ποιέω
to make
‘to make’ is one of 15 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
See every Aorist-tense verb in the Greek New Testament →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Tense
- Aorist
- Action viewed as a simple whole, without regard to duration — often past (perfective aspect).
- Present
- Ongoing or general action in present time (imperfective aspect).
- Future
- Action expected in future time.
- Imperfect
- Continuous or repeated action in past time (“was writing”).
- Perfect
- A completed past action with continuing present results.
- Pluperfect
- A past action completed before another past point (“had written”).
Voice
- Active
- The subject performs the action.
- Middle
- The subject acts on or for itself, or with special interest in the action.
- Middle deponent
- Middle in form but active in meaning.
- Passive
- The subject receives the action.
Mood
- Indicative
- States a fact or asks a factual question (the mood of reality).
- Infinitive
- A verbal noun (“to write”), unmarked for person or number.
- Participle
- A verbal adjective (“writing,” “having written”).
- Subjunctive
- Expresses probability, purpose, or possibility (the mood of contingency).
- Imperative
- Expresses a command or request.
- Optative
- Expresses a wish or a remote possibility.
Case
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
- Accusative
- The case of the direct object and of extent.
- Dative
- The case of the indirect object, means, or location — “to / for / with / in.”
- Genitive
- The case of source, possession, or “of” — answers “whose / from what.”
Person
- 3rd person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 1st person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
- 2nd person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Neuter
- Grammatically neuter.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one.
Page 1 of 2 — showing verses 1–200 of 207 distinct verses where G4160 appears in the Present tense, across 24 books. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
Matthew 30 verses
- Matthew 3:3 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl For this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying, "The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight."
- Matthew 3:10 ποιοῦν pres act ptcp nom sg neut "Even now the axe lies at the root of the trees. Therefore, every tree that doesn't bring forth good fruit is cut down, and cast into the fire.
- Matthew 5:32 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg but I tell you that whoever puts away his wife, except for the cause of sexual immorality, makes her an adulteress; and whoever marries her when she is put away commits adultery.
- Matthew 5:46 ποιοῦσιν pres act ind 3pl For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Don't even the tax collectors do the same?
- Matthew 5:47 ποιεῖτε ποιοῦσιν pres act ind 2pl pres act ind 3pl If you only greet your friends, what more do you do than others? Don't even the tax collectors do the same?
- Matthew 6:1 ποιεῖν pres act inf "Be careful that you don't do your charitable giving before men, to be seen by them, or else you have no reward from your Father who is in heaven.
- Matthew 6:2 ποιῇς ποιοῦσιν pres act subj 2sg pres act ind 3pl Therefore when you do merciful deeds, don't sound a trumpet before yourself, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may get glory from men. Most assuredly I tell you, they have received their reward.
- Matthew 6:3 ποιοῦντος ποιεῖ pres act ptcp gen sg masc pres act ind 3sg But when you do merciful deeds, don't let your left hand know what your right hand does,
- Matthew 7:12 ποιῶσιν ποιεῖτε pres act subj 3pl pres act impv 2pl Therefore whatever you desire for men to do to you, you shall also do to them; for this is the law and the prophets.
- Matthew 7:17 ποιεῖ ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg pres act ind 3sg Even so, every good tree produces good fruit; but the corrupt tree produces evil fruit.
- Matthew 7:19 ποιοῦν pres act ptcp nom sg neut Every tree that doesn't grow good fruit is cut down, and thrown into the fire.
- Matthew 7:21 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven; but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven.
- Matthew 7:24 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg "Everyone therefore who hears these words of mine, and does them, I will liken him to a wise man, who built his house on a rock.
- Matthew 7:26 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Everyone who hears these words of mine, and doesn't do them will be like a foolish man, who built his house on the sand.
- Matthew 8:9 ποίησον ποιεῖ aor act impv 2sg pres act ind 3sg For I am also a man under authority, having under myself soldiers. I tell this one, 'Go,' and he goes; and tell another, 'Come,' and he comes; and tell my servant, 'Do this,' and he does it."
- Matthew 12:2 ποιοῦσιν ποιεῖν pres act ind 3pl pres act inf But the Pharisees, when they saw it, said to him, "Behold, your disciples do what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath."
- Matthew 12:12 ποιεῖν pres act inf Of how much more value then is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath day."
- Matthew 13:23 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg What was sown on the good ground, this is he who hears the word, and understands it, who most assuredly bears fruit, and brings forth, some one hundred times as much, some sixty, and some thirty."
- Matthew 13:41 ποιοῦντας pres act ptcp acc pl masc The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will gather out of his Kingdom all things that cause stumbling, and those who do iniquity,
- Matthew 21:13 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl He said to them, "It is written, 'My house shall be called a house of prayer,' but you have made it a den of robbers!"
- Matthew 21:23 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg When he had come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him as he was teaching, and said, "By what authority do you do these things? Who gave you this authority?"
