רוּחַ
spirit
also: wind, breath, mind fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Construct-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Both
- Attested as both masculine and feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
160 distinct verses where H7307 appears in the Absolute state, across 25 books. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 3 verses
- Genesis 7:22 ר֨וּחַ n c bs All in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, of all that was on the dry land, died.
- Genesis 8:1 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs God remembered Noah, all the animals, and all the cattle that were with him in the ark; and God made a wind to pass over the earth. The waters subsided.
- Genesis 26:35 ר֑וּחַ n c bs They grieved Isaac and Rebekah's spirits.
Exodus 1 verse
Numbers 8 verses
- Numbers 11:17 הָ/ר֛וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs I will come down and talk with you there: and I will take of the Spirit which is on you, and will put it on them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with you, that you not bear it yourself alone.
- Numbers 11:25 הָ/ר֨וּחַ֙ הָ/ר֔וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs Yahweh came down in the cloud, and spoke to him, and took of the Spirit that was on him, and put it on the seventy elders: and it happened that when the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied, but they did so no more.
- Numbers 11:26 הָ/ר֗וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs But there remained two men in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad: and the Spirit rested on them; and they were of those who were written, but had not gone out to the Tent; and they prophesied in the camp.
- Numbers 11:31 וְ/ר֜וּחַ conj + n c bs There went forth a wind from Yahweh, and brought quails from the sea, and let them fall by the camp, about a day's journey on this side, and a day's journey on the other side, round about the camp, and about two cubits above the surface of the earth.
- Numbers 14:24 ר֤וּחַ n c bs but my servant Caleb, because he had another spirit with him, and has followed me fully, him will I bring into the land into which he went; and his seed shall possess it.
- Numbers 16:22 הָ/רוּחֹ֖ת ptcl def.art + n c bp They fell on their faces, and said, God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin, and will you be angry with all the congregation?
- Numbers 27:16 הָ/רוּחֹ֖ת ptcl def.art + n c bp Let Yahweh, the God of the spirits of all flesh, appoint a man over the congregation,
- Numbers 27:18 ר֣וּחַ n c bs Yahweh said to Moses, Take Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him;
Joshua 2 verses
- Joshua 2:11 ר֛וּחַ n c bs As soon as we had heard it, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more spirit in any man, because of you: for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath.
- Joshua 5:1 ר֔וּחַ n c bs It happened, when all the kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, who were by the sea, heard how that Yahweh had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until we were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel.
Judges 1 verse
1 Samuel 2 verses
- 1 Samuel 1:15 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs Hannah answered, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but I poured out my soul before Yahweh.
- 1 Samuel 16:14 וְ/ר֧וּחַ רֽוּחַ conj + n c bs cs n c bs Now the Spirit of Yahweh departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from Yahweh troubled him.
2 Samuel 1 verse
1 Kings 4 verses
- 1 Kings 10:5 רֽוּחַ n c bs and the food of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their clothing, and his cup bearers, and his ascent by which he went up to the house of Yahweh; there was no more spirit in her.
- 1 Kings 18:45 וְ/ר֔וּחַ conj + n c bs It happened in a little while, that the sky grew black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel:
- 1 Kings 19:11 וְ/ר֣וּחַ בָ/ר֖וּחַ הָ/ר֨וּחַ conj + n c bs prep det + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs He said, Go forth, and stand on the mountain before Yahweh. Behold, Yahweh passed by, and a great and strong wind tore the mountains, and broke in pieces the rocks before Yahweh; but Yahweh was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but Yahweh was not in the earthquake:
- 1 Kings 22:21 הָ/ר֗וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs There came forth a spirit, and stood before Yahweh, and said, I will entice him.
2 Kings 2 verses
- 2 Kings 3:17 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs For thus says Yahweh, You shall not see wind, neither shall you see rain; yet that valley shall be filled with water, and you shall drink, both you and your cattle and your animals.
- 2 Kings 19:7 ר֔וּחַ n c bs Behold, I will put a spirit in him, and he shall hear news, and shall return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.
1 Chronicles 3 verses
- 1 Chronicles 9:24 רוּח֔וֹת n c bp On the four sides were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south.
- 1 Chronicles 12:18 וְ/ר֣וּחַ conj + n c bs Then the Spirit came on Amasai, who was chief of the thirty, [and he said], "We are yours, David, and on your side, you son of Jesse: peace, peace be to you, and peace be to your helpers; for your God helps you." Then David received them, and made them captains of the band.
- 1 Chronicles 28:12 בָ/ר֨וּחַ֙ prep det + n c bs and the pattern of all that he had by the Spirit, for the courts of the house of Yahweh, and for all the surrounding rooms, for the treasuries of the house of God, and for the treasuries of the dedicated things;
2 Chronicles 2 verses
- 2 Chronicles 9:4 רֽוּחַ n c bs and the food of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their clothing, his cup bearers also, and their clothing, and his ascent by which he went up to the house of Yahweh; there was no more spirit in her.
- 2 Chronicles 18:20 הָ/ר֗וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs There came forth a spirit, and stood before Yahweh, and said, I will entice him. Yahweh said to him, 'How?'
Job 15 verses
- Job 1:19 ר֨וּחַ n c bs and, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell on the young men, and they are dead. I alone have escaped to tell you."
- Job 4:15 וְ֭/רוּחַ conj + n c bs Then a spirit passed before my face; The hair of my flesh stood up.
- Job 6:26 וּ֝/לְ/ר֗וּחַ conj + prep + n c bs Do you intend to reprove words, Seeing that the speeches of one who is desperate are as wind?
- Job 7:7 ר֣וּחַ n c bs Oh remember that my life is a breath. My eye shall no more see good.
- Job 8:2 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs "How long will you speak these things? Shall the words of your mouth be a mighty wind?
- Job 15:2 ר֑וּחַ n c bs "Should a wise man answer with vain knowledge, And fill himself with the east wind?
- Job 16:3 ר֑וּחַ n c bs Shall vain words have an end? Or what provokes you that you answer?
- Job 20:3 וְ֝/ר֗וּחַ conj + n c bs I have heard the reproof which puts me to shame; The spirit of my understanding answers me.
