פָּנֶה
face
‘face’ is one of 8 main senses fuller range ↓
H6440
Strong's Hebrew
pânîym
Transliteration
/paw-neem'/
Pronunciation
Usage in the Hebrew Bible
2,127
appearances
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
BDB Definition
face
- face, faces
- presence, person
- face (of seraphim or cherubim)
- face (of animals)
- face, surface (of ground)
- as adverb of loc/temp
- before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
- with preposition
- in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
Where this word appears
See every Construct-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Both
- Attested as both masculine and feminine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Both, Plural, Construct 2,030 times (95%)
- Noun, Common, Both, Plural, Absolute 97 times (5%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 2,127 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Page 7 of 10 — showing verses 1,201–1,400 of 1,891 distinct verses where H6440 appears, across 38 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Esther 33 verses
- Esther 8:3 לִ/פְנֵ֣י לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs prep + n c bp cs Esther spoke yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and begged him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews.
- Esther 8:4 לִ/פְנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs Then the king held out to Esther the golden scepter. So Esther arose, and stood before the king.
- Esther 8:5 לְ/פָנָ֗י/ו לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms prep + n c bp cs She said, If it please the king, and if I have found favor in his sight, and the thing seem right before the king, and I be pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to reverse the letters devised by Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to destroy the Jews who are in all the king's provinces:
- Esther 8:15 מִ/לִּ/פְנֵ֣י prep + prep + n c bp cs Mordecai went forth from the presence of the king in royal clothing of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a robe of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan shouted and was glad.
- Esther 9:2 לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֔ם prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp the Jews gathered themselves together in their cities throughout all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, to lay hand on such as sought their hurt: and no man could withstand them; for the fear of them was fallen on all the peoples.
- Esther 9:11 לִ/פְנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs On that day the number of those who were slain in Shushan the palace was brought before the king.
- Esther 9:25 לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs but when [the matter] came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he had devised against the Jews, should return on his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.
Job 67 verses
- Job 1:11 פָּנֶ֖י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms But put forth your hand now, and touch all that he has, and he will renounce you to your face."
- Job 1:12 פְּנֵ֥י n c bp cs Yahweh said to Satan, "Behold, all that he has is in your power. Only on himself don't put forth your hand." So Satan went forth from the presence of Yahweh.
- Job 2:5 פָּנֶ֖י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms But put forth your hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will renounce you to your face."
- Job 2:7 פְּנֵ֣י n c bp cs So Satan went forth from the presence of Yahweh, and struck Job with painful sores from the sole of his foot to his head.
- Job 3:24 לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs For my sighing comes before I eat, My groanings are poured out like water.
- Job 4:15 פָּנַ֣/י n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs Then a spirit passed before my face; The hair of my flesh stood up.
- Job 4:19 לִ/פְנֵי prep + n c bp cs How much more, those who dwell in houses of clay, Whose foundation is in the dust, Who are crushed before the moth!
- Job 5:10 פְּנֵי פְּנֵ֥י n c bp cs n c bp cs Who gives rain on the earth, And sends waters on the fields;
- Job 6:28 פְּ֝נֵי/כֶ֗ם n c bp cs + sfx pers 2mp Now therefore be pleased to look at me, For surely I shall not lie to your face.
- Job 8:12 וְ/לִ/פְנֵ֖י conj + prep + n c bp cs While it is yet in its greenness, not cut down, It withers before any other reed.
- Job 8:16 לִ/פְנֵי prep + n c bp cs He is green before the sun, His shoots go forth over his garden.
- Job 9:24 פְּנֵֽי n c bp cs The earth is given into the hand of the wicked. He covers the faces of the judges of it. If not he, then who is it?
- Job 9:27 פָנַ֣/י n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs If I say, 'I will forget my complaint, I will put off my sad face, and cheer up;'
- Job 11:15 פָנֶ֣י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Surely then shall you lift up your face without spot; Yes, you shall be steadfast, and shall not fear:
- Job 11:19 פָנֶ֣י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Also you shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid; Yes, many shall court your favor.
- Job 13:8 הֲ/פָנָ֥י/ו ptcl inter + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Will you show partiality to him? Will you contend for God?
- Job 13:10 פָּנִ֥ים n c bp He will surely reprove you If you secretly show partiality.
- Job 13:15 פָּנָ֥י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Behold, he will kill me; I have no hope. Nevertheless, I will maintain my ways before him.
- Job 13:16 לְ֝/פָנָ֗י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms This also shall be my salvation, That a godless man shall not come before him.
- Job 13:20 מִ֝/פָּנֶ֗י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms "Only don't do two things to me; Then I will not hide myself from your face:
- Job 13:24 פָנֶ֥י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Why hide you your face, And hold me for your enemy?
- Job 14:20 פָ֝נָ֗י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms You forever prevail against him, and he passes; You change his face, and send him away.
- Job 15:4 לִ/פְנֵי prep + n c bp cs Yes, you do away with fear, And hinder devotion before God.
- Job 15:7 וְ/לִ/פְנֵ֖י conj + prep + n c bp cs "Are you the first man who was born? Or were you brought forth before the hills?
- Job 15:27 פָנָ֣י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Because he has covered his face with his fatness, And gathered fat on his loins.
- Job 16:8 בְּ/פָנַ֥/י prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs You have shriveled me up. This is a witness against me. My leanness rises up against me, It testifies to my face.
- Job 16:14 פְּנֵי n c bp cs He breaks me with breach on breach. He runs on me like a giant.
- Job 16:16 פָּנַ֣/י n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs My face is red with weeping. Deep darkness is on my eyelids.
- Job 17:6 לְ/פָנִ֣ים prep + n c bp "But he has made me a byword of the people. They spit in my face.
- Job 17:12 מִ/פְּנֵי prep + n c bp cs They change the night into day, Saying 'The light is near' in the presence of darkness.
- Job 18:17 פְּנֵי n c bp cs His memory shall perish from the earth. He shall have no name in the street.
- Job 19:29 מִ/פְּנֵי prep + n c bp cs Be afraid of the sword, For wrath brings the punishments of the sword, That you may know there is a judgment."
- Job 21:8 לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֣ם prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp Their child is established with them in their sight, Their offspring before their eyes.
- Job 21:18 לִ/פְנֵי prep + n c bp cs That they are as stubble before the wind, As chaff that the storm carries away?
- Job 21:31 פָּנָ֣י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Who shall declare his way to his face? Who shall repay him what he has done?
- Job 21:33 וּ֝/לְ/פָנָ֗י/ו conj + prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms The clods of the valley shall be sweet to him. All men shall draw after him, As there were innumerable before him.
- Job 22:8 פָ֝נִ֗ים n c bp But as for the mighty man, he had the earth. The honorable man, he lived in it.
- Job 22:26 פָּנֶֽי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms For then shall you delight yourself in the Almighty, And shall lift up your face to God.
- Job 23:4 לְ/פָנָ֣י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms I would set my cause in order before him, And fill my mouth with arguments.
- Job 23:15 מִ/פָּנָ֣י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Therefore I am terrified at his presence. When I consider, I am afraid of him.
- Job 23:17 מִ/פְּנֵי וּ֝/מִ/פָּנַ֗/י prep + n c bp cs conj + prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs Because I was not cut off before the darkness, Neither did he cover the thick darkness from my face.
- Job 24:15 פָּנִ֣ים n c bp The eye also of the adulterer waits for the twilight, Saying, 'No eye shall see me.' He disguises his face.
- Job 24:18 פְּנֵי n c bp cs "They are foam on the surface of the waters. Their portion is cursed in the earth: They don't turn into the way of the vineyards.
- Job 26:9 פְּנֵי n c bp cs He encloses the face of his throne, And spreads his cloud on it.
- Job 26:10 פְּנֵי n c bp cs He has described a boundary on the surface of the waters, And to the confines of light and darkness.
- Job 29:24 פָּ֝נַ֗/י n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs I smiled on them when they had no confidence. They didn't reject the light of my face.
