עַל
upon
also: according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning fuller range ↓
H5921
Strong's Hebrew
ʻal
Transliteration
/al/
Pronunciation
Usage in the Hebrew Bible
5,779
appearances
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
BDB Definition
upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (preposition)
- upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
- above, beyond, over (of excess)
- above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
- upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
- over (of suspension or extension)
- by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
- down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
- to (as a dative)
- because that, because, notwithstanding, although (conjunction)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Preposition
- A relational word (e.g. “in,” “to,” “from”) governing a noun.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Page 1 of 2 — showing verses 1–200 of 272 distinct verses where H5921 appears in the Book of Exodus. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Exodus
- Exodus 1:8 עַל prep Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who didn't know Joseph.
- Exodus 1:10 עַל prep Come, let us deal wisely with them, lest they multiply, and it happen that when any war breaks out, they also join themselves to our enemies, and fight against us, and escape out of the land."
- Exodus 1:11 עָלָי/ו֙ prep + sfx pers 3ms Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. They built storage cities for Pharaoh: Pithom and Raamses.
- Exodus 1:16 עַל prep and he said, "When you perform the duty of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them on the birth stool; if it is a son, then you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, then she shall live."
- Exodus 2:3 עַל prep When she could no longer hide him, she took a papyrus basket for him, and coated it with tar and with pitch. She put the child in it, and laid it in the reeds by the river's bank.
- Exodus 2:5 עַל עַל prep prep Pharaoh's daughter came down to bathe at the river. Her maidens walked along by the riverside. She saw the basket among the reeds, and sent her handmaid to get it.
- Exodus 2:6 עָלָ֔י/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms She opened it, and saw the child, and, behold, the baby cried. She had compassion on him, and said, "This is one of the Hebrews' children."
- Exodus 2:14 עָלֵ֔י/נוּ prep + sfx pers 1cp He said, "Who made you a prince and a judge over us? Do you plan to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian?" Moses was afraid, and said, "Surely this thing is known."
- Exodus 2:15 עַֽל prep Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and lived in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well.
- Exodus 3:5 מֵ/עַ֣ל עָלָ֔י/ו prep + prep prep + sfx pers 3ms He said, "Don't come close. Take off your sandals from off your feet, for the place you are standing on is holy ground."
- Exodus 3:12 עַ֖ל prep He said, "Certainly I will be with you. This will be the token to you, that I have sent you: when you have brought forth the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain."
- Exodus 3:18 עָלֵ֔י/נוּ prep + sfx pers 1cp They will listen to your voice, and you shall come, you and the elders of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and you shall tell him, 'Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now please let us go three days' journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to Yahweh, our God.'
- Exodus 3:22 עַל וְ/עַל prep conj + prep But every woman shall ask of her neighbor, and of her who visits her house, jewels of silver, jewels of gold, and clothing; and you shall put them on your sons, and on your daughters. You shall despoil the Egyptians.
- Exodus 4:20 עַֽל prep Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them on a donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. Moses took God's rod in his hand.
- Exodus 5:3 עָלֵ֑י/נוּ prep + sfx pers 1cp They said, "The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Please let us go three days' journey into the wilderness, and sacrifice to Yahweh, our God, lest he fall on us with pestilence, or with the sword."
- Exodus 5:8 עֲלֵי/הֶ֔ם עַל prep + sfx pers 3mp prep The number of the bricks, which they made before, you require from them. You shall not diminish anything of it, for they are idle; therefore they cry, saying, 'Let us go and sacrifice to our God.'
- Exodus 5:9 עַל prep Let heavier work be laid on the men, that they may labor therein; and don't let them pay any attention to lying words."
- Exodus 5:14 עֲלֵ/הֶ֔ם prep + sfx pers 3mp The officers of the children of Israel, whom Pharaoh's taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and demanded, "Why haven't you fulfilled your quota both yesterday and today, in making brick as before?"
- Exodus 5:17 עַל prep But he said, "You are idle! You are idle! Therefore you say, 'Let us go and sacrifice to Yahweh.'
- Exodus 5:21 עֲלֵי/כֶ֖ם prep + sfx pers 2mp and they said to them, "May Yahweh look at you, and judge, because you have made us a stench to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in their hand to kill us."
- Exodus 6:26 עַל prep These are that Aaron and Moses, to whom Yahweh said, "Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their hosts."
- Exodus 7:5 עַל prep The Egyptians shall know that I am Yahweh, when I stretch forth my hand on Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them."
- Exodus 7:15 עַל prep Go to Pharaoh in the morning. Behold, he goes out to the water; and you shall stand by the river's bank to meet him; and the rod which was turned to a serpent you shall take in your hand.
- Exodus 7:17 עַל prep Thus says Yahweh, "In this you shall know that I am Yahweh. Behold, I will strike with the rod that is in my hand on the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood.
- Exodus 7:19 עַל עַֽל עַל וְ/עַל וְ/עַ֛ל prep prep prep conj + prep conj + prep Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell Aaron, 'Take your rod, and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.'"
- Exodus 8:3 וְ/עַל conj + prep and the river shall swarm with frogs, which shall go up and come into your house, and into your bedchamber, and on your bed, and into the house of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading-troughs:
- Exodus 8:5 עַל עַל וְ/עַל עַל prep prep conj + prep prep Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell Aaron, 'Stretch forth your hand with your rod over the rivers, over the streams, and over the pools, and cause frogs to come up on the land of Egypt.'"
- Exodus 8:6 עַ֖ל prep Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 8:7 עַל prep The magicians did in like manner with their enchantments, and brought up frogs on the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 8:9 עָלַ/י֒ prep + sfx pers 1cs Moses said to Pharaoh, "I give you the honor of setting the time that I should pray for you, and for your servants, and for your people, that the frogs be destroyed from you and your houses, and remain in the river only."
- Exodus 8:12 עַל prep Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and Moses cried to Yahweh concerning the frogs which he had brought on Pharaoh.
- Exodus 8:21 עָלֶֽי/הָ prep + sfx pers 3fs Else, if you will not let my people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies on you, and on your servants, and on your people, and into your houses: and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground whereon they are.
- Exodus 8:22 עָלֶ֔י/הָ prep + sfx pers 3fs I will set apart in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there; to the end you may know that I am Yahweh in the midst of the earth.
- Exodus 9:9 עַ֖ל עַל וְ/עַל prep prep conj + prep It shall become small dust over all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with boils on man and on animal, throughout all the land of Egypt."
- Exodus 9:19 עֲלֵ/הֶ֛ם prep + sfx pers 3mp Now therefore command that all of your cattle and all that you have in the field be brought into shelter. Every man and animal that is found in the field, and isn't brought home, the hail shall come down on them, and they shall die."'"
- Exodus 9:22 עַל עַל וְ/עַל וְ/עַ֛ל prep prep conj + prep conj + prep Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch forth your hand toward the sky, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, on man, and on animal, and on every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt."
- Exodus 9:23 עַל עַל prep prep Moses stretched forth his rod toward the heavens, and Yahweh sent thunder, hail, and lightning flashed down to the earth. Yahweh rained hail on the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 10:6 עַל prep Your houses shall be filled, and the houses of all your servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; as neither your fathers nor your fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they were on the earth to this day.'" He turned, and went out from Pharaoh.
- Exodus 10:12 עַל עַל prep prep Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up on the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail has left."
- Exodus 10:13 עַל prep Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and Yahweh brought an east wind on the land all that day, and all the night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.
- Exodus 10:14 עַ֚ל prep The locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt. They were very grievous. Before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.
- Exodus 10:17 מֵֽ/עָלַ֔/י prep + prep + sfx pers 1cs Now therefore please forgive my sin again, and pray to Yahweh your God, that he may also take away from me this death."
- Exodus 10:21 עַל עַל prep prep Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt."
- Exodus 10:22 עַל prep Moses stretched forth his hand toward the sky, and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days.
- Exodus 10:28 מֵ/עָלָ֑/י prep + prep + sfx pers 1cs Pharaoh said to him, "Get away from me! Be careful to see my face no more; for in the day you see my face you shall die!"
- Exodus 11:1 עַל וְ/עַל prep conj + prep Yahweh said to Moses, "Yet one plague more will I bring on Pharaoh, and on Egypt; afterwards he will let you go. When he lets you go, he will surely thrust you out altogether.
- Exodus 11:5 עַל prep and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the maid-servant who is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of cattle.
- Exodus 12:4 עַל prep and if the household be too little for a lamb, then he and his neighbor next to his house shall take one according to the number of the souls; according to what everyone can eat you shall make your count for the lamb.
- Exodus 12:7 עַל וְ/עַל עַ֚ל prep conj + prep prep They shall take some of the blood, and put it on the two side-posts and on the lintel, on the houses in which they shall eat it.
- Exodus 12:8 עַל prep They shall eat the flesh in that night, roasted with fire, and unleavened bread. They shall eat it with bitter herbs.
- Exodus 12:9 עַל וְ/עַל prep conj + prep Don't eat it raw, nor boiled at all with water, but roasted with fire; with its head, its legs and its inner parts.
- Exodus 12:13 עַ֤ל עֲלֵ/כֶ֑ם prep prep + sfx pers 2mp The blood shall be to you for a token on the houses where you are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and there shall no plague be on you to destroy you, when I strike the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 12:23 עַל וְ/עַ֖ל עַל prep conj + prep prep For Yahweh will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when he sees the blood on the lintel, and on the two side-posts, Yahweh will pass over the door, and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to strike you.
- Exodus 12:27 עַל prep that you shall say, 'It is the sacrifice of Yahweh's Passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians, and spared our houses.'" The people bowed their heads and worshiped.
- Exodus 12:29 עַל prep It happened at midnight, that Yahweh struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.
- Exodus 12:33 עַל prep The Egyptians were urgent with the people, to send them out of the land in haste, for they said, "We are all dead men."