- Job 21:18 ר֑וּחַ n c bs That they are as stubble before the wind, As chaff that the storm carries away?
- Job 28:25 לָ/ר֣וּחַ prep det + n c bs He establishes the force of the wind; Yes, he measures out the waters by measure.
- Job 30:15 כָּ֭/רוּחַ prep det + n c bs Terrors are turned on me. They chase my honor as the wind. My welfare has passed away as a cloud.
- Job 30:22 ר֭וּחַ n c bs You lift me up to the wind, and drive me with it. You dissolve me in the storm.
- Job 32:8 רֽוּחַ n c bs But there is a spirit in man, And the breath of the Almighty gives them understanding.
- Job 37:21 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs Now men don't see the light which is bright in the skies, But the wind passes, and clears them.
- Job 41:16 וְ֝/ר֗וּחַ conj + n c bs One is so near to another, That no air can come between them.
Psalms 15 verses
- Psalms 1:4 רֽוּחַ n c bs The wicked are not so, But are like the chaff which the wind drives away.
- Psalms 18:10 רֽוּחַ n c bs He rode on a cherub, and flew. Yes, he soared on the wings of the wind.
- Psalms 18:42 ר֑וּחַ n c bs Then I beat them small as the dust before the wind. I cast them out as the mire of the streets.
- Psalms 34:18 ר֥וּחַ n c bs Yahweh is near to those who have a broken heart, And saves those who have a crushed spirit.
- Psalms 35:5 ר֑וּחַ n c bs Let them be as chaff before the wind, Yahweh's angel driving them on.
- Psalms 51:10 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs Create in me a clean heart, O God. Renew a right spirit within me.
- Psalms 51:12 וְ/ר֖וּחַ conj + n c bs Restore to me the joy of your salvation. Uphold me with a willing spirit.
- Psalms 55:8 מֵ/ר֖וּחַ prep + n c bs "I would hurry to a shelter from the stormy wind and tempest."
- Psalms 78:39 ר֥וּחַ n c bs He remembered that they were but flesh, A wind that passes away, and doesn't come again.
- Psalms 83:13 רֽוּחַ n c bs My God, make them like tumbleweed; Like chaff before the wind.
- Psalms 103:16 ר֣וּחַ n c bs For the wind passes over it, and it is gone. Its place remembers it no more.
- Psalms 104:3 רֽוּחַ n c bs He lays the beams of his chambers in the waters. He makes the clouds his chariot. He walks on the wings of the wind.
- Psalms 104:4 רוּח֑וֹת n c bp He makes his messengers winds; His servants flames of fire.
- Psalms 135:7 ר֝וּחַ n c bs Who causes the clouds to rise from the ends of the earth; Who makes lightnings with the rain; Who brings forth the wind out of his treasuries;
- Psalms 135:17 ר֥וּחַ n c bs They have ears, but they can't hear; Neither is there any breath in their mouths.
Proverbs 15 verses
- Proverbs 11:13 ר֝֗וּחַ n c bs One who brings gossip betrays a confidence, But one who is of a trustworthy spirit is one who keeps a secret.
- Proverbs 11:29 ר֑וּחַ n c bs He who troubles his own house shall inherit the wind. The foolish shall be servant to the wise of heart.
- Proverbs 14:29 ר֝֗וּחַ n c bs He who is slow to anger has great understanding, But he who has a quick temper displays folly.
- Proverbs 15:4 בְּ/רֽוּחַ prep + n c bs A gentle tongue is a tree of life, But deceit in it crushes the spirit.
- Proverbs 15:13 ר֣וּחַ n c bs A glad heart makes a cheerful face; But an aching heart breaks the spirit.
- Proverbs 16:2 רוּח֣וֹת n c bp All the ways of a man are clean in his own eyes; But Yahweh weighs the motives.
- Proverbs 16:18 רֽוּחַ n c bs Pride goes before destruction, And a haughty spirit before a fall.
- Proverbs 16:19 ר֭וּחַ n c bs It is better to be of a lowly spirit with the poor, Than to divide the plunder with the proud.
- Proverbs 17:22 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs A cheerful heart makes good medicine, But a crushed spirit dries up the bones.
- Proverbs 17:27 ר֝֗וּחַ n c bs He who spares his words has knowledge. He who is even tempered is a man of understanding.
- Proverbs 18:14 רֽוּחַ וְ/ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs conj + n c bs A man's spirit will sustain him in sickness, But a crushed spirit, who can bear?
- Proverbs 25:14 וְ֭/רוּחַ conj + n c bs As clouds and wind without rain, So is he who boasts of gifts deceptively.
- Proverbs 27:16 ר֑וּחַ n c bs Restraining her is like restraining the wind, Or like grasping oil in his right hand.
- Proverbs 29:23 ר֝֗וּחַ n c bs A man's pride brings him low, But one of lowly spirit gains honor.
- Proverbs 30:4 ר֨וּחַ n c bs Who has ascended up into heaven, and descended? Who has gathered the wind in his fists? Who has bound the waters in his garment? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is his name, and what is his son's name, if you know?
Ecclesiastes 17 verses
- Ecclesiastes 1:6 הָ/ר֔וּחַ הָ/רֽוּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs The wind goes toward the south, and turns around to the north. It turns around continually as it goes, and the wind returns again to its courses.
- Ecclesiastes 1:14 רֽוּחַ n c bs I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity and a chasing after wind.
- Ecclesiastes 1:17 רֽוּחַ n c bs I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly. I perceived that this also was a chasing after wind.
- Ecclesiastes 2:11 ר֔וּחַ n c bs Then I looked at all the works that my hands had worked, and at the labor that I had labored to do; and, behold, all was vanity and a chasing after wind, and there was no profit under the sun.
- Ecclesiastes 2:17 רֽוּחַ n c bs So I hated life, because the work that is worked under the sun was grievous to me; for all is vanity and a chasing after wind.
- Ecclesiastes 2:26 רֽוּחַ n c bs For to the man who pleases him, God gives wisdom, knowledge, and joy; but to the sinner he gives travail, to gather and to heap up, that he may give to him who pleases God. This also is vanity and a chasing after wind.