- Matthew 21:24 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg Jesus answered them, "I also will ask you one question, which if you tell me, I likewise will tell you by what authority I do these things.
- Matthew 21:27 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg They answered Jesus, and said, "We don't know." He also said to them, "Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.
- Matthew 21:43 ποιοῦντι pres act ptcp dat sg neut "Therefore I tell you, the Kingdom of God will be taken away from you, and will be given to a nation bringing forth its fruits.
- Matthew 23:3 ποιήσατε ποιεῖτε ποιοῦσιν aor act impv 2pl pres act impv 2pl pres act ind 3pl All things therefore whatever they tell you to observe, observe and do, but don't do their works; for they say, and don't do.
- Matthew 23:5 ποιοῦσιν pres act ind 3pl But all their works they do to be seen by men. They make their phylacteries broad, enlarge the fringes of their garments,
- Matthew 23:15 ποιῆσαι ποιεῖτε aor act inf pres act ind 2pl Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel around by sea and land to make one proselyte; and when he becomes one, you make him twice as much of a son of Gehenna as yourselves.
- Matthew 24:46 ποιοῦντα pres act ptcp acc sg masc Blessed is that servant whom his lord finds doing so when he comes.
- Matthew 26:18 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg He said, "Go into the city to a certain person, and tell him, 'The Teacher says, "My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples."'"
- Matthew 26:73 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg After a little while those who stood by came and said to Peter, "Surely you are also one of them, for your speech makes you known."
Mark 11 verses
- Mark 1:3 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl The voice of one crying in the wilderness, 'Make ready the way of the Lord! Make his paths straight!'"
- Mark 2:23 ποιεῖν pres act inf It happened that he was going on the Sabbath day through the grain fields, and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of grain.
- Mark 2:24 ποιοῦσιν pres act ind 3pl The Pharisees said to him, "Behold, why do they do that which is not lawful on the Sabbath day?"
- Mark 4:32 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg yet when it is sown, grows up, and becomes greater than all the herbs, and puts out great branches, so that the birds of the sky can lodge under its shadow."
- Mark 7:13 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl making void the word of God by your tradition, which you have handed down. You do many things like this."
- Mark 7:37 πεποίηκεν ποιεῖ perf act ind 3sg pres act ind 3sg They were astonished beyond measure, saying, "He has done all things well. He makes even the deaf hear, and the mute speak!"
- Mark 11:3 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl If anyone asks you, 'Why are you doing this?' say, 'The Lord needs him;' and immediately he will send him back here."
- Mark 11:5 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl Some of those who stood there asked them, "What are you doing, untying the young donkey?"
- Mark 11:28 ποιεῖς ποιῇς pres act ind 2sg pres act subj 2sg and they began saying to him, "By what authority do you do these things? Or who gave you this authority to do these things?"
- Mark 11:29 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg Jesus said to them, "I will ask you one question. Answer me, and I will tell you by what authority I do these things.
- Mark 11:33 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg They answered Jesus, "We don't know." Jesus said to them, "Neither do I tell you by what authority I do these things."
Luke 24 verses
- Luke 3:4 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, "The voice of one crying in the wilderness, 'Make ready the way of the Lord. Make his paths straight.
- Luke 3:9 ποιοῦν pres act ptcp nom sg neut Even now the axe also lies at the root of the trees. Every tree therefore that doesn't bring forth good fruit is cut down, and thrown into the fire."
- Luke 3:11 ποιείτω pres act impv 3sg He answered them, "He who has two coats, let him give to him who has none. He who has food, let him do likewise."
- Luke 5:33 ποιοῦνται pres mid ind 3pl They said to him, "Why do John's disciples often fast and pray, likewise also the disciples of the Pharisees, but yours eat and drink?"
- Luke 6:2 ποιεῖτε ποιεῖν pres act ind 2pl pres act inf But some of the Pharisees said to them, "Why do you do that which is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day?"
- Luke 6:27 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl "But I tell you who hear: love your enemies, do good to those who hate you,
- Luke 6:31 ποιῶσιν ποιεῖτε pres act subj 3pl pres act impv 2pl "As you would like people to do to you, do exactly so to them.
- Luke 6:33 ποιοῦσιν pres act ind 3pl If you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same.
- Luke 6:43 ποιοῦν ποιοῦν pres act ptcp nom sg neut pres act ptcp nom sg neut For there is no good tree that brings forth rotten fruit; nor again a rotten tree that brings forth good fruit.
- Luke 6:46 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl "Why do you call me, 'Lord, Lord,' and don't do the things which I say?
- Luke 6:47 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Everyone who comes to me, and hears my words, and does them, I will show you who he is like.
- Luke 7:8 ποίησον ποιεῖ aor act impv 2sg pres act ind 3sg For I also am a man placed under authority, having under myself soldiers. I tell this one, 'Go!' and he goes; and to another, 'Come!' and he comes; and to my servant, 'Do this,' and he does it."