- Exodus 12:34 עַל prep The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading-troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.
- Exodus 12:51 עַל prep It happened the same day, that Yahweh brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.
- Exodus 13:9 עַל prep It shall be for a sign to you on your hand, and for a memorial between your eyes, that the law of Yahweh may be in your mouth; for with a strong hand Yahweh has brought you out of Egypt.
- Exodus 13:15 עַל prep and it happened, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that Yahweh killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of animal. Therefore I sacrifice to Yahweh all that opens the womb, being males; but all the firstborn of my sons I redeem.'
- Exodus 13:16 עַל prep It shall be for a sign on your hand, and for symbols between your eyes: for by strength of hand Yahweh brought us forth out of Egypt."
- Exodus 14:2 עַל prep "Speak to the children of Israel, that they turn back and encamp before Pihahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal Zephon. You shall encamp opposite it by the sea.
- Exodus 14:3 עֲלֵי/הֶ֖ם prep + sfx pers 3mp Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, 'They are entangled in the land. The wilderness has shut them in.'
- Exodus 14:7 עַל prep and he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over all of them.
- Exodus 14:9 עַל עַל prep prep The Egyptians pursued after them: all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, his horsemen, and his army; and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pihahiroth, before Baal Zephon.
- Exodus 14:16 עַל prep Lift up your rod, and stretch out your hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Israel shall go into the midst of the sea on dry ground.
- Exodus 14:21 עַל prep Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and Yahweh caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided.
- Exodus 14:26 עַל עַל עַל וְ/עַל prep prep prep conj + prep Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the waters may come again on the Egyptians, on their chariots, and on their horsemen."
- Exodus 14:27 עַל prep Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it. Yahweh overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.
- Exodus 14:30 עַל prep Thus Yahweh saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore.
- Exodus 15:16 עֲלֵי/הֶ֤ם prep + sfx pers 3mp Terror and dread falls on them. By the greatness of your arm they are as still as a stone; Until your people pass over, Yahweh, Until the people pass over who you have purchased.
- Exodus 15:19 עֲלֵ/הֶ֖ם prep + sfx pers 3mp For the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and Yahweh brought back the waters of the sea on them; but the children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.
- Exodus 15:23 עַל prep When they came to Marah, they couldn't drink from the waters of Marah, for they were bitter. Therefore the name of it was called Marah.
- Exodus 15:24 עַל prep The people murmured against Moses, saying, "What shall we drink?"
- Exodus 15:26 עָלֶ֔י/ךָ prep + sfx pers 2ms and he said, "If you will diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God, and will do that which is right in his eyes, and will pay attention to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you, which I have put on the Egyptians; for I am Yahweh who heals you."
- Exodus 15:27 עַל prep They came to Elim, where there were twelve springs of water, and seventy palm trees: and they encamped there by the waters.
- Exodus 16:2 עַל וְ/עַֽל prep conj + prep The whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron in the wilderness;
- Exodus 16:3 עַל prep and the children of Israel said to them, "We wish that we had died by the hand of Yahweh in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh-pots, when we ate our fill of bread, for you have brought us out into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger."
- Exodus 16:5 עַ֥ל prep It shall come to pass on the sixth day, that they shall prepare that which they bring in, and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily."
- Exodus 16:7 עַל עָלֵֽי/נוּ prep prep + sfx pers 1cp and in the morning, then you shall see the glory of Yahweh; because he hears your murmurings against Yahweh. Who are we, that you murmur against us?"
- Exodus 16:8 עָלָ֑י/ו עָלֵ֥י/נוּ עַל prep + sfx pers 3ms prep + sfx pers 1cp prep Moses said, "Now Yahweh shall give you meat to eat in the evening, and in the morning bread to satisfy you; because Yahweh hears your murmurings which you murmur against him. And who are we? Your murmurings are not against us, but against Yahweh."
- Exodus 16:14 עַל עַל prep prep When the dew that lay had gone, behold, on the surface of the wilderness was a small round thing, small as the hoar-frost on the ground.
- Exodus 16:20 עֲלֵ/הֶ֖ם prep + sfx pers 3mp Notwithstanding they didn't listen to Moses, but some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and became foul: and Moses was angry with them.
- Exodus 16:29 עַל prep Behold, because Yahweh has given you the Sabbath, therefore he gives you on the sixth day the bread of two days. Everyone stay in his place. Let no one go out of his place on the seventh day."
- Exodus 17:1 עַל prep All the congregation of the children of Israel traveled from the wilderness of Sin, by their journeys, according to Yahweh's commandment, and encamped in Rephidim; but there was no water for the people to drink.
- Exodus 17:3 עַל prep The people were thirsty for water there; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, "Why have you brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us, our children, and our livestock with thirst?"
- Exodus 17:6 עַֽל prep Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock in Horeb. You shall strike the rock, and water will come out of it, that the people may drink." Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.
- Exodus 17:7 עַל וְ/עַ֨ל prep conj + prep He called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because the children of Israel quarreled, and because they tested Yahweh, saying, "Is Yahweh among us, or not?"
- Exodus 17:9 עַל prep Moses said to Joshua, "Choose men for us, and go out, fight with Amalek. Tomorrow I will stand on the top of the hill with God's rod in my hand."
- Exodus 17:12 עָלֶ֑י/הָ prep + sfx pers 3fs But Moses' hands were heavy; and they took a stone, and put it under him, and he sat on it. Aaron and Hur held up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side. His hands were steady until sunset.
- Exodus 17:16 עַל prep He said, "Yah has sworn: 'Yahweh will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.'"
- Exodus 18:8 עַ֖ל prep Moses told his father-in-law all that Yahweh had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, all the hardships that had come on them on the way, and how Yahweh delivered them.
- Exodus 18:9 עַ֚ל prep Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which Yahweh had done to Israel, in that he had delivered them out of the hand of the Egyptians.
- Exodus 18:11 עֲלֵי/הֶֽם prep + sfx pers 3mp Now I know that Yahweh is greater than all gods because of the thing in which they dealt arrogantly against them."
- Exodus 18:13 עַל prep It happened on the next day, that Moses sat to judge the people, and the people stood around Moses from the morning to the evening.
- Exodus 18:14 עָלֶ֖י/ךָ prep + sfx pers 2ms When Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said, "What is this thing that you do for the people? Why do you sit alone, and all the people stand around you from morning to evening?"
- Exodus 18:21 עֲלֵ/הֶ֗ם prep + sfx pers 3mp Moreover you shall provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God: men of truth, hating unjust gain; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
- Exodus 18:22 מֵֽ/עָלֶ֔י/ךָ prep + prep + sfx pers 2ms Let them judge the people at all times. It shall be that every great matter they shall bring to you, but every small matter they shall judge themselves. So shall it be easier for you, and they shall share the load with you.
- Exodus 18:23 עַל prep If you will do this thing, and God commands you so, then you will be able to endure, and all of these people also will go to their place in peace."
- Exodus 18:25 עַל prep Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
- Exodus 19:4 עַל prep 'You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles' wings, and brought you to myself.
- Exodus 19:11 עַל prep and be ready against the third day; for on the third day Yahweh will come down in the sight of all the people on Mount Sinai.
- Exodus 19:16 עַל prep It happened on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of an exceedingly loud trumpet; and all the people who were in the camp trembled.
- Exodus 19:18 עָלָ֛י/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms Mount Sinai, the whole of it, smoked, because Yahweh descended on it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly.
- Exodus 19:20 עַל prep Yahweh came down on Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain. Yahweh called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
- Exodus 20:3 עַל prep You shall have no other gods before me.
- Exodus 20:5 עַל עַל וְ/עַל prep prep conj + prep you shall not bow yourself down to them, nor serve them, for I, Yahweh your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and on the fourth generation of those who hate me,
- Exodus 20:11 עַל prep for in six days Yahweh made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day, and made it holy.
- Exodus 20:12 עַ֚ל prep "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which Yahweh your God gives you.
- Exodus 20:20 עַל prep Moses said to the people, "Don't be afraid, for God has come to test you, and that his fear may be before you, that you won't sin."
- Exodus 20:24 עָלָ֗י/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms You shall make an altar of earth for me, and shall sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your peace-offerings, your sheep and your oxen. In every place where I record my name I will come to you and I will bless you.
- Exodus 20:25 עָלֶ֖י/הָ prep + sfx pers 3fs If you make me an altar of stone, you shall not build it of hewn stones; for if you lift up your tool on it, you have polluted it.
- Exodus 20:26 עַֽל עָלָֽי/ו prep prep + sfx pers 3ms Neither shall you go up by steps to my altar, that your nakedness may not be exposed to it.'
- Exodus 21:14 עַל prep If a man schemes and comes presumptuously on his neighbor to kill him, you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.
- Exodus 21:19 עַל prep if he rises again and walks around with his staff, then he who struck him shall be cleared: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall provide for his healing until he is thoroughly healed.
- Exodus 21:22 עָלָי/ו֙ prep + sfx pers 3ms "If men fight and hurt a pregnant woman so that she gives birth prematurely, and yet no harm follows, he shall be surely fined as much as the woman's husband demands and the judges allow.
- Exodus 21:30 עָלָ֑י/ו עָלָֽי/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms prep + sfx pers 3ms If a ransom is laid on him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is laid on him.
- Exodus 22:3 עָלָ֖י/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms If the sun has risen on him, there shall be guilt of bloodshed for him; he shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
- Exodus 22:9 עַֽל עַל עַל עַל עַל עַל prep prep prep prep prep prep For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, 'This is mine,' the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.
- Exodus 22:25 עָלָ֖י/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms "If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor; neither shall you charge him interest.
- Exodus 23:2 עַל prep You shall not follow a crowd to do evil; neither shall you testify in court to side with a multitude to pervert justice;
- Exodus 23:13 עַל prep "Be careful to do all things that I have said to you; and don't invoke the name of other gods, neither let them be heard out of your mouth.