- Ecclesiastes 3:19 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs For that which happens to the sons of men happens to animals. Even one thing happens to them. As the one dies, so the other dies. Yes, they have all one breath; and man has no advantage over the animals: for all is vanity.
- Ecclesiastes 4:4 רֽוּחַ n c bs Then I saw all the labor and achievement that is the envy of a man's neighbor. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.
- Ecclesiastes 4:6 רֽוּחַ n c bs Better is a handful, with quietness, than two handfuls with labor and chasing after wind.
- Ecclesiastes 4:16 רֽוּחַ n c bs There was no end of all the people, even of all them over whom he was--yet those who come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and a chasing after wind.
- Ecclesiastes 5:16 לָ/רֽוּחַ prep det + n c bs This also is a grievous evil, that in all points as he came, so shall he go. And what profit does he have who labors for the wind?
- Ecclesiastes 6:9 רֽוּחַ n c bs Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire. This also is vanity and a chasing after wind.
- Ecclesiastes 7:8 ר֖וּחַ רֽוּחַ n c bs n c bs Better is the end of a thing than its beginning. The patient in spirit is better than the proud in spirit.
- Ecclesiastes 8:8 בָּ/ר֨וּחַ֙ הָ/ר֔וּחַ prep det + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs There is no man who has power over the spirit to contain the spirit; neither does he have power over the day of death. There is no discharge in war; neither shall wickedness deliver those who practice it.
- Ecclesiastes 11:4 ר֖וּחַ n c bs He who observes the wind won't sow; And he who regards the clouds won't reap.
- Ecclesiastes 11:5 הָ/ר֔וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs As you don't know what is the way of the wind, Nor how the bones grow in the womb of her who is with child; Even so you don't know the work of God who does all.
- Ecclesiastes 12:7 וְ/הָ/ר֣וּחַ conj + ptcl def.art + n c bs And the dust returns to the earth as it was, And the spirit returns to God who gave it.
Isaiah 19 verses
- Isaiah 7:2 רֽוּחַ n c bs It was told the house of David, saying, "Syria is allied with Ephraim." His heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest tremble with the wind.
- Isaiah 17:13 ר֔וּחַ n c bs The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but he shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like the whirling dust before the storm.
- Isaiah 26:18 ר֑וּחַ n c bs We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not worked any deliverance in the earth; neither have the inhabitants of the world fallen.
- Isaiah 29:24 ר֖וּחַ n c bs They also who err in spirit shall come to understanding, and those who murmur shall receive instruction.
- Isaiah 31:3 ר֑וּחַ n c bs Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit: and when Yahweh shall stretch out his hand, both he who helps shall stumble, and he who is helped shall fall, and they all shall be consumed together.
- Isaiah 32:2 ר֖וּחַ n c bs A man shall be as a hiding-place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest, as streams of water in a dry place, as the shade of a great rock in a weary land.
- Isaiah 32:15 ר֖וּחַ n c bs until the Spirit be poured on us from on high, and the wilderness become a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be esteemed as a forest.
- Isaiah 37:7 ר֔וּחַ n c bs Behold, I will put a spirit in him, and he shall hear news, and shall return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.
- Isaiah 41:16 וְ/ר֣וּחַ conj + n c bs You shall winnow them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them; and you shall rejoice in Yahweh, you shall glory in the Holy One of Israel.
- Isaiah 41:29 ר֥וּחַ n c bs Behold, all of them, their works are vanity [and] nothing; their molten images are wind and confusion.
- Isaiah 42:5 וְ/ר֖וּחַ conj + n c bs Thus says God Yahweh, he who created the heavens, and stretched them forth; he who spread abroad the earth and that which comes out of it; he who gives breath to the people on it, and spirit to those who walk therein:
- Isaiah 54:6 ר֖וּחַ n c bs For Yahweh has called you as a wife forsaken and grieved in spirit, even a wife of youth, when she is cast off, says your God.
- Isaiah 57:13 ר֖וּחַ n c bs When you cry, let those who you have gathered deliver you; but the wind shall take them, a breath shall carry them all away: but he who takes refuge in me shall possess the land, and shall inherit my holy mountain.
- Isaiah 57:15 ר֔וּחַ ר֣וּחַ n c bs n c bs cs For thus says the high and lofty One who inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy: I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also who is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite.
- Isaiah 57:16 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs For I will not contend forever, neither will I be always angry; for the spirit would faint before me, and the souls who I have made.
- Isaiah 61:3 ר֣וּחַ n c bs to appoint to those who mourn in Zion, to give to them a garland for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they may be called trees of righteousness, the planting of Yahweh, that he may be glorified.
- Isaiah 64:6 כָּ/ר֥וּחַ prep det + n c bs For we are all become as one who is unclean, and all our righteousness are as a polluted garment: and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, take us away.
- Isaiah 65:14 ר֖וּחַ n c bs behold, my servants shall sing for joy of heart, but you shall cry for sorrow of heart, and shall wail for vexation of spirit.
- Isaiah 66:2 ר֔וּחַ n c bs For all these things has my hand made, and [so] all these things came to be, says Yahweh: but to this man will I look, even to him who is poor and of a contrite spirit, and who trembles at my word.
Jeremiah 14 verses
- Jeremiah 2:24 ר֔וּחַ n c bs a wild donkey used to the wilderness, that snuffs up the wind in her desire; in her occasion who can turn her away? all those who seek her will not weary themselves; in her month they shall find her.
- Jeremiah 4:11 ר֣וּחַ n c bs At that time shall it be said to this people and to Jerusalem, A hot wind from the bare heights in the wilderness toward the daughter of my people, not to winnow, nor to cleanse;
- Jeremiah 4:12 ר֧וּחַ n c bs a full wind from these shall come for me: now will I also utter judgments against them.
- Jeremiah 5:13 לְ/ר֔וּחַ prep + n c bs and the prophets shall become wind, and the word is not in them: thus shall it be done to them.
- Jeremiah 10:13 ר֖וּחַ n c bs when he utters his voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens, and he causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth; he makes lightnings for the rain, and brings forth the wind out of his treasuries.