- Job 30:10 וּ֝/מִ/פָּנַ֗/י conj + prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs They abhor me, they stand aloof from me, And don't hesitate to spit in my face.
- Job 30:11 מִ/פָּנַ֥/י prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs For he has untied his cord, and afflicted me; And they have thrown off restraint before me.
- Job 32:21 פְנֵי n c bp cs Please don't let me respect any man's person, Neither will I give flattering titles to any man.
- Job 33:5 לְ֝/פָנַ֗/י prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs If you can, answer me; Set your words in order before me, and stand forth.
- Job 33:26 פָּ֭נָי/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms He prays to God, and he is favorable to him, So that he sees his face with joy: He restores to man his righteousness.
- Job 34:19 פְּנֵ֥י לִ/פְנֵי n c bp cs prep + n c bp cs Who doesn't respect the persons of princes, Nor regards the rich more than the poor; For they all are the work of his hands.
- Job 34:29 פָּ֭נִים n c bp When he gives quietness, who then can condemn? When he hides his face, who then can see him? Alike whether to a nation, or to a man:
- Job 35:12 מִ֝/פְּנֵ֗י prep + n c bp cs There they cry, but none gives answer, Because of the pride of evil men.
- Job 35:14 לְ֝/פָנָ֗י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms How much less when you say you don't see him. The cause is before him, and you wait for him!
- Job 37:12 פְּנֵ֖י n c bp cs It is turned round about by his guidance, That they may do whatever he commands them On the surface of the habitable world,
- Job 37:19 מִ/פְּנֵי prep + n c bp cs Teach us what we shall tell him; For we can't make our case by reason of darkness.
- Job 38:30 וּ/פְנֵ֥י conj + n c bp cs The waters become hard like stone, When the surface of the deep is frozen.
- Job 39:22 מִ/פְּנֵי prep + n c bp cs He mocks at fear, and is not dismayed; Neither does he turn back from the sword.
- Job 40:13 פְּ֝נֵי/הֶ֗ם n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp Hide them in the dust together. Bind their faces in the hidden place.
- Job 41:10 לְ/פָנַ֥/י prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs None is so fierce that he dare stir him up. Who then is he who can stand before me?
- Job 41:13 פְּנֵ֣י n c bp cs Who can strip off his outer garment? Who shall come within his jaws?
- Job 41:14 פָ֭נָי/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Who can open the doors of his face? Around his teeth is terror.
- Job 41:22 וּ֝/לְ/פָנָ֗י/ו conj + prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms In his neck there is strength. Terror dances before him.
- Job 42:8 פָּנָ֣י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Now therefore, take to yourselves seven bulls and seven rams, and go to my servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offering; and my servant Job shall pray for you, for I will accept him, that I not deal with you according to your folly. For you have not spoken of me the thing that is right, as my servant Job has."
- Job 42:9 פְּנֵ֥י n c bp cs So Eliphaz the Temanite and Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite went, and did what Yahweh commanded them, and Yahweh accepted Job.
- Job 42:11 לְ/פָנִ֗ים prep + n c bp Then came there to him all his brothers, and all his sisters, and all those who had been of his acquaintance before, and ate bread with him in his house. They comforted him, and consoled him concerning all the evil that Yahweh had brought on him. Everyone also gave him a piece of money, and everyone a ring of gold.
Psalms 126 verses
- Psalms 3:1 מִ/פְּנֵ֤י prep + n c bp cs Yahweh, how my adversaries have increased! Many are those who rise up against me.
- Psalms 4:6 פָּנֶ֬י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Many say, "Who will show us any good?" Yahweh, let the light of your face shine on us.
- Psalms 5:8 לְ/פָנַ֣/י prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs Lead me, Yahweh, in your righteousness because of my enemies. Make your way straight before my face.
- Psalms 9:3 מִ/פָּנֶֽי/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms When my enemies turn back, They stumble and perish in your presence.
- Psalms 9:19 פָּנֶֽי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Arise, Yahweh! Don't let man prevail. Let the nations be judged in your sight.
- Psalms 10:11 פָּ֝נָ֗י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms He says in his heart, "God has forgotten. He hides his face. He will never see it."
- Psalms 11:7 פָנֵֽי/מוֹ n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms For Yahweh is righteous. He loves righteousness. The upright shall see his face.
- Psalms 13:1 פָּנֶ֣י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms How long, Yahweh? Will you forget me forever? How long will you hide your face from me?
- Psalms 16:11 פָּנֶ֑י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms You will show me the path of life. In your presence is fullness of joy. In your right hand there are pleasures forevermore.
- Psalms 17:2 מִ֭/לְּ/פָנֶי/ךָ prep + prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Let my sentence come forth from your presence; Let your eyes look on equity.
- Psalms 17:9 מִ/פְּנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs From the wicked who oppress me, My deadly enemies, who surround me.
- Psalms 17:13 פָ֭נָי/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Arise, Yahweh, Confront him, cast him down. Deliver my soul from the wicked by your sword;
- Psalms 17:15 פָנֶ֑י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms As for me, I shall see your face in righteousness; I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with seeing your form.
- Psalms 18:6 לְ/פָנָ֤י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms In my distress I called on Yahweh, And cried to my God. He heard my voice out of his temple, My cry before him came into his ears.
- Psalms 18:42 פְּנֵי n c bp cs Then I beat them small as the dust before the wind. I cast them out as the mire of the streets.
- Psalms 19:14 לְ/פָנֶ֑י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart Be acceptable in your sight, Yahweh, my rock, and my redeemer.
- Psalms 21:6 פָּנֶֽי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms For you make him most blessed forever. You make him glad with joy in your presence.
- Psalms 21:9 פָּ֫נֶ֥י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms You will make them as a fiery furnace in the time of your anger. Yahweh will swallow them up in his wrath. The fire shall devour them.
- Psalms 21:12 פְּנֵי/הֶֽם n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp For you will make them turn their back, When you aim drawn bows at their face.
- Psalms 22:24 פָּנָ֣י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms For he has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted, Neither has he hidden his face from him; But when he cried to him, he heard.
- Psalms 22:27 לְ֝/פָנֶ֗י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to Yahweh. All the relatives of the nations shall worship before you.
- Psalms 22:29 לְ/פָנָ֣י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms All the rich ones of the earth shall eat and worship. All those who go down to the dust shall bow before him, Even he who can't keep his soul alive.
- Psalms 23:5 לְ/פָנַ֨/י prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil. My cup runs over.
- Psalms 24:6 פָנֶ֖י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms This is the generation of those who seek Him, Who seek your face--even Jacob. Selah.
- Psalms 27:8 פָנָ֑/י פָּנֶ֖י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms When you said, "Seek my face," My heart said to you, "I will seek your face, Yahweh."
- Psalms 27:9 פָּנֶ֨י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Don't hide your face from me. Don't put your servant away in anger. You have been my help. Don't abandon me, Neither forsake me, God of my salvation.
- Psalms 30:7 פָנֶ֗י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms You, Yahweh, when you favored me, made my mountain to stand strong. But when you hid your face, I was troubled.
- Psalms 31:16 פָ֭נֶי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Make your face to shine on your servant. Save me in your loving kindness.
- Psalms 31:20 פָּנֶי/ךָ֮ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms In the shelter of your presence you will hide them from the plotting of man. You will keep them secretly in a dwelling away from the strife of tongues.
- Psalms 34:1 לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs I will bless Yahweh at all times. His praise will always be in my mouth.
- Psalms 34:5 וּ֝/פְנֵי/הֶ֗ם conj + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp They looked to him, and were radiant. Their faces shall never be covered with shame.
- Psalms 34:16 פְּנֵ֣י n c bp cs Yahweh's face is against those who do evil, To cut off the memory of them from the earth.
- Psalms 35:5 לִ/פְנֵי prep + n c bp cs Let them be as chaff before the wind, Yahweh's angel driving them on.
- Psalms 38:3 מִ/פְּנֵ֣י מִ/פְּנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs prep + n c bp cs There is no soundness in my flesh because of your indignation, Neither is there any health in my bones because of my sin.