- Exodus 23:18 עַל prep "You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread, neither shall the fat of my feast remain all night until the morning.
- Exodus 23:29 עָלֶ֖י/ךָ prep + sfx pers 2ms I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the animals of the field multiply against you.
- Exodus 24:6 עַל prep Moses took half of the blood and put it in basins, and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar.
- Exodus 24:8 עַל עַ֥ל prep prep Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, "Look, this is the blood of the covenant, which Yahweh has made with you concerning all these words."
- Exodus 24:16 עַל prep The glory of Yahweh settled on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days. The seventh day he called to Moses out of the midst of the cloud.
- Exodus 25:11 עָלָ֛י/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms You shall overlay it with pure gold. Inside and outside shall you overlay it, and shall make a gold molding around it.
- Exodus 25:12 עַ֖ל עַל עַל prep prep prep You shall cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in its four feet. Two rings shall be on the one side of it, and two rings on the other side of it.
- Exodus 25:14 עַ֖ל prep You shall put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark to carry the ark.
- Exodus 25:19 עַל prep Make one cherub at the one end, and one cherub at the other end. You shall make the cherubim on its two ends of one piece with the mercy seat.
- Exodus 25:20 עַל prep The cherubim shall spread out their wings upward, covering the mercy seat with their wings, with their faces toward one another. The faces of the cherubim shall be toward the mercy seat.
- Exodus 25:21 עַל prep You shall put the mercy seat on top of the ark, and in the ark you shall put the testimony that I will give you.
- Exodus 25:22 מֵ/עַ֣ל עַל prep + prep prep There I will meet with you, and I will tell you from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubim which are on the ark of the testimony, all that I command you for the children of Israel.
- Exodus 25:26 עַ֚ל prep You shall make four rings of gold for it, and put the rings in the four corners that are on its four feet.
- Exodus 25:30 עַֽל prep You shall set bread of the presence on the table before me always.
- Exodus 25:37 עַל prep You shall make its lamps seven, and they shall light its lamps to give light to the space in front of it.
- Exodus 26:4 עַ֣ל prep You shall make loops of blue on the edge of the one curtain from the edge in the coupling; and likewise shall you make in the edge of the curtain that is outmost in the second coupling.
- Exodus 26:7 עַל prep "You shall make curtains of goats' hair for a covering over the tent: eleven curtains shall you make them.
- Exodus 26:10 עַ֣ל עַ֚ל prep prep You shall make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops on the edge of the curtain which is outmost in the second coupling.
- Exodus 26:12 עַ֖ל prep The overhanging part that remains of the curtains of the tent, the half curtain that remains, shall hang over the back of the tent.
- Exodus 26:13 עַל prep The cubit on the one side, and the cubit on the other side, of that which remains in the length of the curtains of the tent, shall hang over the sides of the tent on this side and on that side, to cover it.
- Exodus 26:24 עַל prep They shall be double beneath, and in like manner they shall be entire to the top of it to one ring: thus shall it be for them both; they shall be for the two corners.
- Exodus 26:32 עַל עַל prep prep You shall hang it on four pillars of acacia overlaid with gold; their hooks shall be of gold, on four sockets of silver.
- Exodus 26:34 עַ֖ל prep You shall put the mercy seat on the ark of the testimony in the most holy place.
- Exodus 26:35 עַ֛ל עַל prep prep You shall set the table outside the veil, and the lampstand over against the table on the side of the tent toward the south: and you shall put the table on the north side.
- Exodus 27:2 עַ֚ל prep You shall make its horns on its four corners; its horns shall be of one piece with it; and you shall overlay it with brass.
- Exodus 27:4 עַל עַ֖ל prep prep You shall make a grating for it of network of brass: and on the net you shall make four brazen rings in its four corners.
- Exodus 27:7 עַל prep Its poles shall be put into the rings, and the poles shall be on the two sides of the altar, when carrying it.
- Exodus 27:21 עַל prep In the tent of meeting, outside the veil which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall keep it in order from evening to morning before Yahweh: it shall be a statute forever throughout their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.
- Exodus 28:8 עָלָ֔י/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms The skillfully woven band, which is on it, that is on him, shall be like its work and of the same piece; of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
- Exodus 28:9 עֲלֵי/הֶ֔ם prep + sfx pers 3mp You shall take two onyx stones, and engrave on them the names of the children of Israel:
- Exodus 28:10 עַ֖ל עַל prep prep six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, in the order of their birth.
- Exodus 28:11 עַל prep With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, shall you engrave the two stones, according to the names of the children of Israel: you shall make them to be enclosed in settings of gold.
- Exodus 28:12 עַ֚ל עַל prep prep You shall put the two stones on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, to be stones of memorial for the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before Yahweh on his two shoulders for a memorial.
- Exodus 28:14 עַל prep and two chains of pure gold; you make them like cords shall, of braided work: and you shall put the braided chains on the settings.
- Exodus 28:21 עַל עַל עַל prep prep prep The stones shall be according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names; like the engravings of a signet, everyone according to his name, they shall be for the twelve tribes.
- Exodus 28:22 עַל prep You shall make on the breastplate chains like cords, of braided work of pure gold.
- Exodus 28:23 עַל עַל prep prep You shall make on the breastplate two rings of gold, and shall put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.
- Exodus 28:24 עַל prep You shall put the two braided chains of gold in the two rings at the ends of the breastplate.
- Exodus 28:25 עַל עַל prep prep The other two ends of the two braided chains you shall put on the two settings, and put them on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod in the forepart of it.
- Exodus 28:26 עַל עַל prep prep You shall make two rings of gold, and you shall put them on the two ends of the breastplate, on its edge, which is toward the side of the ephod inward.
- Exodus 28:27 עַל prep You shall make two rings of gold, and shall put them on the two shoulder-pieces of the ephod underneath, in the forepart of it, close by the coupling of it, above the skillfully woven band of the ephod.
- Exodus 28:28 עַל מֵ/עַ֖ל prep prep + prep They shall bind the breastplate by the rings of it to the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be on the skillfully woven band of the ephod, and that the breastplate may not swing out from the ephod.
- Exodus 28:29 עַל prep Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment on his heart, when he goes in to the holy place, for a memorial before Yahweh continually.
- Exodus 28:30 עַל עַל prep prep You shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be on Aaron's heart, when he goes in before Yahweh: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel on his heart before Yahweh continually.
- Exodus 28:33 עַל עַל prep prep On its hem you shall make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, around its hem; and bells of gold between them round about:
- Exodus 28:34 עַל prep a golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, on the hem of the robe round about.
- Exodus 28:35 עַֽל prep It shall be on Aaron to minister: and the sound of it shall be heard when he goes in to the holy place before Yahweh, and when he comes out, that he not die.
- Exodus 28:36 עָלָי/ו֙ prep + sfx pers 3ms "You shall make a plate of pure gold, and engrave on it, like the engravings of a signet, 'HOLY TO YAHWEH.'
- Exodus 28:37 עַל עַל prep prep You shall put it on a lace of blue, and it shall be on the sash; on the front of the sash it shall be.
- Exodus 28:38 עַל עַל prep prep It shall be on Aaron's forehead, and Aaron shall bear the iniquity of the holy things, which the children of Israel shall make holy in all their holy gifts; and it shall be always on his forehead, that they may be accepted before Yahweh.
- Exodus 28:43 עַל וְ/עַל prep conj + prep They shall be on Aaron, and on his sons, when they go in to the tent of meeting, or when they come near to the altar to minister in the holy place; that they don't bear iniquity, and die: it shall be a statute forever to him and to his descendants after him.
- Exodus 29:3 עַל prep You shall put them into one basket, and bring them in the basket, with the bull and the two rams.
- Exodus 29:6 עַל עַל prep prep and you shall set the turban on his head, and put the holy crown on the turban.
- Exodus 29:7 עַל prep Then you shall take the anointing oil, and pour it on his head, and anoint him.
- Exodus 29:10 עַל prep "You shall bring the bull before the tent of meeting: and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the bull.
- Exodus 29:12 עַל prep You shall take of the blood of the bull, and put it on the horns of the altar with your finger; and you shall pour out all the blood at the base of the altar.
- Exodus 29:13 עַל עֲלֵי/הֶ֑ן prep prep + sfx pers 3fp You shall take all the fat that covers the innards, the cover of the liver, the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, and burn them on the altar.
- Exodus 29:15 עַל prep "You shall also take the one ram; and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram.
- Exodus 29:16 עַל prep You shall kill the ram, and you shall take its blood, and sprinkle it around on the altar.
- Exodus 29:17 עַל וְ/עַל prep conj + prep You shall cut the ram into its pieces, and wash its innards, and its legs, and put them with its pieces, and with its head.
- Exodus 29:19 עַל prep "You shall take the other ram; and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram.
- Exodus 29:20 עַל וְ/עַל וְ/עַל וְ/עַל עַל prep conj + prep conj + prep conj + prep prep Then you shall kill the ram, and take some of its blood, and put it on the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and on the tip of the right ear of his sons, and on the thumb of their right hand, and on the big toe of their right foot, and sprinkle the blood on the altar round about.
- Exodus 29:21 עַֽל עַֽל וְ/עַל וְ/עַל וְ/עַל prep prep conj + prep conj + prep conj + prep You shall take of the blood that is on the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it on Aaron, and on his garments, and on his sons, and on the garments of his sons with him: and he shall be made holy, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons' garments with him.
- Exodus 29:22 עֲלֵ/הֶ֔ן prep + sfx pers 3fp Also you shall take some of the ram's fat, the fat tail, the fat that covers the innards, the cover of the liver, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them, and the right thigh (for it is a ram of consecration),
- Exodus 29:24 עַ֚ל וְ/עַ֖ל prep conj + prep You shall put all of this in Aaron's hands, and in his sons' hands, and shall wave them for a wave-offering before Yahweh.