- Jeremiah 10:14 ר֥וּחַ n c bs Every man is become brutish [and is] without knowledge; every goldsmith is disappointed by his engraved image; for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.
- Jeremiah 14:6 ר֖וּחַ n c bs The wild donkeys stand on the bare heights, they pant for air like jackals; their eyes fail, because there is no herbage.
- Jeremiah 22:22 ר֔וּחַ n c bs The wind shall feed all your shepherds, and your lovers shall go into captivity: surely then shall you be ashamed and confounded for all your wickedness.
- Jeremiah 49:32 ר֖וּחַ n c bs Their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter to all winds those who have the corners [of their hair] cut off; and I will bring their calamity from every side of them, says Yahweh.
- Jeremiah 49:36 רוּח֗וֹת הָ/רֻח֣וֹת n c bp ptcl def.art + n c bp On Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of the sky, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there shall be no nation where the outcasts of Elam shall not come.
- Jeremiah 51:1 ר֖וּחַ n c bs Thus says Yahweh: Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against those who dwell in Lebkamai, a destroying wind.
- Jeremiah 51:16 ר֖וּחַ n c bs when he utters his voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens, and he causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth; he makes lightnings for the rain, and brings forth the wind out of his treasuries.
- Jeremiah 51:17 ר֥וּחַ n c bs Every man is become brutish [and is] without knowledge; every goldsmith is disappointed by his image; for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.
- Jeremiah 52:23 ר֑וּחָ/ה n c bs + sfx dem There were ninety-six pomegranates on the sides; all the pomegranates were one hundred on the network round about.
Ezekiel 25 verses
- Ezekiel 1:12 הָ/ר֤וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs They went everyone straight forward: where the spirit was to go, they went; they didn't turn when they went.
- Ezekiel 1:20 הָ/ר֤וּחַ הָ/ר֖וּחַ ר֥וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs n c bs cs Wherever the spirit was to go, they went; there was the spirit to go: and the wheels were lifted up beside them; for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.
- Ezekiel 2:2 ר֗וּחַ n c bs The Spirit entered into me when he spoke to me, and set me on my feet; and I heard him who spoke to me.
- Ezekiel 3:12 ר֔וּחַ n c bs Then the Spirit lifted me up, and I heard behind me the voice of a great rushing, [saying], Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place.
- Ezekiel 3:14 וְ/ר֥וּחַ רוּחִ֔/י conj + n c bs n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs So the Spirit lifted me up, and took me away; and I went in bitterness, in the heat of my spirit; and the hand of Yahweh was strong on me.
- Ezekiel 3:24 ר֔וּחַ n c bs Then the Spirit entered into me, and set me on my feet; and he spoke with me, and said to me, Go, shut yourself within your house.
- Ezekiel 5:2 לָ/ר֔וּחַ prep det + n c bs A third part shall you burn in the fire in the midst of the city, when the days of the siege are fulfilled; and you shall take a third part, and strike with the sword round about it; and a third part you shall scatter to the wind, and I will draw out a sword after them.
- Ezekiel 5:10 רֽוּחַ n c bs Therefore the fathers shall eat the sons in the midst of you, and the sons shall eat their fathers; and I will execute judgments on you; and the whole remnant of you will I scatter to all the winds.
- Ezekiel 5:12 ר֣וּחַ n c bs A third part of you shall die with the pestilence, and with famine shall they be consumed in the midst of you; and a third part shall fall by the sword round about you; and a third part I will scatter to all the winds, and will draw out a sword after them.
- Ezekiel 8:3 ר֣וּחַ n c bs He put forth the form of a hand, and took me by a lock of my head; and the Spirit lifted me up between earth and the sky, and brought me in the visions of God to Jerusalem, to the door of the gate of the inner [court] that looks toward the north; where was the seat of the image of jealousy, which provokes to jealousy.
- Ezekiel 11:1 ר֗וּחַ n c bs Moreover the Spirit lifted me up, and brought me to the east gate of Yahweh's house, which looks eastward: and see, at the door of the gate twenty-five men; and I saw in the midst of them Jaazaniah the son of Azzur, and Pelatiah the son of Benaiah, princes of the people.
- Ezekiel 11:19 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them a heart of flesh;
- Ezekiel 11:24 וְ/ר֣וּחַ בְּ/ר֣וּחַ conj + n c bs prep + n c bs cs The Spirit lifted me up, and brought me in the vision by the Spirit of God into Chaldea, to them of the captivity. So the vision that I had seen went up from me.
- Ezekiel 12:14 ר֑וּחַ n c bs I will scatter toward every wind all who are round about him to help him, and all his bands; and I will draw out the sword after them.
- Ezekiel 17:21 ר֣וּחַ n c bs All his fugitives in all his bands shall fall by the sword, and those who remain shall be scattered toward every wind: and you shall know that I, Yahweh, have spoken it.
- Ezekiel 18:31 וְ/ר֣וּחַ conj + n c bs Cast away from you all your transgressions, in which you have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will you die, house of Israel?
- Ezekiel 21:7 ר֗וּחַ n c bs It shall be, when they tell you, Why do you sigh? that you shall say, Because of the news, for it comes; and every heart shall melt, and all hands shall be feeble, and every spirit shall faint, and all knees shall be weak as water: behold, it comes, and it shall be done, says the Lord Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 36:26 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh.
- Ezekiel 37:5 ר֖וּחַ n c bs Thus says the Lord Yahweh to these bones: Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and you shall live.
- Ezekiel 37:6 ר֖וּחַ n c bs I will lay sinews on you, and will bring up flesh on you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and you shall live; and you shall know that I am Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 37:8 וְ/ר֖וּחַ conj + n c bs I saw, and, behold, there were sinews on them, and flesh came up, and skin covered them above; but there was no breath in them.
- Ezekiel 37:9 הָ/ר֑וּחַ הָ/ר֜וּחַ רוּחוֹת֙ הָ/ר֔וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs n c bp ptcl def.art + n c bs Then said he to me, Prophesy to the wind, prophesy, son of man, and tell the wind, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Come from the four winds, breath, and breathe on these slain, that they may live.