- Psalms 38:5 מִ֝/פְּנֵ֗י prep + n c bp cs My wounds are loathsome and corrupt, Because of my foolishness.
- Psalms 41:12 לְ/פָנֶ֣י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms As for me, you uphold me in my integrity, And set me in your presence forever.
- Psalms 42:2 פְּנֵ֣י n c bp cs My soul thirsts for God, for the living God. When shall I come and appear before God?
- Psalms 42:5 פָּנָֽי/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Why are you in despair, my soul? Why are you disturbed within me? Hope in God! For I shall still praise him for the saving help of his presence.
- Psalms 42:11 פָּ֝נַ֗/י n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs Why are you in despair, my soul? Why are you disturbed within me? Hope in God! For I shall still praise him, The saving help of my countenance, and my God.
- Psalms 43:5 פָּ֝נַ֗/י n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs Why are you in despair, my soul? Why are you disturbed within me? Hope in God! For I shall still praise him: My Savior, my helper, and my God.
- Psalms 44:3 פָּנֶ֗י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms For they didn't get the land in possession by their own sword, Neither did their own arm save them; But your right hand, and your arm, and the light of your face, Because you were favorable to them.
- Psalms 44:15 פָּנַ֣/י n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs All day long my dishonor is before me, And shame covers my face,
- Psalms 44:16 מִ/פְּנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs At the taunt of one who reproaches and verbally abuses, Because of the enemy and the avenger.
- Psalms 44:24 פָנֶ֥י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Why do you hide your face, And forget our affliction and our oppression?
- Psalms 45:12 פָּנַ֥יִ/ךְ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2fs The daughter of Tyre comes with a gift. The rich among the people entreat your favor.
- Psalms 50:3 לְ/פָנָ֥י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Our God comes, and does not keep silent. A fire devours before him. It is very tempestuous around him.
- Psalms 51:9 פָּ֭נֶי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Hide your face from my sins, And blot out all of my iniquities.
- Psalms 51:11 מִ/לְּ/פָנֶ֑י/ךָ prep + prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Don't throw me from your presence, And don't take your holy Spirit from me.
- Psalms 55:3 מִ/פְּנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs Because of the voice of the enemy, Because of the oppression of the wicked. For they bring suffering on me. In anger they hold a grudge against me.
- Psalms 56:13 לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs For you have delivered my soul from death, And prevented my feet from falling, That I may walk before God in the light of the living.
- Psalms 57:1 מִ/פְּנֵי prep + n c bp cs Be merciful to me, God, be merciful to me, For my soul takes refuge in you. Yes, in the shadow of your wings, I will take refuge, Until disaster has passed.
- Psalms 57:6 לְ/פָנַ֣/י prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs They have prepared a net for my steps. My soul is bowed down. They dig a pit before me. They fall into the midst of it themselves. Selah.
- Psalms 60:4 מִ֝/פְּנֵ֗י prep + n c bp cs You have given a banner to those who fear you, That it may be displayed because of the truth. Selah.
- Psalms 61:3 מִ/פְּנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs For you have been a refuge for me, A strong tower from the enemy.
- Psalms 61:7 לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs He shall be enthroned in God's presence forever. Appoint your loving kindness and truth, that they may preserve him.
- Psalms 62:8 לְ/פָנָ֥י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Trust in him at all times, you people. Pour out your heart before him. God is a refuge for us. Selah.
- Psalms 67:1 פָּנָ֖י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms May God be merciful to us, bless us, And cause his face to shine on us. Selah.
- Psalms 68:1 מִ/פָּנָֽי/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Let God arise! Let his enemies be scattered! Let them who hate him also flee before him.
- Psalms 68:2 מִ/פְּנֵי מִ/פְּנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs prep + n c bp cs As smoke is driven away, So drive them away. As wax melts before the fire, So let the wicked perish at the presence of God.
- Psalms 68:3 לִ/פְנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs But let the righteous be glad. Let them rejoice before God. Yes, let them rejoice with gladness.
- Psalms 68:4 לְ/פָנָֽי/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Sing to God! Sing praises to his name! Extol him who rides on the clouds: To Yah, his name! Rejoice before him!
- Psalms 68:7 לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs God, when you went forth before your people, When you marched through the wilderness... Selah.
- Psalms 68:8 מִ/פְּנֵ֪י מִ/פְּנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs prep + n c bp cs The earth trembled. The sky also poured down rain at the presence of the God of Sinai-- At the presence of God, the God of Israel.
- Psalms 69:7 פָנָֽ/י n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cs Because for your sake, I have borne reproach. Shame has covered my face.
- Psalms 69:17 פָּ֭נֶי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Don't hide your face from your servant, For I am in distress. Answer me speedily!
- Psalms 69:22 לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֣ם prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp Let their table before them become a snare. May it become a retribution and a trap.
- Psalms 72:5 וְ/לִ/פְנֵ֥י conj + prep + n c bp cs They shall fear you while the sun endures; And as long as the moon, throughout all generations.
- Psalms 72:9 לְ֭/פָנָי/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Those who dwell in the wilderness shall bow before him. His enemies shall lick the dust.
- Psalms 72:17 לִ/פְנֵי prep + n c bp cs His name endures forever. His name continues as long as the sun. Men shall be blessed by him. All nations will call him blessed.
- Psalms 76:7 לְ/פָנֶ֗י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms You, even you, are to be feared. Who can stand in your sight when you are angry?
- Psalms 78:55 מִ/פְּנֵי/הֶ֨ם prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp He also drove out the nations before them, Allotted them for an inheritance by line, And made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.
- Psalms 79:11 לְ/פָנֶי/ךָ֮ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Let the sighing of the prisoner come before you. According to the greatness of your power, preserve those who are sentenced to death;
- Psalms 80:2 לִ/פְנֵ֤י prep + n c bp cs Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh, stir up your might! Come to save us!
- Psalms 80:3 פָּ֝נֶ֗י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Turn us again, God. Cause your face to shine, And we will be saved.
- Psalms 80:7 פָּ֝נֶ֗י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Turn us again, God of hosts. Cause your face to shine, And we will be saved.
- Psalms 80:9 לְ/פָנֶ֑י/הָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3fs You cleared the ground for it. It took deep root, and filled the land.
- Psalms 80:16 פָּנֶ֣י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms It's burned with fire. It's cut down. They perish at your rebuke.
- Psalms 80:19 פָּ֝נֶ֗י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Turn us again, Yahweh God of hosts. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved.
- Psalms 82:2 וּ/פְנֵ֥י conj + n c bp cs "How long will you judge unjustly, And show partiality to the wicked?" Selah.
- Psalms 83:13 לִ/פְנֵי prep + n c bp cs My God, make them like tumbleweed; Like chaff before the wind.
- Psalms 83:16 פְנֵי/הֶ֣ם n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp Fill their faces with confusion, That they may seek your name, Yahweh.
- Psalms 84:9 פְּנֵ֣י n c bp cs Behold, God our shield, Look at the face of your anointed.
- Psalms 85:13 לְ/פָנָ֣י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Righteousness goes before him, And prepares the way for his steps.
- Psalms 86:9 לְ/פָנֶ֣י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms All nations you have made will come and worship before you, Lord. They shall glorify your name.
- Psalms 88:2 לְ֭/פָנֶי/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Let my prayer enter into your presence. Turn your ear to my cry.
- Psalms 88:14 פָּנֶ֣י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Yahweh, why do you reject my soul? Why do you hide your face from me?
- Psalms 89:14 פָנֶֽי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne. Loving kindness and truth go before your face.
- Psalms 89:15 פָּנֶ֥י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Blessed are the people who learn to acclaim you. They walk in the light of your presence, Yahweh.
- Psalms 89:23 מִ/פָּנָ֣י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms I will beat down his adversaries before him, And strike those who hate him.
- Psalms 90:8 פָּנֶֽי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms You have set our iniquities before you, Our secret sins in the light of your presence.
