אַל

not

also: no, nor, neither, nothing fuller range ↓

H408 Strong's Hebrew

ʼal Transliteration

/al/ Pronunciation

Usage in the Hebrew Bible 725 appearances

Definition — BDB

not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference) - do not, let not (with a verb) - let there not be (with a verb understood) - not, no (with substantive) - nothing (as substantive)

Cite this entry

Strong's H408 — אל (ʼal), "not". Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB, 1906). Lemma, https://lemma.gebible.app/w/H408.

Show BibTeX & RIS

BibTeX

@misc{lemma-H408,
  author       = {Lemma},
  title        = {H408 אל (ʼal) — not},
  howpublished = {\url{https://lemma.gebible.app/w/H408}},
  note         = {Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB, 1906). Lemma interlinear Bible study tool}
}

RIS

TY  - GEN
AU  - Lemma
TI  - H408 — אל (ʼal), "not"
PB  - Lemma
N1  - Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB, 1906)
UR  - https://lemma.gebible.app/w/H408
ER  -

Compare with another word →

Grammar key — what these labels mean

Particle: A short function word — article, negation, interrogative, the sign of the direct object, and the like.
Preposition: A relational word (e.g. “in,” “to,” “from”) governing a noun.

Grammatical forms

Particle, Negative 722 times (100%)
Preposition 3 times (0%)

Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 725 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.

Page 2 of 3 — showing verses 201–400 of 572 distinct verses where H408 appears, across 37 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.

1 Chronicles 4 verses

1 Chronicles 28:20 אַל וְ/אַל ptcl neg conj + ptcl neg David said to Solomon his son, Be strong and of good courage, and do it: don't be afraid, nor be dismayed; for Yahweh God, even my God, is with you; he will not fail you, nor forsake you, until all the work for the service of the house of Yahweh is finished.

2 Chronicles 15 verses

Ezra 1 verse

Ezra 9:12 אַל אַל ptcl neg ptcl neg now therefore don't give your daughters to their sons, neither take their daughters to your sons, nor seek their peace or their prosperity forever; that you may be strong, and eat the good of the land, and leave it for an inheritance to your children forever.

Nehemiah 7 verses

Esther 3 verses

Job 22 verses

Psalms 89 verses

Proverbs 74 verses

At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.

אל — transliterated ʼal — is a Hebrew word carrying the sense “not.” It also covers “no”, “nor”, and “neither”, alongside “not” — see its full sense range. It appears 572 verses across 37 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its most common vocabulary. Debuting at Genesis 13:8, it then recurs through the corpus. Related forms include לא, אל and אלו. See the sense tree, 572-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.

Gloss history

Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship

Strong's · 1890

nay

Modern gloss

not

About this word

Strong's H408 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.

These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →

572: distinct verses; The word appears in 572 distinct verses.
37 / 39: OT books; The word appears in 37 of 39 Old Testament books.
Genesis 13:8: first appearance; The earliest occurrence is in Genesis 13:8.
Malachi 2:15: last appearance; The latest occurrence is in Malachi 2:15.
#70: by frequency; Top 100 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 70 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).

View all 572 occurrences in the concordance →

Most concentrated in

Psalms 89 verses 16%
Proverbs 74 verses 13%
Jeremiah 67 verses 12%

By section of the Old Testament

Pentateuch 89 · 16%
Historical 138 · 24%
Wisdom 202 · 35%
Prophets 143 · 25%

By traditional corpus

Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 572 distinct verses.

Writings (Ketuvim) 247 verses · 43%
Prophets (Nevi'im) 236 verses · 41%
Torah (Pentateuch) 89 verses · 16%

How translations render this word

Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).

BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.

King James Version: Let me never 2×
American Standard Version: Let me never 2×
Berean Standard Bible: Do not 455×, Not 33×, No 26×
unfoldingWord Literal Text: Not 583×, And 104×, Do not 62×

King James Version Public Domain

Renders H408 across 12 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

“Let me never” 2×

Plus 10 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

American Standard Version Public Domain

Renders H408 across 12 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

“Let me never” 2×

Plus 10 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

Berean Standard Bible Public Domain

Renders H408 across 662 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

“Do not” 455×
“Not” 33×
“No” 26×
“Never” 15×
“Be not” 11×
“Nor” 10×
“Let me not” 6×
“Let no” 6×
“Do not let” 5×
“Let not” 5×
“You must not” 5×
“Must not” 4×

Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 44 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 58 further occurrences.

unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0

Renders H408 across 807 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

“Not” 583×
“And” 104×
“Do not” 62×
“No” 13×
“But” 10×
“Nor” 6×
“Or” 5×
“Is not” 2×
“May not” 2×
“May you not” 2×
“Neither” 2×
“So” 2×

Plus 14 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

Senses in the full BDB

What do BDB’s symbols mean?

BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:

Symbol	Meaning
𝔊	the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX)
𝔙	the Vulgate (the Latin translation)
𝔖	the Syriac version (the Peshitta)
𝔗	the Targum (the Aramaic translation)
ψ	the Psalms
√	root (the underlying root or stem)
‖	parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel)
†	the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited

The 3 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.