- Luke 8:21 ποιοῦντες pres act ptcp nom pl masc But he answered them, "My mother and my brothers are these who hear the word of God, and do it."
- Luke 10:28 ποίει pres act impv 2sg He said to him, "You have answered correctly. Do this, and you will live."
- Luke 10:37 ποιήσας ποίει aor act ptcp nom sg masc pres act impv 2sg He said, "He who showed mercy on him." Then Jesus said to him, "Go and do likewise."
- Luke 12:43 ποιοῦντα pres act ptcp acc sg masc Blessed is that servant whom his lord will find doing so when he comes.
- Luke 13:22 ποιούμενος pres mid ptcp nom sg masc He went on his way through cities and villages, teaching, and traveling on to Jerusalem.
- Luke 14:12 ποιῇς pres act subj 2sg He also said to the one who had invited him, "When you make a dinner or a supper, don't call your friends, nor your brothers, nor your kinsmen, nor rich neighbors, or perhaps they might also return the favor, and pay you back.
- Luke 14:13 ποιῇς pres act subj 2sg But when you make a feast, ask the poor, the maimed, the lame, or the blind;
- Luke 20:2 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg They asked him, "Tell us: by what authority do you do these things? Or who is giving you this authority?"
- Luke 20:8 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg Jesus said to them, "Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things."
- Luke 22:19 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl He took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and gave to them, saying, "This is my body which is given for you. Do this in memory of me."
- Luke 23:31 ποιοῦσιν pres act ind 3pl For if they do these things in the green tree, what will be done in the dry?"
- Luke 23:34 ποιοῦσιν pres act ind 3pl Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they don't know what they are doing." Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots.
John 48 verses
- John 2:16 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl To those who sold the doves, he said, "Take these things out of here! Don't make my Father's house a marketplace!"
- John 2:18 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg The Jews therefore answered him, "What sign do you show us, seeing that you do these things?"
- John 3:2 ποιεῖν ποιεῖς pres act inf pres act ind 2sg The same came to him by night, and said to him, "Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do, unless God is with him."
- John 3:21 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc But he who does the truth comes to the light, that his works may be revealed, that they have been done in God."
- John 4:1 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg Therefore when the Lord knew that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John
- John 4:34 ποιῶ pres act subj 1sg Jesus said to them, "My food is to do the will of him who sent me, and to accomplish his work.
- John 5:18 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc For this cause therefore the Jews sought all the more to kill him, because he not only broke the Sabbath, but also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God.
- John 5:19 ποιεῖν ποιοῦντα ποιῇ ποιεῖ pres act inf pres act ptcp acc sg masc pres act subj 3sg pres act ind 3sg Jesus therefore answered them, "Most assuredly, I tell you, the Son can do nothing of himself, but what he sees the Father doing. For whatever things he does, these the Son also does likewise.
- John 5:20 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg For the Father has affection for the Son, and shows him all things that he himself does. He will show him greater works than these, that you may marvel.
- John 5:27 ποιεῖν pres act inf He also gave him authority to execute judgment, because he is a son of man.
- John 5:30 ποιεῖν pres act inf I can of myself do nothing. As I hear, I judge, and my judgment is righteous; because I don't seek my own will, but the will of my Father who sent me.
- John 5:36 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg But the testimony which I have is greater than that of John, for the works which the Father gave me to accomplish, the very works that I do, testify about me, that the Father has sent me.
- John 6:6 ποιεῖν pres act inf This he said to test him, for he himself knew what he would do.
- John 6:28 ποιῶμεν pres act subj 1pl They said therefore to him, "What must we do, that we may work the works of God?"
- John 6:30 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg They said therefore to him, "What then do you do for a sign, that we may see, and believe you? What work do you do?
- John 7:3 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg His brothers therefore said to him, "Depart from here, and go into Judea, that your disciples also may see your works which you do.
- John 7:4 ποιεῖ ποιεῖς pres act ind 3sg pres act ind 2sg For no one does anything in secret, and himself seeks to be known openly. If you do these things, reveal yourself to the world."
- John 7:17 ποιεῖν pres act inf If anyone desires to do his will, he will know about the teaching, whether it is from God, or if I am speaking from myself.
- John 7:19 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg Didn't Moses give you the law, and yet none of you keeps the law? Why do you seek to kill me?"
- John 7:31 ποιήσει ποιεῖ fut act ind 3sg pres act ind 3sg But of the multitude, many believed in him. They said, "When the Christ comes, he won't do more signs than those which this man has done, will he?"
- John 7:51 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg "Does our law judge a man, unless it first hears from him personally and knows what he does?"
- John 8:28 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg Jesus therefore said to them, "When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am he, and I do nothing of myself, but as my Father taught me, I say these things.
- John 8:29 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg He who sent me is with me. The Father hasn't left me alone, for I always do the things that are pleasing to him."