- Psalms 95:2 פָנָ֣י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Let's come before his presence with thanksgiving. Let's extol him with songs!
- Psalms 95:6 לִֽ/פְנֵי prep + n c bp cs Oh come, let's worship and bow down. Let's kneel before Yahweh, our Maker,
- Psalms 96:6 לְ/פָנָ֑י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Honor and majesty are before him. Strength and beauty are in his sanctuary.
- Psalms 96:9 מִ֝/פָּנָ֗י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Worship Yahweh in holy array. Tremble before him, all the earth.
- Psalms 96:13 לִ/פְנֵ֤י prep + n c bp cs Before Yahweh; for he comes, For he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness, The peoples with his truth.
- Psalms 97:3 לְ/פָנָ֣י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms A fire goes before him, And burns up his adversaries on every side.
- Psalms 97:5 מִ/לִּ/פְנֵ֣י מִ֝/לִּ/פְנֵ֗י prep + prep + n c bp cs prep + prep + n c bp cs The mountains melt like wax at the presence of Yahweh, At the presence of the Lord of the whole earth.
- Psalms 98:6 לִ/פְנֵ֤י prep + n c bp cs With trumpets and sound of the ram's horn, Make a joyful noise before the King, Yahweh.
- Psalms 98:9 לִֽ/פְֽנֵי prep + n c bp cs Let them sing before Yahweh, For he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness, And the peoples with equity.
- Psalms 100:2 לְ֝/פָנָ֗י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Serve Yahweh with gladness. Come before his presence with singing.
- Psalms 102:1 וְ/לִ/פְנֵ֥י conj + prep + n c bp cs Hear my prayer, Yahweh! Let my cry come to you.
- Psalms 102:2 פָּנֶ֨י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Don't hide your face from me in the day of my distress. Turn your ear to me. Answer me quickly in the day when I call.
- Psalms 102:10 מִ/פְּנֵֽי prep + n c bp cs Because of your indignation and your wrath, For you have taken me up, and thrown me away.
- Psalms 102:25 לְ֭/פָנִים prep + n c bp Of old, you laid the foundation of the earth. The heavens are the work of your hands.
- Psalms 102:28 לְ/פָנֶ֥י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms The children of your servants will continue. Their seed will be established before you."
- Psalms 104:15 פָּנִ֣ים n c bp Wine that makes glad the heart of man, Oil to make his face to shine, And bread that strengthens man's heart.
- Psalms 104:29 פָּנֶי/ךָ֮ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms You hide your face: they are troubled; You take away their breath: they die, and return to the dust.
- Psalms 104:30 פְּנֵ֣י n c bp cs You send forth your Spirit: they are created. You renew the face of the ground.
- Psalms 105:4 פָנָ֣י/ו n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Seek Yahweh and his strength. Seek his face forever more.
- Psalms 105:17 לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֣ם prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3mp He sent a man before them. Joseph was sold for a slave.
- Psalms 106:23 לְ/פָנָ֑י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms Therefore he said that he would destroy them, Had Moses, his chosen, not stood before him in the breach, To turn away his wrath, so that he wouldn't destroy them.
- Psalms 106:46 לִ֝/פְנֵ֗י prep + n c bp cs He made them also to be pitied By all those who carried them captive.
- Psalms 114:7 מִ/לִּ/פְנֵ֣י מִ֝/לִּ/פְנֵ֗י prep + prep + n c bp cs prep + prep + n c bp cs Tremble, you earth, at the presence of the Lord, At the presence of the God of Jacob,
- Psalms 116:9 לִ/פְנֵ֣י prep + n c bp cs I will walk before Yahweh in the land of the living.
- Psalms 119:58 פָנֶ֣י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms I sought your favor with my whole heart. Be merciful to me according to your word.
- Psalms 119:135 פָּ֭נֶי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Make your face shine on your servant. Teach me your statutes.
- Psalms 119:169 לְ/פָנֶ֣י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Let my cry come before you, Yahweh. Give me understanding according to your word.
- Psalms 119:170 לְ/פָנֶ֑י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Let my supplication come before you. Deliver me according to your word.
- Psalms 132:10 פְּנֵ֣י n c bp cs For your servant David's sake, Don't turn away the face of your anointed one.
- Psalms 139:7 מִ/פָּנֶ֥י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Where could I go from your Spirit? Or where could I flee from your presence?
- Psalms 140:13 פָּנֶֽי/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Surely the righteous will give thanks to your name. The upright will dwell in your presence.
- Psalms 141:2 לְ/פָנֶ֑י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Let my prayer be set before you like incense; The lifting up of my hands like the evening sacrifice.
- Psalms 142:2 לְ/פָנָ֣י/ו לְ/פָנָ֥י/ו prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 3ms I pour out my complaint before him. I tell him my troubles.
- Psalms 143:2 לְ/פָנֶ֣י/ךָ prep + n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Don't enter into judgment with your servant, For in your sight no man living is righteous.
- Psalms 143:7 פָּנֶ֣י/ךָ n c bp cs + sfx pers 2ms Hurry to answer me, Yahweh. My spirit fails. Don't hide your face from me, So that I don't become like those who go down into the pit.
- Psalms 147:17 לִ/פְנֵ֥י prep + n c bp cs He hurls down his hail like pebbles. Who can stand before his cold?
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
פנים — transliterated pânîym — is a Hebrew noun carrying the sense “face.” Where the King James Version says “before,” newer translations reach for “face of” (unfoldingWord Literal Text); the renderings breakdown has the detail. It appears 1,891 verses across 38 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its most common vocabulary. Debuting at Genesis 1:2, it then recurs through the corpus. It is not a single-sense word — see its full sense range. See the sense tree, 1,891-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
Strong's · 1890
accept
Modern gloss
face
Strong's 1890 sometimes compressed multiple senses — or homonymous roots — under one number, and used 19th-century English phrasing that no longer carries the same connotation. The modern gloss reflects current BDB scholarship; open the Lexicon Entry tab for the full sense breakdown.
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About this word
Strong's H6440 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 1,891
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 1,891 distinct verses.
- 38 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 38 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #20
- by frequency
- Top 25 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 20 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 1,891 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 1,891 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 820 verses · 43%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 542 verses · 29%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 529 verses · 28%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Before 989×, Face 251×, Presence 66×
- American Standard Version†: Before 818×, Face 203×, Presence 61×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Before 459×, Face 209×, Presence 143×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Face of 688×, Face 539×, Faces 156×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H6440 across 2,087† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 178 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 22 further occurrences.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H6440 across 2,079† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 354 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H6440 across 1,833† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 150 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 285 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H6440 across 2,096† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 86 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
44 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 44 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- I.
- 1. face, faces (Je 30:6; Ez 27:35 +, cf. 1:6; 10:14, 21 etc.): e.g. Jeremiah 30:6
- a. lit., of man Gn 43:31; 2 S 19:5; 1 K 19:13; Lv 13:41; Dn 8:18; 10:9, 15 +; עוֹר פ׳ Ex 34:29, 30, 35; pale (from alarm) Is 29:22; Je 30:6, flushed Is 13:8;Ez 21:3, cf. Na 2:11; Jo 2:6; tearful Is 25:8; Jb 16:16; sad, פ׳ רעים Gn 40:7, cf.Ne 2:2, 3, also רֹעַ פ׳ Ec 7:3 i.e. sadness; יֵיטִב פ׳ Pr 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Gn 4:5, 6 why is thy face fallen (in displeasure), cf. 1 S 1:18 (reading נָֽפְלָה, נָֽפְלוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ez 7:18; whence fig. of confusion, discomfiture Je 51:51 ψ 69:8; 83:17, etc. e.g. Genesis 43:31
- b. of י׳ Ex 33:20, cf. v 23. e.g. Exodus 33:20
- c. פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gn 32:31, cf. Ju 6:22, knowing Dt 34:10, judging Ez 20:35, speaking Ex 33:11, and so פ׳ בְּפ׳ Dt 5:4; נִתְרָאֶה פָּנִים 2 K 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, cf. v 11 = 2 Ch 25:17, 21. e.g. Genesis 32:31
- d. of relations with י׳: הֵרִים פ׳ Ezr 9:6, in worship (v. also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Je 2:27; 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); נָתַן פ׳ לִדְרוֹשׁ י׳ 2 Ch 20:3; נָתַן אֶת־פ׳ אֶל־אֲדֹנָי Dn 9:3; הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ez 2:4. e.g. Ezra 9:6
- e. of י׳ himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִים מִכֶּם 2 Ch 30:9; פְּנֵי י׳ בְּעֹשֵׂי רָ֑ע ψ 34:17; גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ 80:17.—Vid. further sub 7. e.g. 2 Chronicles 30:9
- 2.
