רוּחַ
spirit
also: wind, breath, mind fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Construct-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Both
- Attested as both masculine and feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Construct 203 times (54%)
- Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Absolute 162 times (43%)
- Noun, Common, Both, Plural, Absolute 9 times (2%)
- Noun, Common, Both, Plural, Construct 4 times (1%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 378 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Page 2 of 2 — showing verses 201–348 of 348 distinct verses where H7307 appears, across 32 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Ecclesiastes 20 verses
- Ecclesiastes 7:9 בְּ/רֽוּחֲ/ךָ֖ prep + n c bs cs + sfx pers 2ms Don't be hasty in your spirit to be angry, for anger rests in the bosom of fools.
- Ecclesiastes 8:8 בָּ/ר֨וּחַ֙ הָ/ר֔וּחַ prep det + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs There is no man who has power over the spirit to contain the spirit; neither does he have power over the day of death. There is no discharge in war; neither shall wickedness deliver those who practice it.
- Ecclesiastes 10:4 ר֤וּחַ n c bs cs If the spirit of the ruler rises up against you, don't leave your place; for gentleness lays great offenses to rest.
- Ecclesiastes 11:4 ר֖וּחַ n c bs He who observes the wind won't sow; And he who regards the clouds won't reap.
- Ecclesiastes 11:5 הָ/ר֔וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs As you don't know what is the way of the wind, Nor how the bones grow in the womb of her who is with child; Even so you don't know the work of God who does all.
- Ecclesiastes 12:7 וְ/הָ/ר֣וּחַ conj + ptcl def.art + n c bs And the dust returns to the earth as it was, And the spirit returns to God who gave it.
Isaiah 46 verses
- Isaiah 4:4 בְּ/ר֥וּחַ וּ/בְ/ר֥וּחַ prep + n c bs cs conj + prep + n c bs cs when the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged the blood of Jerusalem from its midst, by the spirit of justice, and by the spirit of burning.
- Isaiah 7:2 רֽוּחַ n c bs It was told the house of David, saying, "Syria is allied with Ephraim." His heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest tremble with the wind.
- Isaiah 11:2 ר֣וּחַ ר֧וּחַ ר֤וּחַ ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs n c bs cs n c bs cs n c bs cs The Spirit of Yahweh shall rest on him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Yahweh.
- Isaiah 11:4 וּ/בְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + prep + n c bs cs but with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and decide with equity for the humble of the earth; and he shall strike the earth with the rod of his mouth; and with the breath of his lips shall he kill the wicked.
- Isaiah 11:15 רוּח֑/וֹ n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms Yahweh will utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with his scorching wind will he wave his hand over the River, and will strike it into seven streams, and cause men to march over in sandals.
- Isaiah 17:13 ר֔וּחַ n c bs The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but he shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like the whirling dust before the storm.
- Isaiah 19:3 רֽוּחַ n c bs cs The spirit of Egypt shall fail in the midst of it; and I will destroy the counsel of it: and they shall seek to the idols, and to the charmers, and to those who have familiar spirits, and to the wizards.
- Isaiah 19:14 ר֣וּחַ n c bs cs Yahweh has mixed a spirit of perverseness in the midst of her; and they have caused Egypt to go astray in every work of it, as a drunken man staggers in his vomit.
- Isaiah 25:4 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs For you have been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shade from the heat, when the blast of the awesome ones is as a storm against the wall.
- Isaiah 26:9 רוּחִ֥/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs With my soul have I desired you in the night; yes, with my spirit within me will I seek you earnestly: for when your judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world learn righteousness.
- Isaiah 26:18 ר֑וּחַ n c bs We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not worked any deliverance in the earth; neither have the inhabitants of the world fallen.
- Isaiah 27:8 בְּ/רוּח֥/וֹ prep + n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms In measure, when you send them away, you do contend with them; he has removed [them] with his rough blast in the day of the east wind.
- Isaiah 28:6 וּ/לְ/ר֖וּחַ conj + prep + n c bs cs and a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment, and strength to those who turn back the battle at the gate.
- Isaiah 29:10 ר֣וּחַ n c bs cs For Yahweh has poured out on you the spirit of deep sleep, and has closed your eyes, the prophets; and your heads, the seers, has he covered.
- Isaiah 29:24 ר֖וּחַ n c bs They also who err in spirit shall come to understanding, and those who murmur shall receive instruction.