- John 8:34 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Jesus answered them, "Most assuredly I tell you, everyone who commits sin is the bondservant of sin.
- John 8:38 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl I say the things which I have seen with my Father; and you also do the things which you have seen with your father."
- John 8:41 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl You do the works of your father." They said to him, "We were not born of sexual immorality. We have one Father, God."
- John 8:44 ποιεῖν pres act inf You are of your Father, the devil, and you want to do the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning, and doesn't stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks on his own; for he is a liar, and the father of it.
- John 8:53 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg Are you greater than our father, Abraham, who died? The prophets died. Who do you make yourself out to be?"
- John 9:16 ποιεῖν pres act inf Some therefore of the Pharisees said, "This man is not from God, because he doesn't keep the Sabbath." Others said, "How can a man who is a sinner do such signs?" There was division among them.
- John 9:31 ποιῇ pres act subj 3sg We know that God doesn't listen to sinners, but if anyone is a worshipper of God, and does his will, he listens to him.
- John 9:33 ποιεῖν pres act inf If this man were not from God, he could do nothing."
- John 10:25 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg Jesus answered them, "I told you, and you don't believe. The works that I do in my Father's name, these testify about me.
- John 10:33 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg The Jews answered him, "We don't stone you for a good work, but for blasphemy: because you, being a man, make yourself God."
- John 10:37 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg If I don't do the works of my Father, don't believe me.
- John 10:38 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg But if I do them, though you don't believe me, believe the works; that you may know and believe that the Father is in me, and I in the Father."
- John 11:47 ποιοῦμεν ποιεῖ pres act ind 1pl pres act ind 3sg The chief priests therefore and the Pharisees gathered a council, and said, "What are we doing? For this man does many signs.
- John 13:7 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg Jesus answered him, "You don't know what I am doing now, but you will understand later."
- John 13:15 ἐποίησα ποιῆτε aor act ind 1sg pres act subj 2pl For I have given you an example, that you also should do as I have done to you.
- John 13:17 ποιῆτε pres act subj 2pl If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them.
- John 13:27 ποιεῖς ποίησον pres act ind 2sg aor act impv 2sg After the piece of bread, then Satan entered into him. Then Jesus said to him, "What you do, do quickly."
- John 14:10 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg Don't you believe that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? The words that I tell you, I speak not from myself; but the Father who lives in me does his works.
- John 14:12 ποιῶ ποιήσει ποιήσει pres act ind 1sg fut act ind 3sg fut act ind 3sg Most assuredly I tell you, he who believes in me, the works that I do, he will do also; and greater works than these will he do; because I am going to my Father.
- John 14:31 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg But that the world may know that I love the Father, and as the Father commanded me, even so I do. Arise, let us go from here.
- John 15:5 ποιεῖν pres act inf I am the vine. You are the branches. He who remains in me, and I in him, the same bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing.
- John 15:14 ποιῆτε pres act subj 2pl You are my friends, if you do whatever I command you.
- John 15:15 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg No longer do I call you servants, for the servant doesn't know what his lord does. But I have called you friends, for everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you.
- John 18:30 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc They answered him, "If this man weren't an evildoer, we wouldn't have delivered him up to you."
- John 19:12 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc At this, Pilate was seeking to release him, but the Jews cried out, saying, "If you release this man, you aren't Caesar's friend! Everyone who makes himself a king speaks against Caesar!"
Acts 15 verses
- Acts 1:1 ἐποιησάμην ποιεῖν aor mid ind 1sg pres act inf The first book I wrote, Theophilus, concerned all that Jesus began both to do and to teach,
- Acts 7:19 ποιεῖν pres act inf The same took advantage of our race, and mistreated our fathers, and forced them to throw out their babies, so that they wouldn't stay alive.
- Acts 9:6 ποιεῖν pres act inf But rise up, and enter into the city, and you will be told what you must do."
- Acts 10:2 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc a devout man, and one who feared God with all his house, who gave gifts for the needy generously to the people, and always prayed to God.
- Acts 14:15 ποιεῖτε ἐποίησεν pres act ind 2pl aor act ind 3sg "Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men of like passions with you, and bring you good news, that you should turn from these vain things to the living God, who made the sky and the earth and the sea, and all that is in them;
- Acts 15:17 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc That the rest of men may seek after the Lord; All the Gentiles who are called by my name, Says the Lord, who does all these things.
- Acts 16:21 ποιεῖν pres act inf and set forth customs which it is not lawful for us to accept or to observe, being Romans."
- Acts 16:30 ποιεῖν pres act inf and brought them out and said, "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?"
- Acts 19:14 ποιοῦντες pres act ptcp nom pl masc There were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, who did this.
- Acts 19:24 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc For a certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith, who made silver shrines of Artemis, brought no little business to the craftsmen,
- Acts 20:24 ποιοῦμαι pres mid ind 1sg But these things don't count; nor do I hold my life dear to myself, so that I may finish my race with joy, and the ministry which I received from the Lord Jesus, to fully testify to the Gospel of the grace of God.