- Ezekiel 37:10 הָ/ר֜וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath came into them, and they lived, and stood up on their feet, an exceeding great army.
- Ezekiel 42:20 רוּח֜וֹת n c bp He measured it on the four sides: it had a wall round about, the length five hundred, and the breadth five hundred, to make a separation between that which was holy and that which was common.
- Ezekiel 43:5 ר֔וּחַ n c bs The Spirit took me up, and brought me into the inner court; and, behold, the glory of Yahweh filled the house.
Hosea 4 verses
- Hosea 4:19 ר֛וּחַ n c bs The wind has wrapped her up in its wings; And they shall be disappointed because of their sacrifices.
- Hosea 8:7 ר֥וּחַ n c bs For they sow the wind, And they will reap the whirlwind. He has no standing grain. The stalk will yield no head. If it does yield, strangers will swallow it up.
- Hosea 9:7 הָ/ר֔וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs The days of visitation have come. The days of reckoning have come. Israel will consider the prophet to be a fool, And the man who is inspired to be insane, Because of the abundance of your sins, And because your hostility is great.
- Hosea 12:1 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs Ephraim feeds on wind, And chases the east wind. He continually multiplies lies and desolation. They make a covenant with Assyria, And oil is carried into Egypt.
Amos 1 verse
Jonah 1 verse
Micah 1 verse
Habakkuk 2 verses
- Habakkuk 1:11 ר֛וּחַ n c bs Then he sweeps by like the wind, and goes on. He is indeed guilty, whose strength is his god."
- Habakkuk 2:19 ר֖וּחַ n c bs Woe to him who says to the wood, 'Awake!' or to the mute stone, 'Arise!' Shall this teach? Behold, it is overlaid with gold and silver, and there is no breath at all in the midst of it.
Zechariah 1 verse
Malachi 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
רוח — transliterated rûwach — is a Hebrew noun carrying the sense “spirit.” It also covers “wind”, “breath”, and “mind”, alongside “spirit” — see its full sense range. With 348 verses in 32 books, it is a common word in the Hebrew Bible. It first appears in Genesis 1:2. From the same root come רוח, רוח and רחת. See the sense tree, 348-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7307 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 348
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 348 distinct verses.
- 32 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 32 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #131
- by frequency
- Top 250 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 131 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 348 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 348 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 180 verses · 52%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 133 verses · 38%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 35 verses · 10%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Spirit 187×, Wind 72×, Breath 19×
- American Standard Version: Spirit 152×, Wind 68×, Breath 18×
- Berean Standard Bible: Spirit 181×, Wind 80×, Breath 30×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Spirit 133×, Wind 75×, Spirit of 70×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7307 across 377 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 67 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7307 across 376 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 78 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7307 across 368 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 31 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 9 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7307 across 410 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 27 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
40 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 40 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 times):
- a. רוּחַ פִּיו Jb 15:30 breath of his mouth, cf. 19:17; רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ La 4:20 (fig. of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Je 10:14 = 51:17, Hb 2:19 ψ 135:17; cf. Jb. 9:18 e.g. Job 15:30
- b. as mere breath: cf. 2 e. דִּבְרֵי־רוּחַ Jb 16:3 i.e. windy words; לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי נוֹאָשׁ Jb 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Je 5:13. e.g. Job 16:3
- c. as word of command: (1) of God: בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּל־ (נעשׂו) צְבָאָם ψ 33:6, cf. Is 34:16 (‖ פֶּה); (2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Is 11:4. e.g. Psalms 33:6
- d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּחַ אַפּוֹ יִכְלוּ Jb 4:9 Ex 15:8 (poem), 2 S 22:16 = ψ 18:16, Is 30:28; 59:19; (2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Is 25:4. e.g. Job 4:9
- e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַוִּים breath of life Gn 6:17; 7:15 (P); נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו Gn 7:22 (P); Ez 37:5, cf. v 6, 8, 9(×3), 10, 14 (breath or spirit), Ec 3:19. e.g. Genesis 6:17
- 2. wind (117 times):
- a. wind of heaven: Gn 8:1 (P) Ex 15:10 (E) Nu 11:31 (J) 1 K 18:45 +, Je 10:13, thence 51:16 ψ 135:7; רוּחַ י׳ Ho 13:15 Is 40:7, cf. Jb 26:13 (Di Bu); †רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Ex 10:13(×2); 14:21 (J) ψ 48:8 Je 18:17 Ez 17:10; 19:12; 27:26 Jon 4:8; †ר׳ צָפוֹן north wind Pr 25:23; †ר׳ יָם sea wind (west wind) Ex 10:19 (J); †ר׳ הַיּוֹם day wind, evening wind Gn 3:8 (J; cf. Ct 2:17; 4:6); †אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת four winds Je 49:36 Ez 37:9 (quarters?) Dn 8:8; 11:4 (fig. quarters; cf. b), Zc 2:10; 6:5; רוּחַ סְעָרָה storm wind ψ 107:25; 148:8 Ez 1:4 (ר׳ סְעָרוֹת), 13:11, 13; רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind ψ 55:9 (read poss. סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֹ Is 11:15 (read בְּעֹצֶם ר׳, v. עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc.; wind personif.: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 S 22:11 = ψ 18:11, 104:3, cf. Ho 4:19 ψ 104:4. e.g. Genesis 8:1