- Isaiah 30:1 רוּחִ֑/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs Woe to the rebellious children, says Yahweh, who take counsel, but not of me; and who make a league, but not of my Spirit, that they may add sin to sin,
- Isaiah 30:28 וְ/רוּח֞/וֹ conj + n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms and his breath is as an overflowing stream, that reaches even to the neck, to sift the nations with the sieve of destruction: and a bridle that causes to err [shall be] in the jaws of the peoples.
- Isaiah 31:3 ר֑וּחַ n c bs Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit: and when Yahweh shall stretch out his hand, both he who helps shall stumble, and he who is helped shall fall, and they all shall be consumed together.
- Isaiah 32:2 ר֖וּחַ n c bs A man shall be as a hiding-place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest, as streams of water in a dry place, as the shade of a great rock in a weary land.
- Isaiah 32:15 ר֖וּחַ n c bs until the Spirit be poured on us from on high, and the wilderness become a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be esteemed as a forest.
- Isaiah 33:11 רוּחֲ/כֶ֕ם n c bs cs + sfx pers 2mp You shall conceive chaff, you shall bring forth stubble: your breath is a fire that shall devour you.
- Isaiah 34:16 וְ/רוּח֖/וֹ conj + n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms Seek you out of the book of Yahweh, and read: no one of these shall be missing, none shall want her mate; for my mouth, it has commanded, and his Spirit, it has gathered them.
- Isaiah 37:7 ר֔וּחַ n c bs Behold, I will put a spirit in him, and he shall hear news, and shall return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.
- Isaiah 38:16 רוּחִ֔/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs Lord, by these things men live; Wholly therein is the life of my spirit: You restore me, and cause me to live.
- Isaiah 40:7 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs The grass withers, the flower fades, because the breath of Yahweh blows on it; surely the people is grass.
- Isaiah 40:13 ר֖וּחַ n c bs cs Who has directed the Spirit of Yahweh, or being his counselor has taught him?
- Isaiah 41:16 וְ/ר֣וּחַ conj + n c bs You shall winnow them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them; and you shall rejoice in Yahweh, you shall glory in the Holy One of Israel.
- Isaiah 41:29 ר֥וּחַ n c bs Behold, all of them, their works are vanity [and] nothing; their molten images are wind and confusion.
- Isaiah 42:1 רוּחִ/י֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs Behold, my servant, whom I uphold; my chosen, in whom my soul delights: I have put my Spirit on him; he will bring forth justice to the Gentiles.
- Isaiah 42:5 וְ/ר֖וּחַ conj + n c bs Thus says God Yahweh, he who created the heavens, and stretched them forth; he who spread abroad the earth and that which comes out of it; he who gives breath to the people on it, and spirit to those who walk therein:
- Isaiah 44:3 רוּחִ/י֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs For I will pour water on him who is thirsty, and streams on the dry ground; I will pour my Spirit on your seed, and my blessing on your offspring:
- Isaiah 48:16 וְ/רוּחֽ/וֹ conj + n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms Come you near to me, hear you this; from the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I: and now the Lord Yahweh has sent me, and his Spirit.
- Isaiah 54:6 ר֖וּחַ n c bs For Yahweh has called you as a wife forsaken and grieved in spirit, even a wife of youth, when she is cast off, says your God.
- Isaiah 57:13 ר֖וּחַ n c bs When you cry, let those who you have gathered deliver you; but the wind shall take them, a breath shall carry them all away: but he who takes refuge in me shall possess the land, and shall inherit my holy mountain.
- Isaiah 57:15 ר֔וּחַ ר֣וּחַ n c bs n c bs cs For thus says the high and lofty One who inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy: I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also who is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite.
- Isaiah 57:16 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs For I will not contend forever, neither will I be always angry; for the spirit would faint before me, and the souls who I have made.
- Isaiah 59:19 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs So shall they fear the name of Yahweh from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun; for he will come as a rushing stream, which the breath of Yahweh drives.
- Isaiah 59:21 רוּחִ/י֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs As for me, this is my covenant with them, says Yahweh: my Spirit who is on you, and my words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart out of your mouth, nor out of the mouth of your seed, nor out of the mouth of your seed's seed, says Yahweh, from henceforth and forever.
- Isaiah 61:1 ר֛וּחַ n c bs cs The Spirit of the Lord Yahweh is on me; because Yahweh has anointed me to preach good news to the humble; he has sent me to bind up the broken-hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening [of the prison] to those who are bound;
- Isaiah 61:3 ר֣וּחַ n c bs to appoint to those who mourn in Zion, to give to them a garland for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they may be called trees of righteousness, the planting of Yahweh, that he may be glorified.