- Acts 21:13 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl Then Paul answered, "What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be bound, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus."
- Acts 22:26 ποιεῖν pres act inf When the centurion heard it, he went to the commanding officer and told him, "Watch what you are about to do, for this man is a Roman!"
- Acts 24:12 ποιοῦντα pres act ptcp acc sg masc In the temple they didn't find me disputing with anyone or stirring up a crowd, either in the synagogues, or in the city.
- Acts 25:3 ποιοῦντες pres act ptcp nom pl masc asking a favor against him, that he would summon him to Jerusalem; plotting to kill him on the way.
Romans 16 verses
- Romans 1:9 ποιοῦμαι pres mid ind 1sg For God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the Gospel of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you always in my prayers,
- Romans 1:28 ποιεῖν pres act inf Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;
- Romans 1:32 ποιοῦσιν pres act ind 3pl who, knowing the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them.
- Romans 2:3 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Do you think this, O man who judges those who practice such things, and do the same, that you will escape the judgment of God?
- Romans 2:14 ποιῶσιν pres act subj 3pl (for when Gentiles who don't have the law do by nature the things of the law, these, not having the law, are a law to themselves,
- Romans 3:12 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc They have all turned aside. They have together become unprofitable. There is no one who does good, No, not, so much as one."
- Romans 7:15 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg For I don't know what I am doing. For I don't practice what I desire to do; but what I hate, that I do.
- Romans 7:16 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg But if what I don't desire, that I do, I consent to the law that it is good.
- Romans 7:19 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg For the good which I desire, I don't do; but the evil which I don't desire, that I practice.
- Romans 7:20 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg But if what I don't desire, that I do, it is no more I that do it, but sin which dwells in me.
- Romans 7:21 ποιεῖν pres act inf I find then the law, that, to me, while I desire to do good, evil is present.
- Romans 12:20 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Therefore "If your enemy is hungry, feed him. If he is thirsty, give him a drink. For in doing so, you will heap coals of fire on his head."
- Romans 13:3 ποίει pres act impv 2sg For rulers are not a terror to the good work, but to the evil. Do you desire to have no fear of the authority? Do that which is good, and you will have praise from the same,
- Romans 13:4 ποιῇς pres act subj 2sg for he is a servant of God to you for good. But if you do that which is evil, be afraid, for he doesn't bear the sword in vain; for he is a minister of God, an avenger for wrath to him who does evil.
- Romans 13:14 ποιεῖσθε pres mid impv 2pl But put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh, for its lusts.
- Romans 16:17 ποιοῦντας pres act ptcp acc pl masc Now I beg you, brothers, look out for those who are causing the divisions and occasions of stumbling, contrary to the doctrine which you learned, and turn away from them.
1 Corinthians 6 verses
- 1 Corinthians 7:36 ποιείτω pres act impv 3sg But if any man thinks that he is behaving inappropriately toward his virgin, if she is past the flower of her age, and if need so requires, let him do what he desires. He doesn't sin. Let them marry.
- 1 Corinthians 7:38 ποιεῖ ποιήσει pres act ind 3sg fut act ind 3sg So then both he who gives his own virgin in marriage does well, and he who doesn't give her in marriage does better.
- 1 Corinthians 9:23 ποιῶ pres act ind 1sg Now I do this for the Gospel's sake, that I may be a joint partaker of it.
- 1 Corinthians 10:31 ποιεῖτε ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl pres act impv 2pl Whether therefore you eat, or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.
- 1 Corinthians 11:24 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl When he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "Take, eat. This is my body, which is broken for you. Do this in memory of me."
- 1 Corinthians 11:25 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl In the same way he also took the cup, after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink, in memory of me."
2 Corinthians 2 verses
- 2 Corinthians 11:12 ποιῶ ποιήσω pres act ind 1sg fut act ind 1sg But what I do, that I will do, that I may cut off occasion from them that desire an occasion, that in which they boast, they may be found even as we.
- 2 Corinthians 13:7 ποιῆσαι ποιῆτε aor act inf pres act subj 2pl Now I pray to God that you do no evil; not that we may appear approved, but that you may do that which is honorable, though we are as reprobate.
Galatians 2 verses
- Galatians 5:17 ποιῆτε pres act subj 2pl For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one other, that you may not do the things that you desire.
- Galatians 6:9 ποιοῦντες pres act ptcp nom pl masc Let us not be weary in doing good, for we will reap in due season, if we don't give up.
Ephesians 6 verses
- Ephesians 1:16 ποιούμενος pres mid ptcp nom sg masc don't cease to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers,
- Ephesians 2:3 ποιοῦντες pres act ptcp nom pl masc among whom we also all once lived in the lust of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest.