- b. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ez 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֹן v 17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֹם v 18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם v 19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת v 20 1 Ch 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Je 52:23 on the sides. e.g. Ezekiel 42:16
- c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Je 14:6; רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵינֵיהֶם Jb 41:8. e.g. Jeremiah 14:6
- d. air, gas, from womb (dub.); כְּמוֹ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Is 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Is 33:11 (Du, 3 c). e.g. Isaiah 26:18
- e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַ חַיְּי֑ Jb 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ 15:2; רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Is 41:29; רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Ec 1:14; 2:11, 17, 26; 4:4, 6; 6:9; cf. 1:17; 4:16; 5:15 Ho 12:2 ψ 78:39. e.g. Job 7:7
- 3. spirit, as breathing quickly in animation, agitation = temper, disposition (76 times; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):
- a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֹד רוּחַ 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4; מַה־זֶּה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1 K 21:5; וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gn 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֹ Ju 15:19; 1 S 30:12. e.g. 1 Kings 10:5
- b. courage: לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֹד ר׳ Jos 5:1; יִבְצֹר ר׳ נְגִידִים ψ 76:13; וְנָֽבְקָה ר׳ מִצְרַיִם Is 19:3; תתעטּף רוּחִי ψ 77:4; 142:4; 143:4; עוֹד ר׳ לֹא קָמָה Jos 2:11; ר׳ אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ Pr 18:14. e.g. Joshua 5:1
- c. temper, especially anger: רוּחָ רָעָה בֵּין וגו׳ Ju 9:23; אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם 8:3; משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ Pr 16:32, cf. 25:28; 29:11; Jb 15:13; הֵנִיחוּ אֶת־רוּחִי Zc 6:8; Ec 7:9; 10:4. e.g. Judges 9:23
- d. impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Ex 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, cf. (of י׳) Mi 2:7; קְצַר־רוּחַ Pr 14:29 (‖ אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Jb 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, cf. v 8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹא־תִקְצַר רוּחִי Jb 21:4; הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י׳ Mi 2:7; אֶרֶךְ ר׳ Ec 7:8. e.g. Exodus 6:9
- e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(י) (his) spirit was troubled Gn 41:8 (E) Dn 2:3, cf. v 1; מֹרַת רוּחַ Gn 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; עֲצוּבַת ר׳ Is 54:6, cf. Ez 3:14; Jb 6:4. e.g. Genesis 41:8
- f. as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָל־רוּחַ Ez 21:12, cf. Is 61:3; Pr 15:4, 13; 17:22; 18:14 ψ 143:7. e.g. Ezekiel 21:12
- g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ 1 Ch 5:26(×2;) 2 Ch 21:16; 36:22; Ezr 1:1, 5; Je 51:11; Hg 1:14(×3); הִנְנִי ן(וֹ)תֵן בּוֹ רוּחַ 2 K 19:7 = Is 37:7; Nu 14:24 (J; v. עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15(×2), 16; Dt 2:30; רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Nu 5:14(×2), 30 (P); רוּחַ זְנוּנִים Ho 4:12; 5:4; רוּחַ עִוְעִים Is 19:14; רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט 28:6; אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים בּוֹ (administrative) Gn 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 17:27. e.g. 1 Chronicles 5:26
- h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ רוּחַ בּוֹ Nu 27:18 (P; or g, as Gn 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַל־אֱלִישָׁע 2 K 2:15, cf. v 9; רוּחַ תַּרְדֵּמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, cf. Gn 2:21; 15:12, but Di al. g, as Is 19:14) Is 29:10; Mi 2:11; רוּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה Zc 13:2 (of lying proph.), cf. Ez 13:3. e.g. Numbers 27:18
- 4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, ‖ נֶפֶשׁ (25 times):
- a. gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֹ Zc 12:1; רוּחַ אֱלוֹהַּ בְּאַפִּי Jb 27:3, cf. Is 42:5. e.g. Zechariah 12:1
- b. God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי Jb 10:12, cf. 12:10; אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Nu 16:22; 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֹת Pr 16:2. e.g. Job 10:12
- c. it is therefore God’s spirit: Gn 6:3 (J; v. דִּין ad fin.). e.g. Genesis 6:3
- d. it departs at death: ψ 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2 e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Is 38:16 (Di principle of life), ψ 146:4; especially 104:29, 30; Jb 17:1; 34:14 (cf. v 15), Is 57:16; Ec 8:8(×2) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ מַה־דֶּרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Ec 11:5, cf. 3:21; over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ 12:7; בְּיָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי ψ 31:6. e.g. Psalms 78:39
- e. disembodied being (dub., Di Du breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַל־פָּנַי יַחֲלֹף Jb 4:15. e.g. Job 4:15
- 5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ:
- a. desire (poss. 3 g), Is 26:9 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ). e.g. Isaiah 26:9
- b. sorrow, trouble (prob. 3 e), Jb 7:11 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).—1 S 1:15 v. קָשֶׁה. e.g. Job 7:11
- 6. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, ‖ לֵב, or synon. with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Ex 28:3; Dt 34:9 (both P; prob. 3 g); תֹּעֵי רוּחַ Is 29:24, cf. Jb 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job’s words), ψ 77:7 (𝔊 Sym 𝔖 Jer troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Is 40:13; come into mind Ez 11:5, 20:32 (cf. לֵב Is 65:17; Je 3:16 +); 1 Ch 28:12. e.g. Exodus 28:3
- 7. rarely of the will; also = לֵב: רוּחַ נָכוֹן ψ 51:12 (= לֵב נָכוֹן 57:8(×2) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה v 14; נָֽדְבָה רוּחוֹ Ex 35:21 (P; cf. נְדִיב לֵב Ex 35:5, 22 (P) 2 Ch 29:31). e.g. Psalms 51:12
