Exodus 28:10

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Exodus 28:10 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Exodus 28:10 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/exodus/28/10.

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English Translation
six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, in the order of their birth.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, in the order of their birth.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Six of their names on one stone, and the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    six of their names on one stone and the six remaining names on the second stone, according to their genealogies.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, in the order of their birth.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    six of their names on one stone and the remaining six on the other, in the order of their birth.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    six of their names on one stone and the remaining six on the other, in the order of their birth.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Six of their names on one stone, and the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, according to their birth.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, according to their birth.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    Sixe names of them vpon the one stone, and the sixe names that remaine, vpon the seconde stone, according to their generations.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    Six names on one stone, and the other six on the other, according to the order of their birth.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the remaining six on the second stone, according to their births;
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    six of their names on the first stone, and the names of the remaining six on the second stone, according to their births;
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Six of their names must be on one stone, and six names must be on the other stone, in order of the sons' birth.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    six of their names on one stone and the six remaining names on the second stone, according to their genealogies.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    six of their names on the one stone, and the six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    Six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, in the order of their birth.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    Six of their names on one stone, and the six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    six names on one stone and six on the other, in birth order.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    Six names on the one stone and six on the other, in the order of their birth.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, according to their birth.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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כְּתוֹלְדֹתָֽם
tôwlᵉdâh
H8435
“like/as · generations · their”
Preposition + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
Part of Speech
Preposition + Noun
Type
Common
Gender
Feminine
Number
Plural
State
Construct
Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H3205

TWOT: 867g

descendants, results, proceedings, generations, genealogies - account of men and their descendants - genealogical list of one's descendants - one's contemporaries - course of history (of creation etc) - begetting or account of heaven (metaphorically)
  1. שִׁשָּׁה֙ shêsh H8337 “six” Adjective, Cardinal number, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  2. מִשְּׁמֹתָ֔ם shêm H8034 “from · names · their” Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
  3. עַ֖ל ʻal H5921 “upon” Preposition
  4. הָאֶ֣בֶן ʼeben H68 “the · stone” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
  5. הָאֶחָ֑ת ʼechâd H259 “the · one” Particle, Definite Article + Adjective, Cardinal number, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
  6. וְאֶת ʼêth H853 “and · -” Conjunction + Particle, Direct Object
  7. שְׁמ֞וֹת shêm H8034 “names of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
  8. הַשִּׁשָּׁ֧ה shêsh H8337 “the · six” Particle, Definite Article + Adjective, Cardinal number, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  9. הַנּוֹתָרִ֛ים yâthar H3498 “the · remaining” Particle, Definite Article + Verb, Niphal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  10. עַל ʻal H5921 “upon” Preposition
  11. הָאֶ֥בֶן ʼeben H68 “the · stone” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
  12. הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית shênîy H8145 “the · second” Particle, Definite Article + Adjective, Ordinal number, Feminine, Singular, Absolute

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

13
words
9
distinct lemmas
Pentateuch
section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

כְּתוֹלְדֹתָֽם generations H8435 occurs in 39 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 1 verb
  • 5 nouns
  • 4 adjectives
  • 2 prepositions
  • 1 particle

Verb forms

  • הַנּוֹתָרִ֛ים Niphal · Participle Active

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • שִׁשָּׁה֙ six H8337 ×2
  • מִשְּׁמֹתָ֔ם name H8034 ×2
  • עַ֖ל upon H5921 ×2
  • הָאֶ֣בֶן stone H68 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 26 words from the Hebrew and 19 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 13 Hebrew tokens and 22 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

2

Topical passages linked to Exodus 28:10 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Genesis 43:33 They sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth, and the men marveled one with another.
  • Exodus 1:1–4 Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Exodus 28:10 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

שִׁשָּׁה֙ מִשְּׁמֹתָ֔ם עַ֖ל הָאֶ֣בֶן הָאֶחָ֑ת וְאֶת שְׁמ֞וֹת הַשִּׁשָּׁ֧ה הַנּוֹתָרִ֛ים עַל הָאֶ֥בֶן הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית כְּתוֹלְדֹתָֽם

six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that remain on the other stone, in the order of their birth.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Exodus 28:10 Septuagint · lemma form