- Ephesians 2:15 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc having abolished in the flesh the hostility, the law of commandments contained in ordinances, that he might create in himself one new man of the two, making peace;
- Ephesians 4:16 ποιεῖται pres mid ind 3sg from whom all the body, being fitted and knit together through that which every joint supplies, according to the working in measure of each individual part, makes the body increase to the building up of itself in love.
- Ephesians 6:6 ποιοῦντες pres act ptcp nom pl masc not in the way of service only when eyes are on you, as men-pleasers; but as servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart;
- Ephesians 6:9 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl You masters, do the same things to them, and give up threatening, knowing that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no partiality with him.
Philippians 2 verses
Colossians 2 verses
1 Thessalonians 3 verses
- 1 Thessalonians 1:2 ποιούμενοι pres mid ptcp nom pl masc We always give thanks to God for all of you, mentioning you in our prayers,
- 1 Thessalonians 4:10 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl for indeed you do it toward all the brothers who are in all Macedonia. But we exhort you, brothers, that you abound more and more;
- 1 Thessalonians 5:11 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl Therefore exhort one another, and build each other up, even as you also do.
2 Thessalonians 1 verse
1 Timothy 3 verses
- 1 Timothy 2:1 ποιεῖσθαι pres pass inf I exhort therefore, first of all, that petitions, prayers, intercessions, and givings of thanks, be made for all men:
- 1 Timothy 4:16 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Pay attention to yourself, and to your teaching. Continue in these things, for in doing this you will save both yourself and those who hear you.
- 1 Timothy 5:21 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc I charge you in the sight of God, and Christ Jesus, and the chosen angels, that you observe these things without prejudice, doing nothing by partiality.
Philemon 1 verse
Hebrews 4 verses
- Hebrews 1:7 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Of the angels he says, "Who makes his angels winds, And his servants a flame of fire."
- Hebrews 12:13 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl and make straight paths for your feet, so that which is lame may not be dislocated, but rather be healed.
- Hebrews 13:17 ποιῶσιν pres act subj 3pl Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they watch on behalf of your souls, as those who will give account, that they may do this with joy, and not with groaning, for that would be unprofitable for you.
- Hebrews 13:21 ποιῆσαι ποιῶν aor act inf pres act ptcp nom sg masc make you complete in every good work to do his will, working in you that which is well pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory forever and ever. Amen.
James 5 verses
- James 2:8 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl However, if you fulfill the royal law, according to the Scripture, "You shall love your neighbor as yourself," you do well.
- James 2:12 ποιεῖτε pres act impv 2pl So speak, and so do, as men who are to be judged by a law of freedom.
- James 2:19 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg You believe that God is one. You do well. The demons also believe, and shudder.
- James 3:18 ποιοῦσιν pres act ptcp dat pl masc Now the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.
- James 4:17 ποιεῖν ποιοῦντι pres act inf pres act ptcp dat sg masc To him therefore who knows to do good, and doesn't do it, to him it is sin.
1 Peter 1 verse
2 Peter 3 verses
- 2 Peter 1:10 ποιεῖσθαι ποιοῦντες pres mid inf pres act ptcp nom pl masc Therefore, brothers, be more diligent to make your calling and election sure. For if you do these things, you will never stumble.
- 2 Peter 1:15 ποιεῖσθαι pres mid inf Yes, I will make every effort that you may always be able to remember these things even after my departure.
- 2 Peter 1:19 ποιεῖτε pres act ind 2pl We have the more sure word of prophecy; whereunto you do well that you take heed, as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns, and the day star arises in your hearts:
1 John 11 verses
- 1 John 1:6 ποιοῦμεν pres act ind 1pl If we say that we have fellowship with him and walk in the darkness, we lie, and don't tell the truth.
- 1 John 1:10 ποιοῦμεν pres act ind 1pl If we say that we haven't sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.
- 1 John 2:17 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc The world is passing away with its lusts, but he who does God's will remains forever.
- 1 John 2:29 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc If you know that he is righteous, you know that everyone who practices righteousness is born of him.
- 1 John 3:4 ποιῶν ποιεῖ pres act ptcp nom sg masc pres act ind 3sg Everyone who sins also commits lawlessness. Sin is lawlessness.
- 1 John 3:7 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc Little children, let no one lead you astray. He who does righteousness is righteous, even as he is righteous.
- 1 John 3:8 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc He who sins is of the devil, for the devil has been sinning from the beginning. To this end the Son of God was revealed, that he might destroy the works of the devil.
- 1 John 3:9 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg Whoever is born of God doesn't commit sin, because his seed remains in him; and he can't sin, because he is born of God.
- 1 John 3:10 ποιῶν pres act ptcp nom sg masc In this the children of God are revealed, and the children of the devil. Whoever doesn't do righteousness is not of God, neither is he who doesn't love his brother.
- 1 John 3:22 ποιοῦμεν pres act ind 1pl and whatever we ask, we receive from him, because we keep his commandments and do the things that are pleasing in his sight.