- Exodus 29:25 עַל prep You shall take them from their hands, and burn them on the altar on the burnt offering, for a sweet savor before Yahweh: it is an offering made by fire to Yahweh.
- Exodus 29:36 עַל עַל עָלָ֑י/ו prep prep prep + sfx pers 3ms Every day shall you offer the bull of sin-offering for atonement: and you shall cleanse the altar, when you make atonement for it; and you shall anoint it, to sanctify it.
- Exodus 29:37 עַל prep Seven days you shall make atonement for the altar, and sanctify it: and the altar shall be most holy; whatever touches the altar shall be holy.
- Exodus 29:38 עַל prep "Now this is that which you shall offer on the altar: two lambs a year old day by day continually.
- Exodus 30:4 עַ֚ל עַל prep prep You shall make two golden rings for it under its molding; on its two ribs, on its two sides you shall make them; and they shall be for places for poles with which to bear it.
- Exodus 30:6 עַל עַל prep prep You shall put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with you.
- Exodus 30:7 עָלָ֛י/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms Aaron shall burn incense of sweet spices on it every morning. When he tends the lamps, he shall burn it.
- Exodus 30:9 עָלָ֛י/ו עָלָֽי/ו prep + sfx pers 3ms prep + sfx pers 3ms You shall offer no strange incense on it, nor burnt offering, nor meal-offering; and you shall pour no drink-offering on it.
- Exodus 30:10 עַל עָלָי/ו֙ prep prep + sfx pers 3ms Aaron shall make atonement on its horns once in the year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement once in the year he shall make atonement for it throughout your generations. It is most holy to Yahweh."
- Exodus 30:13 עַל prep They shall give this, everyone who passes over to those who are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary; (the shekel is twenty gerahs;) half a shekel for an offering to Yahweh.
- Exodus 30:14 עַל prep Everyone who passes over to those who are numbered, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the offering to Yahweh.
- Exodus 30:15 עַל prep The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when they give the offering of Yahweh, to make atonement for your souls.
- Exodus 30:16 עַל עַל prep prep You shall take the atonement money from the children of Israel, and shall appoint it for the service of the tent of meeting; that it may be a memorial for the children of Israel before Yahweh, to make atonement for your souls."
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“upon” is the headline sense of the Hebrew word על (ʻal). Its earliest occurrence is Genesis 1:2. The Hebrew Bible uses it across 4,489 verses — among the most common. Beyond “upon” it also covers “according to”, “on account of”, and “on behalf of” — see its full sense range. Related forms include על and על. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
Strong's · 1890
above
Modern gloss
upon
Strong's 1890 sometimes compressed multiple senses — or homonymous roots — under one number, and used 19th-century English phrasing that no longer carries the same connotation. The modern gloss reflects current BDB scholarship; open the Lexicon Entry tab for the full sense breakdown.
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About this word
Strong's H5921 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 4,489
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 4,489 distinct verses.
- 39 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 39 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #3
- by frequency
- Top 10 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 3 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 4,489 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 4,489 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 2,088 verses · 47%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1,244 verses · 28%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 1,157 verses · 26%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Beside 3×, Against 2×, From 2×
- American Standard Version: Of 4×, From 3×, In 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: On 848×, Over 300×, Against 234×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: On 1,212×, Over 484×, Upon 292×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H5921 across 48 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 33 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H5921 across 49 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 34 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H5921 across 4,861 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 302 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 882 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H5921 across 5,627 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 241 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
41 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 41 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- I. subst. height (poet.) †Ho 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָ֗ל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), 11:7 וְאֶל־עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adv. accus., 2 S 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, †(ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gn 27:39; 49:25 ψ 50:4 (opp. מִתַּחַת Ex 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל). e.g. Hosea 7:16
- II. As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI4.6; Moab. Aramaic id.; Ph. על, and עלת; Palm. Nab. על; Sab. עלי, Arabic عَلَى );—abbrev. from עֲלֵי (cf. אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gn 49:17(×2), 22(×2) Nu 24:6(×2) Dt 32:2(×2) Is 18:4; Je 8:18; Mi 5:6; La 4:5; 1 K 20:41; Qr, Jb 7:1 Qr + 10 times ψ, 3 times Pr, 15 times Jb; with sf. עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ (†ψ 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, + 1 S 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 pl. עָלֵינוּ; 2 mpl. עֲלֵיכֶם, + Ex 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 fpl. עֲלֵיכֶן †Ez 23:49; 3 mpl. עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 times in Pent. עֲלֵהֶם Gn 45:15, etc. (Köii. 305), poet. עָלֵ֫ימוֹ Dt 22:23 + 11 times ψ, Jb (perhaps sometimes sg., Ges§ 103 i, N.); 3 fpl. עֲלֵיהֶן, †Ex 29:13 עֲלֵהֶן Ex 29:22; Lv 3:4, 10, 16 (on the form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי, etc., v. Köii. 390 ff., and cf. sub עַד). e.g. Genesis 49:17
- 1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as על־הארץ upon the earth Gn 1:11, 26; 7:6, etc., ψ 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ex 20:12 + often, Am 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Is 14:2 על אדמת י׳, ψ 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲדָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gn 6:1; Nu 12:3 + often; על מקום Lv 14:28; Je 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Dt 17:20; Is 9:6 עַל מַמְלַכְתּוֹ upon his realm, 2 Ch 1:1; עַל בָּֽתִּים very strangely Ho 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with 𝔊; v. 7 c α β); constantly after such vbs. as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gn 8:4; Ex 11:5; כתב על to write (idiom.) on a book or other surface, Jos 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gn 41:45; Zc 5:3 ψ 81:6; with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (fig.), to lean or trust upon: Gn 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֹ upon his thigh, 1 S 14:13; Ez 37:10; Ju 15:8 to smite שׁוֹק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Am 3:15. And with ref. not to a horizontal surface but to a side, Lv 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1 K 6:5, 18 to build against the temple, Jos 10:27, etc. Fig. Ex 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in out idiom, upon thy lips, as Pr 22:18), ψ 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֹ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2 S 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנִי, Pr 16:23, 27; 31:26; Ec 5:1; cf. נָשָׂא עַל שְׂפָתַיִם or עַל פֶּה ψ 16:4; 50:16; Ez 36:3b. Specially e.g. Genesis 1:11
- a. —(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gn 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Jos 9:5; 1 K 11:30; Ru 3:15 +; Gn 24:30; 38:30; 2 S 13:18, of a sword 20:8 Ct 3:8; so הָיָה עַל Lv 16:4; Dt 22:5; Ez 44:18; 1 Ch 15:27; 18:7 (‖ 2 S 8:7 אֶל: see p. 41 a); cf. לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Lv 19:19; Ez 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b. (b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it (‘upon’ referred to a side): v. גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עַטָה; Ne 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, cf. v 18 Ezr 7:6, 9; 8:18, 22, 31; Ex 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1 S 25:16 חוֹמָה הָיוּ עַלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Ex 14:3; Jb 12:14; Ez 13:5; Jb 13:27; 26:9; 36:30 he spreadeth his light עַלָיו about him. e.g. Genesis 37:23
- b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Is 1:14 הָיוּ עַלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Jb 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2 S 15:33 (cf. with אֶל 19:36); כָּבַד עַל to be heavy upon Ex 5:9 al. (v. כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Is 53:5; Ez 33:10 ψ 88:8; Jb 21:9; 2 Ch 15:5; 28:13; Ec 6:1; 8:6 (cf. 5 a β); Lv 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו 22:3: idiomatically, Gn 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֹת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a care to me), Nu 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Ju 14:16, 17; 19:2 (v. Be), 1 S 21:16 to play the mad man upon me, Je 12:11. e.g. Isaiah 1:14