- 8. רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = לֵב: רוחֵ חֲדָשָׁה Ez 11:19; 18:31; 36:26; רוּחִו v 27 Is 59:21 (רוּחִי, ‖ דְּבָרַי; but prob. prophetic spirit 9 b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ez 18:31; 36:26; נְכֵה רוּחַ Is 66:2; דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ ψ 34:19 (cf. לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Is 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Is 65:14 (cf. 3 f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרָה ψ 51:19; (‖ לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, cf. נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב 34:19 Is 61:1); ψ 32:2; Pr 11:13; 16:18 ψ 78:8 Ec 7:8 (cf. גְּבַהּ לֵב Pr 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Pr 16:19; 29:23; Is 57:15; רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים v 15 (cf. 3 f). e.g. Ezekiel 11:19
- 9. spirit of God (94 times; not D or Je or any Deut. writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy prob. discredited from abuse by false prophets, v. נביא, נבא):
- a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Nu 11:17, 25(×2), 26, 29 (J), 1 S 10:6, 10 (cf. v 5), 19:20, 23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as ר׳ אֱלֹהִים רָעָה 1 S 16:15(×2), 16, = ר׳ רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ v 14 = צלח ר׳ א׳ רָעָה 18:10 (other narrative) = ר׳ י׳ רָעָה 19:9; ר׳ א׳ 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה v 23, cf. הָרוּחַ 1 K 22:21 = ר׳ שֶׁקֶר v 22, 23 = 2 Ch 18:20, 21, 22 = רוּחַ י׳ 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; cf. also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, ‖ הַנָּבִיא Ho 9:7; רוּחַ י׳ Mi 3:8 (‖ כֹּחַ) is prob. gloss. (We Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי Is 30:1; רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ez 2:2; 3:12, 14, 24; 8:3; 11:1, 5, 24 (Co gloss.), 37:1; 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), cf. Elijah 1 K 18:12; 2 K 2:16. e.g. Numbers 11:17
- b. spirit as impelling proph. to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition prob. Nu 24:2; 2 S 23:2; 1 Ch 12:18; elsewhere in Ch.: 2 Ch 15:1; 20:14; 24:20; distinctly in Is 11:2, 48:16, cf. 61:1; so of ancient prophets, Zc 7:12 Ne 9:30, cf., of future prophetic gift, Jo 3:1, 2. e.g. Numbers 24:2
- c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מושִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Isr.: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ י׳ על Ju 3:10; 11:29, cf. 6:34; 13:25; 14:6, 19; 15:14; 1 S 11:6; 16:13, 14; so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֹם Is 32:15; (2) resting upon Messianic king: Is 11:2(×3); upon servant of י׳, 42:1. e.g. Judges 3:10
- d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Ex 31:3; 35:31 (P); understanding Jb 32:8 (‖ נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Pr 1:23. e.g. Exodus 31:3
- e. as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gn 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Jb 33:4 (‖ נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opp. בָּשָׂר: Is 31:3; in cherubic chariot: Ez 1:12, cf. v 20, 21; 10:17; reviving Israel Ez 39:29; Zc 12:10; Is 44:3. e.g. Genesis 1:2
- f. = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: ר׳ קָדְשׁוֹ Is 63:10, 11 = ר׳ י׳ v 14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו v 9), cf. ψ 106:33; so also ר׳ קָדְשְׁךָ ψ 51:13 (in national prayer), cf. Ne 9:20 ψ 143:10; proph. of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֹכֲכֶם Hg 2:5; Zc 4:6; this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, ψ 139:7 (‖ פָּנֶיךָ; cf. v 8). e.g. Isaiah 63:10
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
n.f. Gn 41:8 (less often m. Nu 11:31) breath, wind, spirit;—abs. ר׳ Gn 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Je 52:23; cstr. רוּחַ Gn 6:17 +; sf. רוּחִי v 3 +, רוּחֲךָ ψ 104:30 +, etc.; pl. רוּחוֹת v 4 +, רֻחוֹת Je 49:36, רוּחֹת Nu 16:22; 26:16 (v. Brרוה in OT, JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from רוח (rûwach) (H7306) — to smell.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
רְוַוח
- 1. to be wide, extend; to be easy; ר׳ ל־ to feel relieved. Targ. Job XXXII, 20.—[Targ. Ps. XXIII, 5 רויחא Ms., ed. Lag. רווחא, v. רְוִיתָא.]—Snh. 7ᵃ כיון דר׳ ר׳, v. בִּדְקָא. Ḥull. 8ᵃ בית … מִירְוַוח ר׳ the cut widens, i.e. the parts cut through go apart, and are not affected by the heat of the knife. B. Bath. 90ᵇ תרעא דר׳ ר׳ when the market becomes easy (prices fall), it remains so (for the rest of the year). Taan. 23ᵇ אמינא … ר׳ עלמא וכ׳ (Ms. M. דוו, corr. acc.) I thought, as it has been raining, the world is at ease (prices will come down). Keth. 80ᵇ, v. רַוְוחָא. B. Bath. 167ᵃ (suspecting an erasure in a document) מ"ט רְוִיחַ ליה עלמא להאי וי"ו why has this Vav so much space?, opp. דחוק; a. fr.—Y. Sabb. XX, end, 17ᵈ נפל ביתיה על מאן דרויח עליה his house fell in over him who felt at ease (?), v. צְנִינִים.—[
- 2. to make room. Targ. Is. XLIX, 20 רְוַח לי (prob. to be read: רַוַּח Pa.; h. text גְּשָׁה.]
- 1. to widen, make room; give comfort. Targ. Prov. XVIII, 16 (h. text ירחיב).—Part. pass. מְרַוַּוח; f. מְרַוְּוחָא; pl. מרַוְּוחִין; מְרַוְּוחָן, מְרַוְּח׳. Targ. Jer. XXII, 14.—
- 2. (denom. of רוּחַ) to inspire.—Part. pass. as ab. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXII, 24 [read:] מְרַוְּוחֵי רוּחִין בישין possessed by evil spirits.
- 1. to make room, widen; to relieve. Targ. Y. Gen. XXVI, 22. Targ. Lam. III, 56 לאַרְוָוחוּתְנִי (verbal noun); a. e.—Sabb. 151ᵇ האי כוחלא … מַרְוַוח (or מְרַוַּוח Pa.) stibium widens (improves the eye-sight) up to forty years of age, מכאן … אַרְוָחֵי לא מרווח after that … it preserves the eye-sight, but does not improve it; a. e.—Part. pass. מַרְוַוח open; vacant. Targ. II Chr. XXIII, 15. Targ. I Sam. XX, 25; 27 (h. text ויִפָּקֵד).
- 2. to make profit, gain. Y. Ned. V, end, 39ᵇ חד בר נש נדר דלא מַרְוַוח (not מרווחא) a man made a vow that he would make no profit (in business). Ib. [read:] א"ל מאי אשבעת א"ל דלא מַרְוַוחְנָא he asked him, what didst thou swear (not to do)? Said he, that I will make no profit (v. Asheri to Gitt. 35ᵇ).