- 1 John 5:2 ποιῶμεν pres act subj 1pl By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and keep his commandments.
3 John 2 verses
- 3 John 1:5 ποιεῖς pres act ind 2sg Beloved, you do a faithful work in whatever you accomplish for those who are brothers and strangers.
- 3 John 1:10 ποιεῖ pres act ind 3sg Therefore, if I come, I will call attention to his deeds which he does, unjustly accusing us with wicked words. Not content with this, neither does he himself receive the brothers, and those who would, he forbids and throws out of the assembly.
Jude 1 verse
Revelation 8 verses
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
ποιεω — transliterated poiéō — is a Greek verb carrying the sense “to make.” “doeth” is the historic King James Version rendering; modern versions use “do.” See the renderings breakdown. Spanning 514 verses in 26 books, it ranks among the most common words of the Greek New Testament. Debuting at Matthew 1:24, it then recurs through the corpus. Its lexical range runs to 15 senses. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G4160 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 514
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 514 distinct verses.
- 26 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 26 of 27 New Testament books.
- #34
- by frequency
- Top 50 most frequent Greek words (rank 34 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 514 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the New Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 514 distinct verses.
- Gospels 294 verses · 57%
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 145 verses · 28%
- Johannine 138 verses · 27%
- Pauline corpus 78 verses · 15%
- General (Catholic) Epistles 33 verses · 6%
- Revelation 26 verses · 5%
- Hebrews 18 verses · 4%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Do 100×, Make 31×, Did 30×
- American Standard Version: Do 105×, Make 33×, Did 31×
- Berean Standard Bible: Do 83×, Make 22×, Did 17×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Do 109×, Make 36×, Doing 32×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G4160 across 586 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 110 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 16 further occurrences.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G4160 across 583 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 123 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G4160 across 544 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 163 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 9 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G4160 across 624 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 105 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
15 senses in Thayer's, in lexicon order
The 15 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- with the names of things made, to produce, construct, form, fashion, etc.
- to be the authors of, the cause
- to make ready, to prepare
- to produce, bear, shoot forth
- to acquire, to provide a thing for one's self
- to make a thing out of something
- to (make i.e.) render one anything
- to put one forth, to lead him out
- to make one do something
- to be the authors of a thing (to cause, bring about)
This word has an unusually long lexicon entry — 15 senses across its verb stems. The first 10 are shown above in lexicon order; the remaining 5 senses (more of the same, repeated under each stem) and the full sub-sense tree are in the Lexicon Entry tab.
Word origin
Origin: apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary
Apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do (in a very wide application more or less direct): - abide + agree appoint X avenge + band together be bear + bewray bring (forth) cast out cause commit + content continue deal + without any delay (would) do (-ing) execute exercise fulfil gain give have hold X journeying keep + lay wait + lighten the ship make X mean + none of these things move me observe ordain perform provide + have purged purpose put + raising up X secure shew X shoot out spend take tarry + transgress the law work yield. Compare G4238 .
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Forms in the corpus
The 77 distinct written forms G4160 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that tense’s occurrences in the concordance.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 17 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G4160, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word ποιεω appears 2,711 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 2,345 verses in 38 books.
- 2,711
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 2,345
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 38 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 38 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Genesis 1:1 ποιέω
- Exodus 1:17 ποιέω
- Leviticus 2:7 ποιέω
- Numbers 1:54 ποιέω
- Deuteronomy 1:14 ποιέω
- Joshua 1:7 ποιέω
- Judges 1:7 ποιέω
- Ruth 1:8 ποιέω
- 1 Samuel 1:7 ποιέω
- 2 Samuel 2:5 ποιέω
- 1 Kings 1:5 ποιέω
- 2 Kings 1:18 ποιέω
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G4160) appears in the Greek Septuagint — showing the first 50 of 2,345. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Genesis 1:1 ποιέω In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
- Genesis 1:7 ποιέω God made the expanse, and divided the waters which were under the expanse from the waters which were above the expanse, and it was so.
- Genesis 1:11 ποιέω God said, "Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit trees bearing fruit after their kind, with its seed in it, on the earth," and it was so.
- Genesis 1:12 ποιέω The earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, with its seed in it, after their kind: and God saw that it was good.
- Genesis 1:16 ποιέω God made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He also made the stars.
- Genesis 1:21 ποιέω God created the large sea creatures, and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed, after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind. God saw that it was good.
- Genesis 1:25 ποιέω God made the animals of the earth after their kind, and the cattle after their kind, and everything that creeps on the ground after its kind. God saw that it was good.
- Genesis 1:26 ποιέω God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the sky, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth."
- Genesis 1:27 ποιέω God created man in his own image. In God's image he created him; male and female he created them.
- Genesis 1:31 ποιέω God saw everything that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. There was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.
- Genesis 2:2 ποιέω On the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
- Genesis 2:3 ποιέω God blessed the seventh day, and made it holy, because he rested in it from all his work which he had created and made.