- c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon Ex 5:8; 21:22, 30 (שָׁת), 22:24, cf. Gn 47:26; 2 Ch 35:25; with other verbs, Jb 38:10; Dt 24:5; 26:6; 2 K 15:20; 18:14; 23:33; Ne 10:33(×2) Est 1:8; 9:21, 27, 31; with צִוָּה enjoin upon Gn 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to 2 K 22:13 ψ 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1 S 17:20 (v 22 על יד), נתן על יד (fig.) Gn 42:37; 2 K 12:12; 22:5, cf. 1 K 14:27, עזב ψ 10:14, גלל 37:5, השׁליך 55:23, פקד Jb 34:13 al.; Gn 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., 2 S 19:39 (pregn.) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Ju 19:20 רַק כָּל־מַחְסֹרְךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezr 10:4 ψ 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: cf. Nu 30:7, 9, 15), Pr 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps ψ 62:1; 77:1 (to the charge of); with an inf. 2 S 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1 K 4:7; Ezr 10:12 (accents [Baer], RVm), Ne 13:13, cf. Zc 12:2 (Ew RVm); Nu 7:9 (P) the service of … was upon them, Ez 45:17, so especially late 1 Ch 9:27, 33; 23:31; 2 Ch 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל, 8:15; 24:9; Ezr 7:11; Ne 11:23; Is 9:5 and the government is upon his shoulder (cf. 22:22), 2 Ch 25:3; ψ 7:11 מָֽגִנִּי עַל־א׳ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), 62:8 על־אלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי. e.g. Exodus 5:8
- d. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: ψ 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? v 7 my soul upon me is cast down, v 12 43:5; La 3:20; ψ 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֹ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵּף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, 143:4; Jon 2:8; Je 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַוָּֽי׃ my heart upon me is sick, Jb 14:22(×2) (cf. Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1 S 17:32; 25:36; Ne 5:7 וַיִּמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: cf. ψ 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Jb 30:16; 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. ‘within me’ alters entirely the point of view of the Heb. expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emph. the subj. of an experience, Jb 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַח, Dn 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (cf. Aramaic 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי), 10:8 וְהוֹדִי נְהְפַּךְ עָלַי (cf. 5:9; 7:28): also, rather differently, Lv 18:18b; Je 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִּׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mi 7:13 ψ 90:17b; ψ 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ez 18:20; 22:3; 2 Ch 36:8. e.g. Psalms 42:6
- e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; cf. Is 3:1, and ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Dt 8:3 עַל־הַלֶּחֶם, Is 38:16 (cf. Hi), Gn 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon (= by) thy sword thou shalt live (cf. Kazwiniii. 17 ap. Tuch), Ez 33:19, cf. v 26. e.g. Isaiah 3:1
- f. Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gn 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lv 7:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֹדָה on the ground of a thanksgiving, Nu 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֹ, v b Ez 16:15; 28:17; Dn 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֹ, 9:18 על צדקותינו (with عَلَى this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence (a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (cf. Germ. ‘auf die Art’; WAG ii. § 59 i): the transition may be seen in a passage like Ex 24:8 the covenant which י׳ made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (cf. על פי 34:27), Nu 35:24 על המשׁפטים האלה, Dt 17:11; Je 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: v. ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֹ in accordance with its manner, ψ 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵי־חֹק in accordance with a law, על פי … according to the mouth (i.e. command, Gn 45:21 + often, evidence Dt 17:6; 19:15, sentence 21:5) of …; עַל שֵׁם … according to the name of … (mostly with call, be called) Gn 48:6; Ex 28:21; 2 S 18:18 +, cf. 1 Ch 23:14; Ex 6:26; 12:51 עַל צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Nu 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ), v 52 2:2, 34; 7:3 (‖ ל), Dt 18:8 (prob.); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Je 5:31; 33:13 al. (v. p. 391 b); ψ 110:4 עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ׳ after the manner of M.; Pr 25:11 (prob.) a word spoken עַל אָפְנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) ψ 6:1 (1 Ch 15:21), 8:1; 9:1; 12:1; 45:1; 46:1 (1 Ch 15:20) עַל־עֲלָמוֹת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for ‘sopranos’), 53:1; 56:1; 60:1; 69:1; 81:1; 84:1; 88:1 (cf. in Syriac ܥܰܠ ܩܳܠܴܐ ܕ). (b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gn 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, 21:12; 26:7, 9; 27:41; 42:21; Lv 4:3, 28; 5:18; 19:17; 26:18, 24, 28; Dt 9:18; 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death על־בנים on account of children, 31:18; Jos 9:20; Je 1:16; 5:9; Ez 18:26 עליהם (‖ 33:18 בָּהֶם), Pr 28:21 ψ 39:12; 50:8 + often; ψ 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, 69:8; Je 15:15; in the phrases עַל דְּבַר …, עַל אוֹדוֹת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account? עַל־כֵּן = therefore (v. דָּבָר, אוֹדָה, etc.); before an inf., as Ex 17:7 וְעַל נַסּוֹתָם אֶת־י׳ and on account of their trying י׳, Am 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, v 6, 9, 11, 13, etc., Je 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךֶ because of thy saying, 9:12; 16:18 +; and as a conj. both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (v. infr. III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Ex 18:9; 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), 1 S 4:13; 30:6; 2 S 1:26; 3:8; 1 K 21:4; 2 K 6:11; Je 10:19 Am 6:6. (c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gn 19:17 escape על נפשׁך for thy life; Ju 9:17; 2 K 10:3 נִלְחַם עַל (usually ל); 1 K 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v 19 (2 K 4:13 לְ); Est 4:16; 4:8; 7:7; 8:11; 9:16; Dn 12:1 עמד על stand up (in late Heb.) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Jb 42:8; Ne 1:6; 2 Ch 30:18; 29:21 Ezr 8:35; and very often with כִּפֶּר (q.v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.) (d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Ex 12:4; 29:36; 30:16; Dt 27:13 these shall stand עַל־הַקְּלָלָה (‖ v 12 לְבָרֵךְ), ψ 89:48 עַל־מַה־שָּׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָל־בְּנֵי־אָדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Pr 29:5b; 2 Ch 23:18; Ec 3:17. (e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so عَلَى, WAG ii. § 59 e): ψ 50:5 עֲלֵי זָ֑נַח ׃ upon, with sacrifice, 92:4 עֲלֵי עָשׂוֹר וגו׳ with a ten-stringed instr., with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a lawsuit Ex 23:2; Ez 44:24, עַל יוֹם טוֹב 1 S 25:8 (cf. عَلَى حِينِ at a time of … Qor 28:14), Ne 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Is 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֹר at time of sunshine, 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Je 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֹן at time of sorrow, 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstr. substs. to form a periphr. for adverbs, Lv 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Je 6:14 = 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, ψ 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Is 60:7 עַל רָצוֹן = acceptably (cf. عَلَى لَذَّةٍ = with delight). (f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so عَلَى, WAG ii. § 59 h), Jb 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, 34:6 על משׁפטי notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RVm). cf. below, III c b. (g) Upon, concerning, with vbs. of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Ju 9:3; 1 K 5:13, אָמַר Je 16:3; 27:19 (‖ אל) 33:4, hearing Gn 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1 K 10:6; Is 37:9 (‖ 2 K 19:9 אל), disputing Gn 26:21, telling 1 S 27:11; Jo 1:3, commanding 2 S 14:8; 1 K 11:10, being vexed 21:4; 2 K 6:11, crying 8:5, confessing ψ 32:5 Ne 1:6; of the object of a prophecy or vision 1 K 22:8; Is 1:1; 2:1; and often with similar verbs. (h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gn 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם, Ex 22:8; Ru 4:7; Lv 5:22, 26; Dn 9:14b; Ne 9:33; חָטָא עַל Lv 4:14 (‖ בָּהּ v 23, cogn. acc. v 28), 5:5; Nu 6:11; Ne 13:26; … עַל־דְּבַר in the matter of, Nu 25:18; 31:16. e.g. Genesis 24:9
- 2. It expresses excess (synon. מִן q.v.); Gn 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַד עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Ex 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Nu 3:46 Dt 25:3 stripes עַל־אֵלֶּה beyond these, Jos 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (cf. 4:18 Is 8:7b הלך על, עלה), ψ 138:2 Ec 1:16 Dn 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֹת עַל ten times above (cf. in Aramaic 3:19, and عَلَى Qor 37:153), Ezr 1:6 †לְבַד עַל = beside (v. בַּד); ψ 16:2 (si vera l.) טוֹבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee.—Of time, Lv 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (cf. Is 32:10, 4 b). e.g. Genesis 48:22
- 3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (fig.) above, Dt 26:19 al., 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, cf. Pr 31:29; ψ 57:6, 12 be thou exalted above the heavens, 89:8; 95:3; 96:4, etc., Ne 9:5; with words (q.v.) such as גבר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi. Hithp.), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gn 41:33, 40, 43, שׂם 1 S 18:5; with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gn 41:34; Ex 1:11; 18:21, etc.; abs. 2 S 8:16 Joab was על־הצבא over the host, 20:23b, 24 1 K 4:4–6; 5:30; Nu 10:14 ff. 1 Ch 9:23, 26ff.; 27:25ff.; 2 Ch 30:17; 31:12; אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֹ of Joseph’s steward Gn 43:16, 19; 44:1, 4; and in the official titles אּשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Is 22:15 al. (v. בַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמַּס the overseer of the forced labour 1 K 12:18; אשׁר על־העיר the governor of the city 2 K 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v 22. e.g. Deuteronomy 26:19
- 4. It expresses addition (cf. ἐπὶ in Gk., e.g. ἐπὶ τούτοις); viz.