- a. = presence, person, of י׳ Ex 33:14, 15, בְּפָנָיו Dt 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Is 63:9; לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, v. לֶחֶם; of י׳ in anger La 4:16 ψ 21:10; 139:7; of Absalom; 2 S 17:11; in weakened sense, nearly = sf. (cf. נפשׁ 4 a), ψ 42:12; 43:5 Pr 7:15. e.g. Exodus 33:14
- b. c. ראה technically, see one’s face, i.e. appear before one, in one’s presence: before a man Gn 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of פ׳), (God, c. יראה pointed as Niph., v. II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gn 43:3, 5; 44:23, 26, king Ex 10:28(×2) cf. v 29 (all J), 2 S 14:24(×2), 28, 32 cf. 3:13(×2); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25;Est 1:14; implying favour of person seen, man Gn 33:10 (J), God v 10, cf. Jb 33:26 (Hiph.), and, c. חזה, ψ 11:7; 17:15. e.g. Genesis 32:21
- 3. face of seraphim Is 6:2, cherubim Ex 25:20(×2) = 37:9(×2), Ez 1:8, 11; 2 Ch 3:13 +. e.g. Isaiah 6:2
- 4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצֹּאן Gn 30:40; פ׳ אַרְיֵה וּפ׳ שׁוֹר ופ׳ נֶשֶׁר Ez 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), cf. 10:14; פ׳ אַרְיֵה also 1 Ch 12:8 (fig.), פ׳־כְפִיר Ez 41:19; פִּתְחֵי פ׳ Jb 41:6 of crocodile. e.g. Genesis 30:40
- 5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gn 2:6; 4:14; 7:4 ψ 104:30 +, so פ׳ הָאָרֶץ Gn 1:29; 7:3; 8:9; 11:4, 8, 9; 19:28; Is 24:1, פ׳ תֵבֵל Is 14:21; 27:6; of a field; Pr 24:31; פ׳ תְהוֹם Gn 1:2(×2) Jb 38:30, פ׳ הַמַּיִם Gn 7:18; פ׳ רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם 1:20; פ׳־כִסֵּה Jb 26:9 i.e. of God’s throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); פ׳ הַלּוֹט Is 25:7 v. [לוּט]; פ׳ לְבוּשׁוֹ Jb 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile’s] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ez 41:14; 47:1, פ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ 41:21; of gate 40:6, 20, 22; 42:15; 43:4; of chamber 40:44(×2), 45, 46; of pot (סִיר) Je 1:13; פ׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 S 10:9 battle-front = 1 Ch 19:10 (vb. agrees with הַמּ׳ in gender, Ges§ 146 a); = van of locust-army Jo 2:20 (opp. סֹפוֹ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ez 21:21, of axe Ec 10:10; = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Pr 27:23; פ׳ הַדָּבָר 2 S 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair. e.g. Genesis 2:6
- 6. as adv.loc. מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֹר 2 S 10:9 before and behind = פ׳ וְא׳ 1 Ch 19:10, also Ez 2:10; 2 Ch 13:14; פְּנֵי toward Ct 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2 Ch 20:16 (v. לִפְנֵי d infr.); לְפָנִים forward Je 7:24 (opp. לְאָחוֹר); מִלִּפְנִים 1 K 6:29 v. פְּנִימָה; adv.temp. לְפָנִים formerly Dt 2:12, 20; Jos 11:10; Ju 1:10, 11, 23 + 12 times; מִלְּפָנִים Is 41:26 from beforetime (‖ מֵרֹאשׁ). e.g. 2 Samuel 10:9
- 7. for other phrases see: אוֹר vb. Hiph. 5; אוֹר n. 10; בּוֹשׁ Hiph.; בקשׁ Pi. 3; בּשֶׁת 1, p. 102; [הַכָּרָה], p. 648; הָדַר 2; וָעַם Niph.; וָעַף 1; חָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָדָה; I. חָוַר; חָזַק Pi. 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph.; יְשׁוּעָה 3, p. 447; כּוּן Hiph. 3; כִּפֶּר 1, p. 497; כָּסָה Pi. 1, 2; מָאוֹר, p. 22; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא, p. 673; [נָבַט] Hiph. 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph.; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph. 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph. 1 a; סָתַר Hiph. 2; סֵתֶר 2 a; עַז, עָזַז Hiph.; עָמַד Hiph. 6 a; ii. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi.; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph.; שִׁית; II. שָׁנָה Pi.; תֹּפֶת I. עֵבֶר 2.
- 1. face, faces (Je 30:6; Ez 27:35 +, cf. 1:6; 10:14, 21 etc.): e.g. Jeremiah 30:6
- II. פְּנֵי, with prepositions:—
- 1. אֶל־פְּנֵי:
- a. to the presence of, Ex 23:17 pregn. יֵרָאֶה … אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאָדוֹן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) י׳ (‖ 34:23 אֶת־פְּנֵי הָא׳); c. יָצָא = to confront 2 Ch 19:2. e.g. Exodus 23:17
- b. to the front of, after a vb. of motion, Lv 6:7 הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ … אֶל־פְּנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, 9:5; 16:2 Nu 17:8; 20:10. e.g. Leviticus 6:7
- c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל: see p. 41), Ez 41:4, 12, 15, 25; 42:2, 3, 7, 10, 13; 45:7; 48:21. e.g. Ezekiel 41:4
- d. on to the surface of, Lv 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח … אֶל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ez 16:5. e.g. Leviticus 14:53
- 2. אֶת־פְּנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
- a. in the presence of, 1 S 2:11 אֶת־פ׳ עֵלִי 1 K 12:6 who stood אֶת־פ׳ שְׁלֹמֹה (cf. לִפְנֵי 10:8), Est 1:10; Pr 17:24; pregn. (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., 𝔖 𝔗 We Dr al.) 1 S 22:4. Spec. אֶת־פְּנֵי י׳ Gn 19:13 (1 S 2:17), v 27 1 S 2:18; and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Ex 34:23 יֵרָאֶה כָּל־זְכוּרְךָ אֶת־פ׳ הָאָדֹן, v 24 Dt 16:16 (cf. Dr), 31:11; 1 S 1:22 (‖אל־פ׳ י׳ Ex 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Ex 23:15 = 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Is 1:12, פָנֶיךָ ψ 42:3 (according to many, as GesThes Di Ex 23:15 Che Is 1:12, crit. n., the vb. in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph. to avoid the expression see the face of י׳); אֶת־פָּנֶיךָ in thy presence ψ 16:11; 21:7; 140:14. e.g. 1 Samuel 2:11
- b. in front of, Gn 33:18 וַיִּחַן אֶת־פ׳ הָעִיר, Lv 4:6 לִפְנֵי י׳ אֶת־פ׳ פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, v 17.—מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, v. II. אֵת 4 a. e.g. Genesis 33:18
- 3. בִּפְנֵי: †(a) in the face of, mostly in partic. phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Nu 12:14; Dt 25:9; התיצב to make a stand Dt 7:24; 11:25, and עמד Jos 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ 21:42; 23:9; עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Ho 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, 7:10; Jb 16:8; וְנָקֹטּוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ez 6:9, so 20:43; 36:31. †(b) in front of, Ez 42:12. e.g. Numbers 12:14
- 4. לִפְנֵי, proposes at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gn 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Ex 4:21; 11:10; 2 S 2:14; Pr 17:18 + often; after a vb. of motion, Gn 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם לפני פ׳ and set them before Ph., 27:20 כִּי הִקְרָה י׳ לפני lit. made (it) to meet before me (cf. 24:12), Ex 29:10; Pr 18:16 etc. In partic., e.g. Genesis 18:22