- Genesis 2:4 ποιέω This is the history of the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Yahweh God made earth and the heavens.
- Genesis 2:18 ποιέω Yahweh God said, "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper suitable for him."
- Genesis 3:1 ποιέω Now the serpent was more subtle than any animal of the field which Yahweh God had made. He said to the woman, "Yes, has God said, 'You shall not eat of any tree of the garden?'"
- Genesis 3:7 ποιέω Both of their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked. They sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.
- Genesis 3:13 ποιέω Yahweh God said to the woman, "What is this you have done?" The woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."
- Genesis 3:14 ποιέω Yahweh God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, cursed are you above all cattle, and above every animal of the field. On your belly shall you go, and you shall eat dust all the days of your life.
- Genesis 3:21 ποιέω Yahweh God made coats of skins for Adam and for his wife, and clothed them.
- Genesis 4:10 ποιέω Yahweh said, "What have you done? The voice of your brother's blood cries to me from the ground.
- Genesis 5:1 ποιέω This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, he made him in God's likeness.
- Genesis 5:2 ποιέω He created them male and female, and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created.
- Genesis 6:6 ποιέω Yahweh was sorry that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him in his heart.
- Genesis 6:7 ποιέω Yahweh said, "I will destroy man whom I have created from the surface of the ground; man, along with animals, creeping things, and birds of the sky; for I am sorry that I have made them."
- Genesis 6:14 ποιέω Make an ark of gopher wood. You shall make rooms in the ark, and shall seal it inside and outside with pitch.
- Genesis 6:15 ποιέω This is how you shall make it. The length of the ark will be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits.
- Genesis 6:16 ποιέω You shall make a roof in the ark, and to a cubit shall you finish it upward. You shall set the door of the ark in the side of it. You shall make it with lower, second, and third levels.
- Genesis 6:22 ποιέω Thus Noah did. According to all that God commanded him, so he did.
- Genesis 7:4 ποιέω In seven days, I will cause it to rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights. Every living thing that I have made, I will destroy from the surface of the ground."
- Genesis 7:5 ποιέω Noah did everything that Yahweh commanded him.
- Genesis 8:6 ποιέω It happened at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made,
- Genesis 8:13 ποιέω It happened in the six hundred first year, in the first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up from off the earth. Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked. He saw that the surface of the ground was dried.
- Genesis 8:21 ποιέω Yahweh smelled the sweet savor. Yahweh said in his heart, "I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake, because the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth; neither will I ever again strike everything living, as I have done.
- Genesis 9:6 ποιέω Whoever sheds man's blood, by man will his blood be shed, for in the image of God made he man.
- Genesis 9:24 ποιέω Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his youngest son had done to him.
- Genesis 11:4 ποιέω They said, "Come, let's build us a city, and a tower, whose top reaches to the sky, and let's make us a name; lest we be scattered abroad on the surface of the whole earth."
- Genesis 11:6 ποιέω Yahweh said, "Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is what they begin to do. Now nothing will be withheld from them, which they intend to do.
- Genesis 12:2 ποιέω I will make of you a great nation. I will bless you, and make your name great. You will be a blessing.
- Genesis 12:18 ποιέω Pharaoh called Abram, and said, "What is this that you have done to me? Why didn't you tell me that she was your wife?
- Genesis 13:4 ποιέω to the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first. There Abram called on the name of Yahweh.
- Genesis 13:16 ποιέω I will make your offspring as the dust of the earth, so that if a man can number the dust of the earth, then your seed may also be numbered.
- Genesis 14:2 ποιέω that they made war with Bera, king of Sodom, and with Birsha, king of Gomorrah, Shinab, king of Admah, and Shemeber, king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar).
- Genesis 18:5 ποιέω I will get a morsel of bread so you can refresh your heart. After that you may go your way, now that you have come to your servant." They said, "Very well, do as you have said."
- Genesis 18:6 ποιέω Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah, and said, "Quickly make ready three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes."
- Genesis 18:7 ποιέω Abraham ran to the herd, and fetched a tender and good calf, and gave it to the servant. He hurried to dress it.
- Genesis 18:8 ποιέω He took butter, milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them. He stood by them under the tree, and they ate.
- Genesis 18:17 ποιέω Yahweh said, "Will I hide from Abraham what I do,
- Genesis 18:19 ποιέω For I have known him, to the end that he may command his children and his household after him, that they may keep the way of Yahweh, to do righteousness and justice; to the end that Yahweh may bring on Abraham that which he has spoken of him."
- Genesis 18:25 ποιέω Be it far from you to do things like that, to kill the righteous with the wicked, that so the righteous should be as the wicked. May that be far from you. Shouldn't the Judge of all the earth do right?"
- Genesis 19:3 ποιέω He urged them greatly, and they came in with him, and entered into his house. He made them a feast, and baked unleavened bread, and they ate.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G4160) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.