- a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, ψ 61:7 + often (v. יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gn 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Nu 18:2, 4; Is 14:1 (also c. אֶל), נָפַל to fall to, i.e. desert to, Je 21:9 +, עבר to pass over to Ex 30:13, 14; Is 45:14 (cf. 60:5); also Hb 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֹס עַל La 4:21, Est 4:7; נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lv 25:31; 2 S 4:2, היה על Nu 36:12; ψ 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֹן עַל עֲוֹנָם, Is 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him. e.g. Psalms 61:7
- b. Used absol., as Gn 28:9 he took Maḥalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, 31:50 (cf. אל Lv 18:18), Nu 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (‖ Jos 13:22 אֶל), Dt 23:14; Ez 16:37, 43; 25:10; Is 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2 Ch 21:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ez 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֹא (‖ אל), Je 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Jb 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלאפְּנֵי־פָ֑רֶץ (cf. LagM iii. 112; also Il. 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφʼ ἕλκει, Odyss. 7:120f., Qor 31:13). So often in laws of P (cf. c), Lv 7:12 he shall offer עַל־זֶבַח הַתּוֹדָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., v 13b Nu 6:20; 15:9; 28:10, 15, 24 (cf. מִלְּבַד v 31 29:6), 35:6; Ez 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: cf. 44:7 אל). e.g. Genesis 28:9
- c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Ex 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Jb 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? 1 K 15:20; Je 3:18 the house of Isr. with the house of Judah, Mi 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gn 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (cf. Ho 10:14 Dt 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Ex 12:8 עַל־מְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, v 9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Nu 9:11; Dt 16:3 לֹא־תֹאכָל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (cf. Ex 23:18; 34:25), v 3; in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1 S 14:32, 33 (v 34 אל), Lv 19:26; Ez 33:25 (cf. in Gk. e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lv 2:2, 16; 3:4 (so v 10, 15 4:9; 7:4), 4:11; 7:13a, 30; 10:15; 14:31; 23:18, 20; Nu 6:17; 19:5; 1 Ch 7:4. e.g. Exodus 35:22
- 5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gn 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (cf. זרח על Ex 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Dt 24:15 Mi 3:6; Jb 25:3), Nu 10:34; 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Dt 28:23 the heavens על־ראשׁך above thy head, Is 4:5; 60:1, 2; Zp 2:11; Zc 9:14 ψ 7:8 over it return thou on high, Jb 29:3 בְּהִלּוֹ נֵרוֹ עֲלֵי רֹאשִׁי (cf. דעך על be extinguished over, 18:6), Ct 2:4 his banner over me: fig. of protection Dt 32:38 ψ 68:35: with vbs. of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1 S 13:18 +, נטה ידו על Ex 14:16; Is 23:11 + (cf. ψ 21:12), הניף על to swing over Is 11:15; 19:16; השׁמיע על to proclaim over Je 4:16; Am 3:9, cf. Nu 10:10; 2 Ch 13:12, נקרא שׁם על a name to be called over 2 S 12:28 + (v. קרא). e.g. Genesis 1:20
- 6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, Engl. by (or sometimes on):—
- a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, Gn 14:6 עַל־הַמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, 16:7 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, 24:13, 30; 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), 41:1 Nu 3:26; 13:29 על־הים by the sea, 22:5; 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר Dt 3:12; 33:8; Ju 5:19; 7:1; 1 S 1:9 על מזוזת היכל י׳ (Ez 46:2), 4:1; 2 K 2:7 and they stood על־הירדן by the Jordan, 25:4 Is 19:7; 38:20 ψ 1:3 planted by water-courses, Je 17:2, 8; Jb 30:4; 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Pr 14:19, + often.; על הדרך by the way Gn 38:21; 1 S 24:4; Ez 48:24ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1 K 9:18; Je 18:16 +, fig. עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mi 7:18 al.: על יְמִין … on the right of … ψ 110:5 +, עַל יַד …, עַל יֶרֶךְ …, עַל כֶּתֶף … on the side of … (see these words): less freq. (except as c) with ref. to persons, Nu 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, v 12, 20, 27 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2 K 11:11 by the king round about (cf. Nu 3:26 supr.), עבר על פ׳ Gn 18:5; 2 K 4:9 +. e.g. Genesis 14:6
- b. 2 S 9:7, 10 to eat bread עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ׳ at any one’s table, Ex 16:3 when we sat עַל־סִיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1 S 20:24 Kt to sit עַל־חַלֶּהֶם at meat; 25:13; 30:24 to remain עַל־הַכֵּלִים; Pr 23:30 to tarry long על־היין at (or over) the wine, Jb 39:9 עַל־אֲבוּסֶֽךָ ׃ at thy crib: cf. הַיּוֹשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Is 28:6. e.g. 2 Samuel 9:7
- c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (lit. over,—orig. no doubt with ref. to one supposed to be seated), Gn 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, v 8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, 24:30 by the camels, 28:13; 1 S 4:20; 2 S 1:9; 20:11, 12; Am 7:7; especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gn 45:1; Ju 3:19; 1 S 22:6, 7, 17, of persons surrounding a judge Ex 18:13, 14, of י׳’s heavenly ministers, 1 K 22:19 (cf. Is 6:2 ממעל לו), Zc 4:14, and with התיצב 6:5 Jb 1:6; 2:1; also of one standing by (proposes leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Nu 23:3, 6; 1 K 13:1 (cf. 7 b); Am 9:1; of an Ashérah by an altar Ju 6:25, 28 (cf. אֵצֶל Dt 16:21) ortree Je 17:2; cf. 2 S 12:17 (קום) Ex 2:15; 2 S 2:13 (ישׁב). e.g. Genesis 18:2
- 7. In connexion with verbs of motion (actual or fig.):—
- a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus (a) המטיר על to rain upon Gn 2:5; 19:24, ירד על 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Gn 28:18, נפל על צוארי פ׳ Gn 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face 17:3, 17, שׂם על to put upon, 21:14; 22:6, 9; 24:47 (v 22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of … 40:11, 21, השׁליך על 2 S 20:12, etc.; cf. Jb 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֹ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mi 3:5; Na 3:12. (b) In diff. fig. connexions, as of sleep falling upon one, Gn 2:21; 15:12; of fear 9:2; 1 S 11:7 (v. פַּחַד, חֲרָדָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gn 27:12; Dt 28:2 (in good sense), v 15, Je 5:12; 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with diff. verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gn 20:9; Nu 12:11 חטאה; Gn 42:36 עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Nu 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Dt 19:10 דם (cf. אל 2 S 21:2 𝔊 We Dr), Ju 9:24; 1 K 2:32; 2 S 16:8; Ho 12:15; 2 S 3:29; 15:14; 1 S 11:2 חרפה; Je 14:16; 26:15 דם נקי (‖ אל), Jon 1:14; Ez 7:3, 4, 8; 23:49; 36:29; ψ 7:17; 94:2, 23; 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Pr 17:13), 140:11; שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ez 7:8 + often; without a verb, Gn 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Je 51:35 (‖ אל); Gn 27:13 עלי קללתך; 38:29 (accents, RVm); 2 S 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֹן; Is 24:17; Je 48:43; 50:27; Ez 13:3; הוֹי עַל …; ψ 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Ex 32:29 ψ 3:9, a curse Dt 30:7, mercies (prob. conceived spec. as descending from heaven) ψ 33:22; 86:13; 90:17; 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, v 11 117:2), 116:12; 145:9; Ezr 3:11, שׁלום ψ 125:5; 128:6; 1 Ch 22:9. (c.) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Ex 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or giref, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Ju 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); prob. also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ez 11:4; 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (cf. 1 K 3:26 [Gn 43:30 אל], Ct 5:4 [Je 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Jb 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Is 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Je 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Je 11:17 +, טובה 18:20; 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Je 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gn 45:14, 15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ez 22:13 (‖ אל); Is 5:30 to growl over, 31:4 Ez 36:2; Jb 30:5; הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lv 16:21; Ex 30:10a (prob.); Dt 21:6; Jb 6:27; 40:30. e.g. Genesis 2:5
- b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Ex 20:26; 1 S 2:28; 1 K 12:33b; 2 K 16:12b; 2 Ch 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; cf. 2 K 23:9, and ירד Lv 9:22; 1 K 1:53); Ju 9:51; Is 14:14; 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in diff. connexions) Ex 10:12; Lv 16:9 (fig.), 19:19; 1 S 1:11; 6:7; 1 K 10:16, 17; fig. עלה על לב Is 65:17 + (v. לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph. 1 K 20:23 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Am 8:10 (cf. 1 a a), 2 S 1:24; Ez 37:6 ψ 137:6 (fig.), 2 Ch 3:5, 14 (= ornamented with); Dt 28:61 (cf. Ex 15:26b); 2 Ch 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָה עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (cf. 32:32; and כתב על supr. 1); cf. נטה יד על־השׁמים up to heaven Ex 9:22; 10:21; 17:16. e.g. Exodus 20:23
- c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: v. infr.)—(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (cf. PuseyMin. Pr. 333), Ex 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simil., of a land, or place, 18:23 Nu 11:12; 1 K 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַל־שָׂדֶיךָ, Ez 32:9; Je 3:18b; 16:13; 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב 16:15; 22:27; 23:3; 24:6 [but אֶל 27:22; 30:3 al.], Ez 29:14; Gn 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עַל־כַּנֶּ֑ךָ, 41:13, 30:33 כִּי תָבֹא עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; Lv 21:11; Nu 6:6 בא על נפשׁ מֵת to come in upon a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gn 19:31; Dt 25:5 (usually אל); Jos 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ez 47:8; 1 K 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַל־אֲשֶׁר לֹא־אֵדָ֑ע, ψ 19:7; 2 K 16:12; 2 Ch 20:24; Is 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was י׳’s arm revealed? 62:10 הרימו נֵס על העמים over towards (but 49:22 אל): but often it is dub. if this force is perceptible; and in gen. על in such cases seems to be used merely as a syn.—perhaps as a slightly more graphic syn.—of אֶל (cf. p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the infl. of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus (α) with a personal obj., with assemble or be assembled, Ex 32:1; 2 S 17:11; 1 K 8:5; 11:24; 2 K 22:20 (2 Ch 34:28 and usually אל), 2 Ch 13:7, עלה Gn 38:12; Jos 2:8; 1 S 14:10 (v 9, 12 אל), עבר 1 S 14:4 (v 1 אל), בא 2 S 15:4 (v. Dr) 1 Ch 12:23f., יצא 2 K 24:12, הוליך 25:20, נגע Ju 20:34, 41 (cf. Is 6:7; Je 1:9), נס Is 10:3, הלך 22:15 (אל … על), נשׂא 30:6, שׁלח 2 K 18:27 (אל … על … על: ‖ Is 36:12אל … אל … על), Je 26:15; 29:31; 1 Ch 13:2; 2 Ch 28:16; 30:1; 32:9, 31; 36:15; Ne 6:3, נגשׁ Ez 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Ne 4:6; Ml 3:24 (v. c), sq. על י׳ 2 Ch 15:4; 30:9, התיצּב 2 Ch 11:13; letters going על פ׳ Ne 2:7; 6:17a (v b אל). (β) of places, Gn 24:49; 2 S 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1 S 2:11; 1 K 20:43 על־ביתו (21:4 אל), 2 S 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Je 1:7; Ez 1:20 (v 12 אל), הוליך 1 K 1:38 (v 33 אל), נהר Mi 4:1 (‖ Is 2:2 אל), Je 31:12 (אל … על), נגשׁ Ez 44:13 (‖ אל), עלה 1 S 24:23; 2 S 19:1 1 K 6:8 (‖ אל), Ez 41:7, בא Je 14:3; 51:51, (על הר) הביא Is 66:20 (56:7 אל), ירד Je 36:12, הִטָּה Pr 21:1, הסיר 2 S 6:10 (‖ 1 Ch 13:13 אל), נתן Is 29:12 (v 11 אל) Mi 1:14; 3:5; Gn 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Nu 33:7; Je 11:10 (fig., עַל עֲוֹנוֹת), ψ 35:13 Jb 34:15 (Gn 3:19 אל), Pr 26:11. Ec 1:6; 1 K 17:21, 22 (cf. 1 S 30:12 אל) השׁתחוה Lv 26:1 (prob.), Is 60:14; pregn. Is 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֹר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: cf. חוּשׁ עַל Jb 31:5 (fig.), also to requite עַל־חֵיק Is 65:6; 7 Kt. (Je 32:18 ψ 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, ψ 90:16 (אל … על). And as far as, unto (nearly = עַל) Gn 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֹ עַל צִידוֹן Jos 2:7; 18:13; 19:12; Je 31:39; Ez 47:18; 48:21, 28 ψ 48:11; 1 Ch 5:16. (b) With אמר say to, 2 K 22:8; Je 18:11 (אל … על), 22:6; 23:2, 35 (על … אל), 36:29; 44:20 (אל … על), דבר 1 S 1:13 (Gn 24:45 אל), 1 K 9:5; Ho 12:11; Je 6:10; 10:1; 11:2 (אל … על), speak to 25:2 (על … אל), 26:2, cf. Est 1:17, היה דבר י׳ Je 25:1; 1 Ch 22:8 cf. 11:10, ענה 2 S 19:43, קרא Is 34:14; 2 Ch 32:18, שִׁוַּע ψ 18:42, הֵרַע 1 K 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Pr 25:20; Jb 33:27, החליק Pr 29:5 (ψ 36:3 אל), התפלל 1 S 1:10, כתב 2 Ch 30:1; Ezr 4:7; Est 8:8, שׁמע 2 K 20:13 (= Is 39:2), 22:13; Je 23:16; 26:5; 35:18; Hg 1:12; v. also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל. (c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2 S 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24; Ezr 6:22; Ct 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ (Gn 3:16; 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֹ על Jb 1:8 (2:3 אל), 1 S 25:25 (אל … על); Je 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) …, 1 Ch 12:17; 1 K 1:20; 2 Ch 20:12 כִּי עָלֶיךָ עֵינֵינוּ (elsewhere אל), 1 K 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, ψ 146:5 שִׂבְרוֹ על י׳; Is 10:25 וְאַפִּי עַל־תַּבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Je 32:31 (Gf Ew: cf. RV); cf. שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Is 17:7; 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.) (d) With the force of over and towards (cf. 5 and 7 a b, end): ψ 65:5 נוֹרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, ψ 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Nu 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Ex 5:21; הוֹפִיעַ עַל Jb 10:3; וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Am 9:4 + (cf. Jb 14:3; 24:3; 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over ψ 14:3 +. e.g. Exodus 34:12