אל I (= اَلْ, Ar. article, preserved perh. in following words derived by Hebrews from (or through) Arabic-speaking tribes

אל II

a. (a) with a verb, which is then always an impf. (never an imperative), by preference in the cohort. or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number; Gn 15:1 and often אַל־תִּירָא fear not! 22:12 אַל־תִּשְׁלַח יָֽדְךָ put not forth thy hand, 37:27 וְיָדֵנוּ אַל־תְּהִי־בוֹ and let not our hand be upon him, 21:16 אַל־אֶרְאֶה let me not look upon the death of the lad! ψ 25:2 אַל־אֵבוֹשָׁה let me not be ashamed; with 1 pl. (rare) 2 S 13:25 Je 18:18 Jon 1:14. In an imprecation: Gn 49:4 אַל־תּוֹתַר have not thou the excellency! ψ 109:12 Jb 3:4, 6. Sometimes strengthened by נָא: Gn 13:8 18:3 al. (b) without a verb, (α) 2 S 1:21 let (there be) not dew & not rain upon you! Is 62:6 ψ 83:2. (β) used absol., in deprecation Gn 19:18 2 S 13:16 (v. sub אוֹדָה) 2 K 3:13; 4:16; 6:27 (v. RVm: but possibly to be expl. by Dr§ 152 iii; so Th Ke: hardly as Ew§ 355b) Ru 1:13 אַל בְּנֹתַי Nay, my daughters, cf. Ju 19:23; (γ) after a preceding imper. Am 5:14 Jo 2:13 Pr 8:10, a juss. 27:2, an inf. abs. 17:12. (c) in poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (v. Dr§ 56–8); Is 2:9 וְאַל־תִּשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), ψ 41:3 Pr 3:25 Jb 5:22; ψ 34:6 (but 𝔊 𝔖 Ew Che here rd. וּפְנֵיכֶם, prob. rightly); 50:3a may our God come וְאַל־יֶ֫חֱרָ֥שׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene v 2, 3b–c) 121:3 (contrast v 4 לֹא) Je 46:6 +., e.g. Genesis 15:1
b. once Pr 12:28 joined closely to a subst. (cf. לֹא 2b): In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway thereof אַל־מָוֶת there is no-death!; but error for אֶל־ ‘unto’ Capp 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 𝔅. e.g. Proverbs 12:28
c. once Jb 24:25 used poet. as a subst., And bring my words לְאַל to nought!—N.B. 1 S 27:10 אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּם הַיּוֹם, אַל with the pf. is against all analogy; and either אֶל־מִי (with 𝔊 𝔙), or better אָן whither? (with 𝔖 𝔗: v. 1 S 10:14) must be read. e.g. Job 24:25

Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.

Word origin

I. (= اَلْ, Ar. article, preserved perh. in following words derived by Hebrews from (or through) Arabic-speaking tribes; cf. Eng. algebra, Alhambra, alkali, alcohol, alcove, etc.)

II. adv. of negation (so Ph. e.g. CIS i.3,4.5.8, Bi Aramaic, Sab. (DHMZMG 1875, 596), and in the Eth. አልቦ albo, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לֹא, οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μή), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition:

— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.

Derived from לא (lôʼ) (H3808) — not.

TWOT: 90

Jastrow Dictionary

A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.

אַל־

a prefix, = עַל; e.g. אַלְתּוּסְבְּרָאוֹת (= על האוצרות) appointed over treasures, v. אַ־.

אַל

(b. h.) not, no (according to Talmud a milder form of prohibition than לֹא; v. Y. Pes. VI, 33ᵇ). Aboth I, 3.—אל תקרי (abbr. א"ת), v. אֶלָּא. Taan. 11ᵃ א׳ יראה וכ׳ shall not live to see &c.; a. v. fr.

אֶל

אול to turn) prep. to, toward. — Pl., with prefix מ a. suffix of pers. pron., of itself, of my (his &c.) own accord, on my (his &c.) authority. Yoma 5ᵇ לא מֵאֵלַי not on my own authority. Orlah I, 2 העולה מֵאֵלָיו growing spontaneously.—Y. Peah VII, 20ᵇ bot. its sacred character מֵאֵלָיו למדו they did derive from itself (i.e. from the wording of the law itself).—Hence מִמֵּילָא, v. מֵילָא.

אֵל

v. אלל) God. Shebu. 35ᵃ divine names which dare not be erased are El &c. Taan. 6ᵇ bot.; a. fr.

A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.

Forms in the corpus

The 16 distinct written forms H408 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.

Form	Parsing	Example	Uses
אַל	Particle, Negative	Daniel 9:19	500
וְ/אַל	Particle, Negative	Amos 5:14	124
אַֽל	Particle, Negative	Ecclesiastes 8:3	65
וְ/אַֽל	Particle, Negative	Amos 5:5	13
וְֽ/אַל	Particle, Negative	2 Samuel 3:29	9
אֶל	Preposition	Deuteronomy 2:9	3
אַ֣ל	Particle, Negative	Proverbs 31:4	2
אֲל	Particle, Negative	Psalms 35:22	1
אַ֖ל	Particle, Negative	1 Samuel 2:24	1
אַ֗ל	Particle, Negative	2 Kings 3:13	1
אַ֤ל	Particle, Negative	Proverbs 31:4	1
אַ֨ל	Particle, Negative	Jonah 3:7	1
אַֽל	Particle, Negative	Psalms 71:9	1
וְ/אֶל	Preposition	Jeremiah 51:3	1
וְ/אַ֣ל	Particle, Negative	Psalms 119:36	1
לְ֝/אַ֗ל	Particle, Negative	Job 24:25	1

Same root — word family

Other BDB entries built from the same root as H408, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.

Derives from

לא lôʼ H3808 not

Derived from this word

Proper names from this root

People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.

Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 10 — not the complete family. 3 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.

Septuagint verse parallels

This word appears in 516 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 572 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.

Read these verses in the Septuagint

This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.