- a. With the implication of (a) under the eye or oversight of, Dt 25:2; 1 S 3:1. (b) under the eye and regard of, Gn 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Ho 6:2; Is 53:2 ψ 61:8; cf. Je 30:20; 31:36; Is 66:22 ψ 102:29: also 1 S 2:28; 2 S 19:14. (c) fig. for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gn 6:13 קֵץ כָּל־בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, La 1:22 תָּבֹא כָל־רָעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jon 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (cf. אֶל Gn 18:21; Ex 2:23), Is 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Je 2:22 נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי (cf. נֶגְדִּי Is 47:12). (d) openly before, 1 S 12:2 הִתְהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collat. idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 2:35, especially לפני י׳ Gn 17:1 al. (v. p. 236a). (e) in presence of the moon or sun, ψ 72:5, 17, i.e. as long as they endure. (f) free before, at the disposal of, Gn 13:9 הֲלֹא כָל־הָאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (cf. 20:15; 34:10; 47:6; Je 40:4; 2 Ch 14:6), 24:51; Ct 8:12. (g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gn 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, 10:9 a mighty hunter before י׳, Dt 24:4 תּוֹעֵבָה ל׳ י׳, v 13 צְדָקָה ל׳ י׳, 1 S 20:1b, אָרוּר ל׳ י׳ Jos 6:26; 1 S 26:19, לְרָצוֹן ל׳ י׳ acceptable before י׳, Lv 1:3 +, ψ 19:15; 2 K 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Pr 14:12 ψ 143:2; וַיִּיטַב ל׳ (late syn. of earlier בְּעֵינֵי) †Ne 2:5, 6; Est 5:14; טוֹב ל׳ Ec 2:26; 7:26; cf. also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, v. רַחֲמִים. (h) לִפְנֵי י׳, spec. of acts done with a solemn sense of י׳’s presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gn 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before י׳, before I die, Ex 18:12 to eat bread before God, Dt 1:45 ye wept before י׳, 6:25; 12:7 (to eat, so v 18 14:23, 26; 15:20), v 12 (rejoice, so v 18 27:7; Is 9:2), Jos 18:6; 24:1; Ju 11:11; 20:23, 26; 21:2; 1 S 7:6; 10:19; 11:15; 12:7; 15:33; 23:18; 2 S 5:3; 7:18; 21:9; and constantly in P, as Ex 16:9, 33, 34; Lv 1:5, 11; 3:1, 7 etc.; of residents in Jerus. Is 23:18. So in הָלַךְ ל׳ י׳ 1 K 2:4 al. (v. p. 234b c). e.g. Deuteronomy 25:2
- b. In other phrases:—(a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Dt 1:38 al. (v. עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לְפְנֵי 1 S 19:7 (cf. 29:8), 2 K 5:2; עָבַד ל׳ 2 S 16:19. (b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gn 23:12; Dt 26:10; 2 K 18:22 al. (v. sub שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1 S 1:12 +; cf. הלך לפני 1 K 12:30; 1 Ch 21:30. (c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; v. נָגַף Niph. [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: infr. 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1 S 14:13; נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Dt, as 1:8, 21; 7:2, 23; Jos 10:12; 11:6 + (Dr Dt lxxxii): cf. Ju 4:15; 2 S 5:20; Is 45:1; Je 1:17. (d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as ע׳ בִּפְנֵי, supr. 3), Ex 9:11; Ju 2:14; 2 K 10:4; Je 49:19 ψ 76:8; 147:17; Na 1:6; so with הִתְיַצֵּב Dt 9:2; Jos 1:5; Jb 41:2, קוּם Jos 7:12, 13. (e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1 Ch 14:8; 2 Ch 14:9. (f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gn 18:8; 24:33 +. (g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Dt Je), Dt 4:8; 11:26, 32; 30:1, 15, 19; 1 K 9:6 (D2), Je 9:12; 21:8; 26:4; 44:10; Dn 9:10, cf. Ez 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Ex 19:7; 21:1. e.g. Deuteronomy 1:38
- c. With reference to position: (a) in front of, before, especially with vbs. of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gn 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Ex 17:5; 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Ex 13:21, 22; Nu 10:33; Is 52:12; 58:8 +; 2 S 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gn 32:18; of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1 S 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Is 8:4; 40:10 = 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Am 9:4; La 1:5, 6. (b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Dt 10:11; Ju 9:39; 1 S 8:20; Mi 1:13 al.; cf. בא ויצא לפני (העם) Nu 27:17; 1 S 18:13, 16; 2 Ch 1:10; Ec 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was. (c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gn 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם את־אפרים לפני מנשׁה, Jb 34:19. e.g. Genesis 32:21
- d. Of places (not very common): Ex 14:2 before Pi-haḥiroth …, before Baal-ẓephon, Nu 33:7b; Gn 23:17 אשׁר ל׳ מַמְרֵא (usually על פני מ׳: v. 7 a d), 1 Ch 19:7; Ne 8:1, 3; before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Ex 16:34 + ל׳ הָעֵדֻת, 30:6 + ל׳ הַפָּרֹכֶת, 40:5, 6; Nu 3:38; 7:10 al. (all P), 1 K 6:20(?), 21; 7:49 +. e.g. Exodus 14:2
- e. Of time, before: Am 1:1 לפני הָרָֽעַשׁ׃ before the earthquake, Gn 29:26; 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Ex 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Nu 13:22; 1 K 16:25, 30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Is 43:10; 48:7; Pr 8:25; Jb 15:7 etc. Sq. inf., Gn 13:10 לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י׳ before י׳’s destroying, etc., 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֹתִי, 36:31; 1 S 9:15 +. Once, in late Heb., לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Ne 13:4. e.g. Amos 1:1
- f. In the manner of, like (rare and dub.), 1 S 1:16 אַל־תִּתֵּן אֶת־אֲמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַת־בִּלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Jb 3:24 like my food, 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (cf. Lat. pro). e.g. 1 Samuel 1:16
- 5. מִלִּפְנֵי73 from before:—
- a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; v. 6): (a) Gn 41:46 ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ׳ from before Ph. 47:10; 2 K 5:27; 6:32 +; מל׳ י׳ Gn 4:6 Cain went forth from before י׳, Jon 1:3, 10; spec. of the sanctuary, Lv 9:24 ותצא אשׁ מלפני י׳ (so 10:2), קֶצֶף Nu 17:11 (cf. 2 Ch 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lv 16:12; Nu 17:24; 20:9; 1 S 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before י׳; from before a place 1 K 8:54; Ezr 10:6 2 Ch 1:13. (b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gn 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, v 3 Ex 36:3; Dt 17:18 וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל׳ הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, 28:31 גָּזוּל מלפניך. (c) with בקשׁ Est 4:8 [cf. מִן קֳדָם Dn 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Est 1:19 [cf. Dn 2:15], Ec 10:5; 1 Ch 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (cf. Acts 3:19); ψ 17:2 מלפניך יֵצֵא משׁפטי. (d) of cutting off, etc., from before י׳ (cf. לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lv 22:3; 1 K 8:25 לֹא־יִכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ מִלְּפָנַי, Je 31:36; 33:18; Is 48:19: ψ 51:13 אַל־תַּשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנֶיךָ (cf. 8 a); Je 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, 18:23; Ne 3:37. (e) of expelling from before an invader, Ex 23:28; Dt 9:4; 11:23; 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי). e.g. Genesis 41:46