- d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gn 34:25, 27, נֶאֱסַף v 30, קצף to be angry 40:2, לון to murmur Ex 15:24, עמד stand up Lv 19:16 +, קָם rise up Dt 19:11; Am 7:9, נלחם Dt 20:10, חנה 1 S 11:1 ψ 27:3, עלה 2 K 17:3, חרה אף Zc 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Is 37:33, צוּר besiege Dt 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gn 50:20; Je 11:19, דִּבֶּר Dt 13:6 +, etc.: add Jb 16:4(×2), 9, 10, 13; 19:12; 21:27; 30:12, etc.; היה על 2 S 11:23; Nu 31:3: הִנְנִי עָלַיִךְ (v. אֶל 4); note also Ju 9:31; 20:5: without a verb Is 9:20; Ju 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, 20:9 עָלָיהָ בְּגוֹרָל Against it by lot! e.g. Genesis 34:25
- 8. By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, 1 Ch 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֹב (in classical Heb. בְּעֵינֵיבֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֹב †Ne 2:5, 7 Est 1:19; 3:9; 5:4, 8; 7:3; 8:5; 9:13 (cf. in Aramaic Ezr 5:17; 7:18); שָׁפַר עַל ψ 16:6 (cf. in Aramaic Dn 4:24); עָרַב עַל ψ 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע עַל Ec 2:17 (v. De; cf. בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dn 6:15): comp. Jb 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, 33:23; also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: v. גמל), Ne 5:19 עשׂה על, 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezr 7:28; 9:9 (Gn 39:21 אל): 1 S 20:8 read prob. עם for על. cf. Mish. חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac ܕܚܺܝܡ ܥܰܠ, ܡܩܰܒܰܠ ܥܰܠ, pleasant, acceptable to.—Comp. in gen. the uses of عَلَى,, WAG ii. § 59. e.g. 1 Chronicles 13:2
- 9. With other particles:—עַל אַהֲרֵי Ez 41:15; עַל בֵּין Ez 19:11 (cf. אל 31:10, 14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ez 40:15; עַל מֵעַל Ez 41:17 (text dub.), v 20; עַל עֵבֶר Ex 25:37 (cf. אל Ez 1:9, 12); עַל־כָּ֫כָה Est 9:26 (v. p. 462).—On עַל־יַד, עַל־יְדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַל־פְּנֵי, v. יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים. e.g. Ezekiel 41:15
- 1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as על־הארץ upon the earth Gn 1:11, 26; 7:6, etc., ψ 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ex 20:12 + often, Am 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Is 14:2 על אדמת י׳, ψ 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲדָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gn 6:1; Nu 12:3 + often; על מקום Lv 14:28; Je 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Dt 17:20; Is 9:6 עַל מַמְלַכְתּוֹ upon his realm, 2 Ch 1:1; עַל בָּֽתִּים very strangely Ho 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with 𝔊; v. 7 c α β); constantly after such vbs. as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gn 8:4; Ex 11:5; כתב על to write (idiom.) on a book or other surface, Jos 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gn 41:45; Zc 5:3 ψ 81:6; with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (fig.), to lean or trust upon: Gn 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֹ upon his thigh, 1 S 14:13; Ez 37:10; Ju 15:8 to smite שׁוֹק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Am 3:15. And with ref. not to a horizontal surface but to a side, Lv 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1 K 6:5, 18 to build against the temple, Jos 10:27, etc. Fig. Ex 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in out idiom, upon thy lips, as Pr 22:18), ψ 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֹ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2 S 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנִי, Pr 16:23, 27; 31:26; Ec 5:1; cf. נָשָׂא עַל שְׂפָתַיִם or עַל פֶּה ψ 16:4; 50:16; Ez 36:3b. Specially e.g. Genesis 1:11
- III. As conj.:
- a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that … (cf. above, II 1 f b), Ex 32:35 and י׳ plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Nu 20:24; Dt 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1 K 9:9; Je 16:11; 22:9), 32:51(×2) 1 S 24:6; 2 S 3:30; 6:8; 8:10; 12:6 ψ 119:49 +. e.g. Exodus 32:35
- b. עַל כִּ׳ similar in meaning, but less frequent: †Dt 31:17; Ju 3:12; Je 4:28; Mal 2:14 ψ 139:14. e.g. Deuteronomy 31:17
- c. עַל alone: (a) because, †Gn 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, ψ 119:136 עַל לֹא. (b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, †Is 53:9 עַל לֹא חָמָס עָשָׂה although he did no violence, Jb 16:17 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י. e.g. Genesis 31:20
- IV. Compounds:—
- 1. with כְּ (rare and late),
- a. as concerning, as upon †ψ 119:14 כְּעַל כָּל־הוֹן, 2 Ch 32:19. e.g. Psalms 119:14
- b. (pleon. for כְּ), † Is 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֹת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the anal. of כְּ Nu 15:15; Ho 4:9: v. כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Is 63:7 according to. e.g. Isaiah 59:18
- 2. מֵעַל304 from upon, from over, from by—used with much delicacy of application in many different connexions, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
- a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gn 4:14; 6:7; 7:4; Ex 32:12; Dt 6:15; 28:21:63 + often especially Je and compiler of K; to be lifted up מעל הארץ Gn 7:17 Ez 1:19, 21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gn 8:3, 7, 11, 13; to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵר 29:3; of the cloud departing מעל האהל Nu 9:17; 12:10, cf. Ne 9:19; to rise up מֵעַל הַכִּסֵּא Ju 3:20; 1 K 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ 2 S 11:2; to alight (נָפַל) מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Gn 24:64 (cf. Jos 15:18 צנח, 1 S 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Ju 4:15; 2 K 5:21; (נפל); to take מֵעַל רֹאשׁ Gn 40:19 2 S 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lv 16:12; Nu 17:11; Is 6:6; to see מֵעַל הַגָּג 2 S 11:2; to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֹמָה v 20, 24; to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Ex 25:22; Nu 7:89; to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Dt 9:17; Lv 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gn 27:40; Is 10:27; Je 28:10, 11; to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּל־פָּנִים Is 25:8; to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1 K 20:41 (cf. על v 38); often of putting off a garment or ornament, as Gn 38:14, 19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Ex 33:5 הוֹרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Ex 3:5; Jos 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֹ Gn 41:42; to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Is 34:16; Je 36:11 (cf. כתב על ספר above); pregn. with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Dt 8:4; 29:4, cf. of the bones or skin in disease Jb 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, v 30 עוֹרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; fig. 1 S 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Nu 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Ju 16:19, 20 י׳ סר מעליו (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson’s strength), 1 S 16:23 (cf. על in v 16). e.g. Genesis 4:14
- b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Ex 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶת־הַמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Nu 21:7; 25:8 וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר׳ (2 S 24:21, 25), ψ 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Jb 9:34; 13:21 Jo 2:20; of reproach Jos 5:9; Is 25:8 ψ 119:22, iniquity Ez 18:31; Zc 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1 K 2:31, wrath Ju 8:3; Nu 25:11; Pr 24:18, murmurings Nu 17:21, 25; הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Ex 18:22 +; Am 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי הֲמוֹן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregn. Jon 1:11, 12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; מֵעָלָיו שְׁעֵה look away from him Jb 14:6; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (v. פָּנִים); 1 S 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ from upon us (relieving us of his presence); so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2 S 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֹאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, 20:21 וְאֵלְכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v 22 2 K 3:27; 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה, 1 K 15:19; Je 21:2; 37:5, 11 +; 2 S 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Ne 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, cf. Gn 13:11; 25:6 Nu 20:21 וַיֵּט ישׂר׳ מֵעָלָיו, 2 Ch 20:10; Ex 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2 S 13:17 שׁלחו־נא את־זאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar). e.g. Exodus 10:17
- c. From beside (cf. על 6 c), in different nuances: Gn 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., 35:13; 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (cf. על v 5), 42:24 Nu 16:26, 27; 1 K 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (cf. על 13:1; 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gn 45:1 (cf. על ib.), Ju 3:19 וַיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּל־הָעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1 S 17:15 (v. Dr), 2 S 13:9, cf. 1 S 13:8, 11 2 K 25:5 (Je 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittogr.), cf. 2 Ch 35:15; from attachment to, רָחַק מֵעַל י׳ Je 2:5; Ez 11:15; 44:10, cf. 8:6, סָר מֵעַל י׳ Je 32:40; Ez 6:9, תָּעָה מֵעַל י׳ Ez 44:10, 15, cf. 14:5; Dt 13:11; also סָר מֵעַל חַטֹּאות 2 K 10:31; 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), cf. Ez 14:6; 23:18; from companionship with, Jb 19:13 אַחַי מֵעָלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1 S 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעָלַי, v 16 (cf. על ψ 110:5; and v. Dr); from adhesion to 2 K 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית דָּוִד, Is 7:17; 56:3 יַבְדִּילַנִי י׳ מֵעַל עַמּוֹ, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ. e.g. Genesis 17:22
- d. In late Heb., = עַל above: 2 K 25:28 נָתַן כִּסְאוֹ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו׳ (‖ Je 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Est 3:1 ψ 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (‖ 57:11 עַד), 148:4 Ec 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Ne 3:28; 8:5; 2 Ch 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיחֶם on high above them; Ez 41:17, 20; Pr 14:14 read w. Capp. וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.—v. p. 1126 on Hg 2:15, 18; Zc 11:13. e.g. 2 Kings 25:28
- e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleon. for עַל, or else = the more class. syn. מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gn 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ez 1:26 מִמַּעַל לְ׳), Ez 1:25 (text dub.; v. Comm.), 1 S 17:39; Jon 4:6; Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond), 2 Ch 13:4 upon mount Zemaraim, 24:20. (b) beside 2 Ch 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Ne 12:31(×2), 37, 38(×2), 39 dub.: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in v 31, 38a upon, in v 37, 38b, 39 by the side of (an … vorüber). e.g. Genesis 1:7
- 1. with כְּ (rare and late),
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
(cf. Köii. 261 f.)