ἕξ ὄνομα ἐπί ὁ λίθος ὁ εἷς καί ὁ ἕξ ὄνομα ὁ λοιπός ἐπί ὁ λίθος ὁ δεύτερος κατά ὁ γένεσις αὐτός

Six names on the first stone, and the other six names on the second stone, according to their births.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

2

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    שִׁתָּא מִשְׁמָהָתְהוֹן עַל אַבְנָא חֲדָא וְיָת שְׁמָהַת שִׁתָּא דְאִשְׁתָּאָרוּ עַל אַבְנָא תִנְיֵתָא כְּתוּלְדָתְהוֹן:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

  2. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    שִׁיתָּא מִן קְצַת שְׁמָהַתְהוֹן עַל מַרְגַלְיָיא חֲדָא וְיַת שְׁמָהַת שִׁיתָּא דְמִשְׁתַּיְירִין עַל מַרְגְּלִיתָא תִּנְיָתָא מְסַדְרִין הֵי כְּיַלְדוּתְהוֹן

    Six of their names shall be engraven upon one gem, and the six remaining names upon the second gem; they shall be set in the order of their nativity.

    Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Exodus 28:10 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

As they were in age, so should they be graven in order.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(10) The other six names of the rest.—Heb., the remaining six names. Either Levi was omitted, or Joseph’s name took the place of Ephraim’s and Manasseh’s.

According to their birth—i.e., in the order of their seniority.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

10. according to their birth] i.e. according to their ages; cf. Exo_6:16. Jos. (Ant. iii. 7. 5) says that the names of Jacob’s six elder sons were on the stone upon the right shoulder, and those of his six younger ones on the stone upon the left shoulder.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Six of their names on one stone,.... The names of the six eldest on the stone upon the right shoulder:

and the other six names of the rest on the other stone: the names of the six youngest on the stone upon the left shoulder; for these stones, as afterwards said, were put on the shoulders of the priests:

according to their birth; the order of it; so that upon the first stone were engraven the names of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, and Naphtali; and on the second stone the names of Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin; and so they are disposed by Jarchi, with whom Josephus agrees (a); though some Jewish writers, and particularly Maimonides (b), place them otherwise; but this seems most agreeable to the letter and sense of the text.

(a) Ut supra. (Antiqu. l. 3. c. 7. sect. 5.) (b) Hilchot Cele Hamikdash, ut supra. (c. 9. sect. 9.)

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Birth. On the right shoulder were engraven Ruben, Simeon, Juda, Dan, Nephtali, and Gad. On the left, Aser, Issachar, Zabulon, Ephraim, Manasses, and Benjamin. The high priest himself represented the tribe of Levi. (Menochius)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Levi seems to be omitted here, as being sufficiently represented by the high priest himself.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

The other six names of the rest. Literally, "The remaining six names." According to their birthi.e. , in the order of seniority or perhaps, in the order observed in Exo_1:2-4, where the children of the two legitimate wives are given the precedence.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

General Information:

Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.

With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet

"In the same way a person engraves on a seal"

engraver

a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal

signet

an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal

settings

pieces of metal that hold the stone onto the ephod

translationWords

Israel

gold

ephod

Yahweh

Aaron

sign

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

כתולדתם ACCORDING TO THEIR BIRTH — in the order in which they were born: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali upon one, and upon the other Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph and Benjamin — the last name being written full (plene, with a י before the last letter, thus: בנימין) for that is how it is written in the passage that tells of his birth (Genesis 35:18). This gives twenty-five letters on each stone (cf. Sotah 36a).

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Exodus, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 13 words (9 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is tôwlᵉdâh (“generations”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “generations” (tôwlᵉdâh) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. How does Genesis 2:4, which shares the word «generations», read alongside this verse?
  3. What does the repetition of “six” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
  4. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  5. «הַנּוֹתָרִ֛ים» is a Niphal Participle Active verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  6. Compare how Geneva Bible (1599) and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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