- 3. to cause to profit. B. Mets. 73ᵃ bot. אנא נטרנא … ומרווחנא להו בכמה I wait for them (give them time to move) until Iyar, and thus I benefit them greatly; a. e.—Part. pass. מַרְוַוח. Ber. 56ᵃ מ׳ עסקך thy business will be profitable, opp. פסיד.
- a) אתר׳ ל־ to be relieved; to be better. Targ. I Sam. VI, 3. Ib. XVI, 23; a. e.—b) to be blessed (with issue, with increase of wealth). Targ. Gen. XX, 17. Targ. Y. ib. XXII, 20. Ib. XXV, 21. Ib. XXVI, 31.
רָוַח
- , v. sub רווח.
רוּחַ I
- to smell, v. רִיחַ.
רוּחַ II
- 1. wind, air; direction, side. Ex. R. s. 1522 שלשה בריות … המים והר׳ וכ׳ three creations preceded the formation of the world: water, air, and fire; הר׳ הרה וכ׳ the air (spirit) conceived and gave birth to wisdom. B. Mets. 107ᵇ הכל בר׳ all (diseases) are caused by the air. Ḥag. 12ᵃ עשרה … ר׳ ומים וכ׳ ten things were created on the first day: heaven …, air and water &c. Ib. 12ᵇ הרים בר׳ the mountains are sustained by the air, ר׳ בסערה the air by the wind-storm.—Ber. 31ᵃ יכול … לכל ר׳ שירצה you may think a man may pray facing any direction he may desire. B. Bath. 22ᵇ מר׳ אחת from one side. Ib. II, 9 לכל ר׳ עושה וכ׳ one may erect a tannery on any side of the town except the western. Ib. 25ᵇ ר׳ דרומית the southern wind. Kil. V, 5; a. v. fr.—Pl. רוּחוֹת. Ab. III, 17 שאפי׳ כל הר׳ וכ׳ even if all the winds were to come and blow at them &c. Kil. III, 1 בארבע ר׳ הערוגה on the four sides of the bed. Y. ib. VI, end, 30ᶜ מגופף מארבע רוּחוֹתָיו enclosed on its four sides. Pes. 94ᵃ לארבע ר׳ העולם he may turn towards any of the four directions of the world; a. v. fr.
- 2. mind, disposition, spirit. Ab. III, 10, v. נוּחַ h. Y. Peah I, 15ᶜ bot., a. e., v. הֲנָחָה. Ab. IV, 7, v. גַּס III. Ib. V, 19 ר׳ נמוכה a lowly spirit; a. v. fr.
- 3. spirit, soul. Gen. R. s. 7, end נפש חיה זה רוּחוֹ של וכ׳ ‘a living soul’ (Gen. II, 19), this means the soul of Adam. Gen. R. s. 2 ורוח אלהים זו רוחו וכ׳ ‘and the spirit of God’ (Gen. I, 2), this means the soul of the king Messiah; a. v. fr.—Esp. ר׳ הקדש (abbr. רוה"ק) the holy spirit, prophetic inspiration, intuition. Ab. Zar. 20ᵇ קדושה … רוה"ק sanctity (of life) leads to prophetic inspiration. Meg. 7ᵃ אסתר ברוה"ק וכ׳ the Book of Esther was composed in a spirit of prophecy. Yoma 9ᵇ משמתו … נסתלקה רוה"ק וכ׳ with the death of the last prophets, Haggai …, the prophetic spirit was withdrawn from Israel. Ber. 10ᵃ חזאי לי ברוה"ק וכ׳ I saw in a prophetic vision that unworthy children would go forth &c.; a. v. fr.—Snḥ. 65ᵇ, a. fr. ר׳ טומאה unholy inspiration (augury &c.). e.g. Genesis 2:19
- 4. (evil) spirit, demon. Pes. 112ᵃ ר׳ רעה (סכנת) the danger threatening from an evil spirit; a. fr.—ר׳ צרדה, ר׳ צרעת, ר׳ תזזית &c., v. respective determinants.—Pl. רוּחוֹת, רוּחִין. Gen. R. s. 20 ר׳ הזכרים male demons; ר׳ נקבות female demons. Erub. 18ᵇ הוליד ר׳ ושדין וכ׳ begot spirits and demons &c.; a. fr.
רִיחַ
- (b. h.) to breathe, waft, blow.—Denom. רוּחַ.
- to scent, smell. Gen. R. s. 34 הלך וַהֲרִיחָהּ (not וריחה) he went and smelled of it. Ib. (ref. to Gen. VIII, 21) ה׳ ריחו של אברהם וכ׳ he smelled the savor of Abraham, our father, rising from the fiery furnace (foresaw the self-sacrifice of Abraham); ה׳ דורו של שמד he smelled the savor of the generation of persecution (foresaw their martyrdom). Snh. 11ᵃ ה׳ ריח שום he perceived the smell of garlic. Zeb. 62ᵃ הֵרִיחוּ ריח קטרת they smelled the savor of frankincense (at the place where the Temple had stood). Nidd. 58ᵇ כל המוללו מֵרִיחַ בו whoever crushes it, smells its odor. Snh. 109ᵃ לערב באין ומְרִיחִין אותו וכ׳ in the evening they came and scented it (the balsam) like a dog. Yoma VIII, 4 עוברה שהֵרִיחָה וכ׳ a woman with child that smelled (a dish on the Day of Atonement, and has a morbid desire for it) must be given to eat, until she feels restored. B. Bath. 146ᵃ bot. ריח צנון אני מריח בגליל I smell a radish in Galilee (have a strong appetite for a Galilean radish); a. fr. e.g. Genesis 8:21
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 123 distinct written forms H7307 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 63 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H7307, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 6 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 335 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 348 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 1:2
- Exodus 6:9
- Numbers 5:14
- Deuteronomy 2:30
- Joshua 2:11
- Judges 3:10
- 1 Samuel 1:15
- 2 Samuel 22:11
- 1 Kings 10:5
- 2 Kings 2:9
- 1 Chronicles 5:26
- 2 Chronicles 9:4
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