- b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with vbs. of fearing, 1 S 18:12; Ec 3:14; 8:12, 13; 1 Ch 16:30 חִילוּ מִלְּפָנָיו [‖ ψ 96:9 מפניו], ψ 114:7(×2); Est 7:6; 2 Ch 32:7 (+ מפני); failing, etc., Is 57:16 ψ 97:5; being humbled, 1 K 21:29 (+ מפני), 2 Ch 32:12, 23; 34:27 [‖ 2 K 22:19 מפני], 36:12; crying for help 1 S 8:18 [cf. מפני Ex 3:7], singing 1 Ch 16:33 [‖ ψ 96:13 לפני], fleeing 19:18 [‖ 2 S 10:18 מִפְּנֵי]. e.g. 1 Samuel 18:12
- c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Ec 1:10. With later usages of מל׳, cf. מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and 𝔗 (DrSm lxx–lxxi, lxxiii); v. also Köii. 320. Cp. מִלְּפָנִים Is 41:26 (‖מֵרֹאשׁ). e.g. Ecclesiastes 1:10
- 6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Ex 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removed from before them, Is 30:11; Ho 11:2; so e.g. Exodus 14:19
- a. (often with suggestion of causation (v. מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Ju 9:21; 1 S 21:11; 23:26; Je 35:11(×2); 37:11; 41:9; 50:16]) after vbs. of hiding Gn 3:8; 4:14; Is 2:10 (cf. v 19, 21); and especially of escaping, Ju 9:21 (Thes ‘bene 𝔙 ob metum A.’), 1 S 18:11; 19:10; 23:26, or fleeing, Ex 4:3; 14:25; 1 S 17:24 + often (v. בָּרַח and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Ex 23:30 אֲגָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, 34:11, 24 אוֹרִישׁ גּוֹיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (v. הוֹרִישׁ), Lv 18:24; Dt 8:20; Am 2:9 ψ 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel’s sake: cf. Is 63:12 בּוֹקֵעַ מַיִם מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Jos 2:10; 4:23). Pregn. Is 17:9 כַּעֲזוּבַת … אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר׳ which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc. e.g. Judges 9:21
- b. implying causation more distinctly, ψ 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at thy presence, Dt 7:20: very often with vbs. of fearing, as נור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Ex 9:30; Nu 22:3(×2); Dt 1:17; Je 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Dt 5:5; 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gn 45:3; Jos 2:9; Je 1:17; Jb 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Ex 10:3; Ju 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zp 1:7; Hb 2:20; Ju 5:5 the mts. flowed מפני י׳ at the presence of י׳, Is 63:19; Je 4:26; Na 1:5, ψ 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Dt 20:19; Is 19:1; 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך,—implying that their state was due to י׳); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gn 31:35; Lv 19:32. (N.B. In a, b, freq. rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Heb.) e.g. Psalms 9:4
- c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote: (a) Gn 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), 27:46 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, 41:31; 47:13; Ex 3:7 their cry by reason of their task-masters, 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, 9:11; Jos 2:11; 23:3; Ju 2:18; 6:6; 1 K 5:17; 8:11; + often; Is 10:27 (RVm), Je 15:17 ψ 38:4, 6, etc.; Je 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, 7:12; 9:6; 13:17; 14:16; 23:9 + often (b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Lat. prae), 1 K 8:11 Jb 37:19. †(c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conj., twice, because that, Ex 19:18; Je 44:23.—Nu 33:8 v. פִּי הַחִירֹת. e.g. Genesis 6:13
- 7. עַל־פְּנֵי (cf. Ph. עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb352) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the prep.:—
- a. From the sense of face or front: (a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): ψ 18:43 as dust before the wind (cf. לפני 35:5; 83:14 +), Gn 32:22 the present passed on על־פניו in front of him, Ex 33:19 אעביר כל־טוּבי על־פניך, 2 S 15:18, 23 (read על־פניו: v. Dr), Jb 4:15; = in the sight of, Lv 10:3 ועל־פני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Je 6:7 עַל־פָּנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, 13:26 (cf. Na 3:5), ψ 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים על־פניך before thee: defiantly, Jb 1:11 אם־לא על־ פניך יְרָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, 6:28 ועל־פניכם אם אֲכַזֵּב, 21:31; to die in the presence of any one (= in his lifetime) †Gn 11:28; Nu 3:4. (b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Dt 21:16, and perhaps (Ew§ 217 l) Ex 20:3 (Dt 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים על־פני (Thes al. as c). (c) in addition to, Jb 16:14 פֶּרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי־פֶרֵץ יִפְרְצֵנִי. (d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: v. GFM Ju., p. 351) = east of, 1 K 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v 3 7:6; 8:8; 2 Ch 3:17; Ez 42:3; Gn 16:12 על־פני כל־אחיו ישׁכן (cf. 25:18b), perhaps (Di al.) with collateral idea of defiance; עַל־פ׳ מַמְרֵא 23:19 (50:13), Ex 16:14; often in אשׁר על־פני … Gn 25:9 (49:30), מצרים v 18a (Jos 13:3 1 S 15:7), Nu 21:11; 33:7a, ירחו Dt 32:49 (34:1), Jos 13:3, 25; 15:8 (18:16), 17:7; 18:14; 19:11; Ju 16:3; 1 S 24:3 (prob.), 26:1, 3; 2 S 2:24; 1 K 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, E. of Jerus.; so 2 K 23:13; Zc 14:4), 17:3, 5.—Gn 1:20 let fowl fly על־פני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, viz. as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (e) with vbs. implying direction, over towards, Gn 18:16 וישׁקף על־פני סדם, 19:28; Nu 21:20 (23:28) נשׁקפה על־פני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lv 16:14; in a hostile sense (rare), Na 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַל־פָּנַיִךְ, ψ 21:13; Ez 32:10. e.g. Psalms 18:43
- b. From the sense of surface, Gn 1:2 על־פני תהום upon the face of the deep, Ex 16:14 על־פ׳ המדבר: often in the phrases הארץ (כל) על־פני Gn 1:29; 7:3; 11:4, and (more freq.) על־פני האדמה on the face of the ground 6:1; 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lv 17:5; Nu 19:16; 1 S 14:25 +; after vbs. of motion, 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v 8, 9; Ex 32:20; Lv 14:7 (v 53 אל), Is 18:2; 19:8; Am 5:8; Ez 32:4; Jb 5:10 +. e.g. Genesis 1:2
- 8. מֵעַל־פְּנֵי:
- a. from before the face of, Gn 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֹ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; †(פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in K Je of the rejection of Isr. or the temple, as with שִׁלַּח 1 K 9:7 (‖ 2 Ch 7:20 השׁליך), Je 15:1, השׁליך 2 K 13:23; 24:20 (Je 52:3), Je 7:15, נטשׁ Je 23:39, הסיר 2 K 17:18, 23; 23:27; 24:3; Je 32:31. e.g. Genesis 23:3
- b. from off the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., †Gn 4:14; 6:7; 7:4; 8:8; Ex 32:12; Dt 6:15; 1 S 20:15; 1 K 9:7; 13:34; Am 9:8; Je 28:16; Zp 1:2, 3. e.g. Genesis 4:14
- 1. אֶל־פְּנֵי:
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. Pr 25:23 and (Ez 21:21 = edge; on 2 S 10:9 v. infr.) f. face, also faces (as turned toward one);—pl. abs. פָּנִים Gn 32:31 +; cstr. פְּנֵי 2 S 14:32 +; sf. 1 s. פָּנַי Gn 43:3 +; 3 ms. פָּנָיו Gn 4:5 +, פָּנֵ֑ימוֹ ψ 11:7 (Köii. 1, 446); 2 mpl. פְּנֵיכֶם Gn 40:7 +, etc.;—usually c. vb. pl., Gn 4:5, 6; Ex 33:14 +; c. vb. sg. La 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, Ges§ 146 a), Pr 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, v. פֶּה);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from פנה (pânâh) (H6437) — to turn.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
פָּנִים
- c. pl. (b. h.; front, face; countenance, person. Pesik. Baḥod., p. 110ᵃ, a. e. (פ׳ זעופות) פ׳ זועפות, v. זָעַף. Mekh. B’shall., Vayassʿa, s. 2; Yalk. Ex. 258, v. חָשׁוּךְ. Gen. R. s. 91 (ref. to Gen. XLI, 56) אין פְּנֵי הארץ אלא עשירים ‘the face of the land’ means the wealthy; בזמן שאדם עשיר יש לו פ׳ שמחים וכ׳ when a man is rich, he has a countenance which is glad to see his friend, but when he is poor אין לו פ׳ לראות וכ׳ he has not the face to see (his friend), because he is ashamed &c. Keth. 7ᵇ והוא שבאו פ׳ חדשות provided a new face appears, i.e., a person that has not attended the wedding festivities before this. Ib. 8ᵃ אי איכא פ׳ חדשות if there is a new guest.—B. Kam. 96ᵇ פ׳ חדשות באו לכאן things have assumed a new face, i.e. the object after its transmutation is no longer the same as the one stolen; a. v. fr.—נשא פ׳; גלה פ׳ &c., v. נָשָׂא, גָּלָה &c.—Cant. R. to VII, 9 מהדרין פ׳, v. פָּנָה.—לחם הפ׳, v. לֶחֶם.—Euphem. פ׳ של מטה, or פ׳ pudenda. Sabb. 41ᵃ. Ber. 24ᵃ יכולה לכסות פָּנֶיהָ וכ׳ she can cover her nakedness &c. Nidd. 14ᵇ; a. fr.—Trnsf. aspect, manner, way of interpretation. Cant. R. to II, 4 התורה שנדרשת מ"ט פ׳ טהור ומ"ט פ׳ טמא the Torah on the laws of which arguments are held, forty-nine in favor of ‘clean’ (permitted), and forty nine in favor of ‘unclean’ (forbidden); Num. R. s. 2 תורה שהיא נדרשת מ"ט פ׳ the Torah which is interpreted in forty-nine ways; a. fr.—לְפָ׳ a) for appearance sake, formally. Meg. 12ᵃ הם לא עשו אלא לפ׳ … אלא לפ׳ they (in bowing to the idol) acted merely for show (yielding to force), so the Lord dealt with them merely formally (not in full earnest, ref. to Lam. III, 33).—b) in front; (of time) before this, in the past. Ḥag. II, 1 מה לפ׳ ומה לאחור what was before (creation), and what will be in the future (when the world will be no more; Gen. R. s. 1 מה בי"ת זה סתום … ופתוח מִלְּפָנָיו וכ׳ as the letter ב (of בראשית, Gen. I, 1) is closed on all sides and open in front, so art thou not permitted to ask what is above and what is below, what was before and what will be hereafter; [oth. opin. מה לפ׳ ומה לאחור what is in the extreme east beyond the sphere, and what in the west; v., however, Rashi Hag. l. c. (Ḥag. 11ᵇ), a. Ḥag. 16ᵃ].—Ber. 5ᵇ לפני מטתי in front of my bed, expl. סמוך למיטתי immediately after rising. Ib. 7ᵃ, a. fr. יהי רצון מִלְּפָנֶיךָ (abbrev. יהר"מ may it be thy will. Ib. יהי רצון מִלְּפָנַי may it be my will. Ib. שלשה דברים בקש משה מִלִּפְנֵי וכ׳ for three things Moses prayed I before the Lord. Ib. I, 4 שתים לְפָנֶיהָ two benedictions preceding it (the reading of the Sh’mʿa); a. v. fr.—Sifra Vayikra, Ḥobah, Par. 13, ch. XXIII אמש ושֶׁלְּפָנָיו ושֶׁלִּפְנֵי פנָיו yesterday and the day before yesterday, and the day before that.—לִפְנֵי עִוֵּר (also לפני only, v. עִוֵּר I) the law prohibiting an act which may lead a person to sin (Lev. XIX, 14). Ab. Zar. 14ᵃ וליחוש … אל׳ מפקדינן אל׳ דל׳ לא וכ׳ (Ms. M. אל׳ עור) but should we not apprehend, that he might sell (the incense) to others, who will burn it for idols? Said A., we are commanded to guard against an act directly leading to sin, but not against one that may indirectly cause sin; ib. 21ᵃ.—מִפְּנֵי for the sake of, on account of; מפני ש־ because. Sabb. II, 5 מ׳ שהוא מתיירא מ׳ גוים וכ׳ because he is afraid of invaders, of robbers, or of an evil wind. Ber. I, 3 וסכנתי בעצמי מ׳ וכ׳, v. סָכַן II. Ib. 3ᵃ מ׳ מה נכנסת וכ׳ why didst thou enter these ruins? Ib. מ׳ שלשה דברים for three reasons; מ׳ חשד because you give cause to suspicion; מ׳ המפולת because debris may fall on you; מ׳ המזיקין on account of demons; a. v. fr.—בִּפְנֵי in the presence of. Ib.ᵇ ב׳ המת in the presence of a dead person. Ib. 31ᵇ המורה הלכה ב׳ רבו he who gives a decision in his teacher’s presence; a. v. fr.—Kidd. 64ᵇ הנודר עד פְּנֵי פסח וכ׳; Ned. VIII, 2 הנודר עד לִפְנֵי הפסח וכ׳ if one says in his vow, ‘until p’né (lifné) Passover’, R. M. says, he is bound until Passover begins; R. J. says, until it is passed; Kidd. 65ᵃ, v. פְּנֵי I. e.g. Genesis 41:56
פְּנִים
- v. I Kings VI, 29; preced., cmp. ἐνώπια) [that which is in front of you when you enter,] inside, interior; לִפְנַי (וְ)לִפְ׳ the innermost. Tosef. Yom. II, 5 היו מסיקין מבחוץ והיה נאפה ונרדה מבפ׳ they heated the oven towards the outside (placed the fuel in front), and it (the show-bread) was baked and shoveled out from the interior; Yoma 38ᵃ, v. נָסַק. B. Mets. 16ᵃ זו אינה צריכה לפ׳ this (question) need not be brought inside (the college); צריכה לפ׳ ולפני לפ׳ it must be brought inside and even to the innermost. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ bot. יכנס … לפ׳ let R. Ḥ. the elder go into the interior (to the front benches); לפ׳ ממני in front of me?; ר׳ … לפ׳ ור׳ ישמעאל … לפני לפ׳ R. Ḥ. … to the interior, R. I. … to the innermost (the very first); Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ bot. לפני ולפ׳. Y. Yeb. VI, 7ᶜ אחותו לעולם היא (מִ)בִּפְ׳ וכ׳ a priest’s sister is always inside (a member of the priestly family), until she steps outside (by marriage). Sabb. I, 1; a. v. fr.—לפ׳ משורת הדין, v. דִּין II.—Esp. the Temple precincts, the Temple and the priests’ court; לפני ולפ׳ the innermost, Holy of Holies. Ab. Zar. 50ᵃ בעינא כעין פ׳ (for a gift to an idol to be permanently forbidden for use, even after cancellation,) it is required that it be like the offerings in the interior Temple (sacrifices, incense &c., to the exclusion of votive gifts like candles, jewels &c.). Men. 9ᵃ לא בעיא בפ׳ must not necessarily be done within the Temple precincts, opp. to חוץ לחומת העזרה. Ib. נהי … פ׳ מיהת בעיא although it may be done by a non-priest, it must at least be done within &c. Y. Yoma V, 42ᵇ bot. כלפי לפ׳ towards the interior; a. fr.—Ib.; Y. Kil. VIII, 31ᶜ bot. מהו מבפ׳ (מהו) מבחוץ does it belong inside (to the Holy of Holies) or outside (to the Holy)?, v. טְרַקְסִין. e.g. 1 Kings 6:29
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 386 distinct written forms H6440 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 326 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H6440, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 8 — not the complete family. 2 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 1,786 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 1,891 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 1:2
- Exodus 1:12
- Leviticus 1:3
- Numbers 3:4
- Deuteronomy 1:8
- Joshua 1:5
- Judges 1:10
- Ruth 2:10
- 1 Samuel 1:12
- 2 Samuel 2:14
- 1 Kings 1:2
- 2 Kings 1:15
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