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from על (ʻal) (H5920) — above.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
עֹל
- , v. עוֹל
עַל
- height; (prepos.) upon, above; about &c.—With suff. (pl.) עָלַי, עָלֶיךָ &c. Ab. I, 2 על שלשה וכ׳ the world stands on three things. Sabb. II, 6 על שלש וכ׳ for three sins &c. Snh. 20ᵃ, a. fr. אמרו עָלָיו על וכ׳ they relate about &c. Nidd. 23ᵇ מי שלבו דוה עליו whose heart within him &c., v. דָּוָה; a. v. fr.—על יד, על ידי, v. יָד; על מנת, v. מְנָת, &c.—Ab. Zar. 30ᵃ, a. e. עָלי ועל צוארי, v. צַוָּאר.
עַל ²
- Targ. Gen. I, 2; a. v. fr.—With suffix (pl.) עֲלַי, עֲלָךְ, עֲלוֹהִי &c. Ib. XXVII, 12; a. v. fr.—Ab. II, 6 על דאטפת, v. טוּף.—ייתי עֲלַי, v. אֲתָא; a. v. fr.
עָל
- verb, v. עוּל, עֲלַל.
*עָל
- (cmp. עִילָא II) plan. Pesik. Vattom., p. 133ᵃ (ref. to Is. V, 19) [read:] ונדע על דמאן היא קיימא על דידן וכ׳ and let us know, whose plan will stand (be executed), our plan or his plan. Ib. הא קמת על דידהון על דידי לא קמת (not היא) now their plan stands, shall mine not stand?; Yalk. Lam. 1033; 1034. e.g. Isaiah 5:19
עֵל
- , v. עֵיל
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 307 distinct written forms H5921 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| עַל | Preposition | Amos 1:1 | 3,041 |
| וְ/עַל | Preposition | Amos 1:3 | 341 |
| עַֽל | Preposition | Amos 1:9 | 121 |
| עַ֖ל | Preposition | Daniel 9:1 | 113 |
| עַ֚ל | Preposition | Amos 3:1 | 68 |
| עָלָ֖י/ו | Preposition | Daniel 11:21 | 68 |
| מֵ/עַ֣ל | Preposition | Deuteronomy 4:26 | 67 |
| עָלָי/ו֙ | Preposition | Daniel 11:5 | 56 |
| עָלָ֔י/ו | Preposition | Deuteronomy 12:32 | 47 |
| עֲלֵי/הֶ֖ם | Preposition | Deuteronomy 27:5 | 45 |
| עָלָֽי/ו | Preposition | Daniel 2:1 | 43 |
| עַ֣ל | Preposition | Daniel 10:4 | 42 |
| עָלָ֑י/ו | Preposition | Amos 3:14 | 39 |
| וְ/עַ֖ל | Preposition | Exodus 12:23 | 37 |
| מֵ/עַ֥ל | Preposition | Amos 7:11 | 37 |
| עָלֶֽי/הָ | Preposition | Daniel 1:1 | 32 |
| וְ/עַל֙ | Preposition | Daniel 11:36 | 31 |
| עֲלֵי/הֶ֔ם | Preposition | Daniel 10:7 | 31 |
| עָלֶ֔י/הָ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 4:26 | 31 |
| עָלֶ֖י/הָ | Preposition | Amos 4:7 | 31 |
| מֵ/עַ֖ל | Preposition | Amos 9:8 | 30 |
| עֲלֵי/הֶֽם | Preposition | Ecclesiastes 5:8 | 30 |
| עָלַ֣/י | Preposition | 1 Chronicles 28:19 | 30 |
| עָלָ֛י/ו | Preposition | Exodus 19:18 | 30 |
| עָלָ֣י/ו | Preposition | Deuteronomy 24:15 | 26 |
| עֲלֵי/הֶ֑ם | Preposition | Amos 9:12 | 25 |
| עֲלֵי | Preposition | Deuteronomy 32:2 | 23 |
| עֲלֵי/הֶם֙ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 7:25 | 23 |
| עַ֥ל | Preposition | Deuteronomy 31:18 | 23 |
| עָלֶ֖י/ךָ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 7:22 | 22 |
| עָלָ֜י/ו | Preposition | Daniel 11:40 | 22 |
| עֲלֵי/הֶ֛ם | Preposition | Amos 9:4 | 21 |
| עֲלֵי/כֶ֖ם | Preposition | Amos 3:1 | 21 |
| עָלֶ֑י/הָ | Preposition | Daniel 9:18 | 21 |
| וְ/עַ֣ל | Preposition | Ezekiel 48:2 | 20 |
| וְ/עַ֥ל | Preposition | Ecclesiastes 3:17 | 20 |
| וְ/עַֽל | Preposition | Amos 3:9 | 20 |
| עָלַ֖/י | Preposition | Ezekiel 3:14 | 20 |
| עָלֶ֨י/הָ֙ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 29:27 | 19 |
| עָלָֽ/י | Preposition | 1 Samuel 23:21 | 19 |
| עַ֛ל | Preposition | Ecclesiastes 1:13 | 18 |
| עַ֤ל | Preposition | Daniel 1:20 | 18 |
| עָלֶ֨י/ךָ֙ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 15:9 | 18 |
| עָלָ֗י/ו | Preposition | Exodus 20:24 | 18 |
| מֵ/עַל֙ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 11:17 | 17 |
| עָלֶ֔י/ךָ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 28:7 | 17 |
| עָלַ֖יִ/ךְ | Preposition | Ezekiel 5:8 | 17 |
| עָלַ֨יִ/ךְ֙ | Preposition | Ezekiel 16:6 | 17 |
| וְ/עַ֨ל | Preposition | Daniel 9:27 | 16 |
| עַל֩ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 32:51 | 16 |
| עָלֵ֑י/נוּ | Preposition | Daniel 9:13 | 16 |
| עֲלֵי/כֶ֔ם | Preposition | Amos 3:2 | 15 |
| עָלֵ֔י/נוּ | Preposition | Exodus 2:14 | 15 |
| עָלֵ֖י/נוּ | Preposition | Daniel 9:12 | 15 |
| עָלֵֽי/נוּ | Preposition | Exodus 16:7 | 15 |
| עָלַ/י֙ | Preposition | Daniel 10:8 | 15 |
| עָלָ֥י/ו | Preposition | Deuteronomy 16:3 | 15 |
| עָלֶ֑י/ךָ | Preposition | Deuteronomy 28:10 | 13 |
| עָלַ֛/י | Preposition | Ezekiel 3:22 | 13 |
| מֵ/עַ֤ל | Preposition | Amos 9:15 | 12 |
The 60 most common forms are shown; 247 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H5921, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
Most of the 4,489 Hebrew verses this word occurs in also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), so the same passages can be read in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 1:2
- Exodus 1:8
- Leviticus 1:4
- Numbers 1:18
- Deuteronomy 1:11
- Joshua 2:6
- Judges 1:14
- Ruth 1:19
- 1 Samuel 1:9
- 2 Samuel 1:2
- 1 Kings 1:13
- 2 Kings 1:9
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