- Isaiah 63:10 ר֣וּחַ n c bs cs But they rebelled, and grieved his holy Spirit: therefore he was turned to be their enemy, [and] himself fought against them.
- Isaiah 63:11 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs Then he remembered the days of old, Moses [and] his people, [saying], Where is he who brought them up out of the sea with the shepherds of his flock? where is he who put his holy Spirit in the midst of them?
- Isaiah 63:14 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs As the cattle that go down into the valley, the Spirit of Yahweh caused them to rest; so did you lead your people, to make yourself a glorious name.
- Isaiah 64:6 כָּ/ר֥וּחַ prep det + n c bs For we are all become as one who is unclean, and all our righteousness are as a polluted garment: and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, take us away.
- Isaiah 65:14 ר֖וּחַ n c bs behold, my servants shall sing for joy of heart, but you shall cry for sorrow of heart, and shall wail for vexation of spirit.
- Isaiah 66:2 ר֔וּחַ n c bs For all these things has my hand made, and [so] all these things came to be, says Yahweh: but to this man will I look, even to him who is poor and of a contrite spirit, and who trembles at my word.
Jeremiah 17 verses
- Jeremiah 2:24 ר֔וּחַ n c bs a wild donkey used to the wilderness, that snuffs up the wind in her desire; in her occasion who can turn her away? all those who seek her will not weary themselves; in her month they shall find her.
- Jeremiah 4:11 ר֣וּחַ n c bs At that time shall it be said to this people and to Jerusalem, A hot wind from the bare heights in the wilderness toward the daughter of my people, not to winnow, nor to cleanse;
- Jeremiah 4:12 ר֧וּחַ n c bs a full wind from these shall come for me: now will I also utter judgments against them.
- Jeremiah 5:13 לְ/ר֔וּחַ prep + n c bs and the prophets shall become wind, and the word is not in them: thus shall it be done to them.
- Jeremiah 10:13 ר֖וּחַ n c bs when he utters his voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens, and he causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth; he makes lightnings for the rain, and brings forth the wind out of his treasuries.
- Jeremiah 10:14 ר֥וּחַ n c bs Every man is become brutish [and is] without knowledge; every goldsmith is disappointed by his engraved image; for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.
- Jeremiah 13:24 לְ/ר֖וּחַ prep + n c bs cs Therefore will I scatter them, as the stubble that passes away, by the wind of the wilderness.
- Jeremiah 14:6 ר֖וּחַ n c bs The wild donkeys stand on the bare heights, they pant for air like jackals; their eyes fail, because there is no herbage.
- Jeremiah 18:17 כְּ/רֽוּחַ prep + n c bs cs I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I will show them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity.
- Jeremiah 22:22 ר֔וּחַ n c bs The wind shall feed all your shepherds, and your lovers shall go into captivity: surely then shall you be ashamed and confounded for all your wickedness.
- Jeremiah 49:32 ר֖וּחַ n c bs Their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter to all winds those who have the corners [of their hair] cut off; and I will bring their calamity from every side of them, says Yahweh.
- Jeremiah 49:36 רוּח֗וֹת הָ/רֻח֣וֹת n c bp ptcl def.art + n c bp On Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of the sky, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there shall be no nation where the outcasts of Elam shall not come.
- Jeremiah 51:1 ר֖וּחַ n c bs Thus says Yahweh: Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against those who dwell in Lebkamai, a destroying wind.
- Jeremiah 51:11 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs cs Make sharp the arrows; hold firm the shields: Yahweh has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it: for it is the vengeance of Yahweh, the vengeance of his temple.
- Jeremiah 51:16 ר֖וּחַ n c bs when he utters his voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens, and he causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth; he makes lightnings for the rain, and brings forth the wind out of his treasuries.
- Jeremiah 51:17 ר֥וּחַ n c bs Every man is become brutish [and is] without knowledge; every goldsmith is disappointed by his image; for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.
- Jeremiah 52:23 ר֑וּחָ/ה n c bs + sfx dem There were ninety-six pomegranates on the sides; all the pomegranates were one hundred on the network round about.
Lamentations 1 verse
Ezekiel 44 verses
- Ezekiel 1:4 ר֨וּחַ n c bs cs I looked, and, behold, a stormy wind came out of the north, a great cloud, with flashing lightning, and a brightness round about it, and out of the midst of it as it were glowing metal, out of the midst of the fire.
- Ezekiel 1:12 הָ/ר֤וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs They went everyone straight forward: where the spirit was to go, they went; they didn't turn when they went.
- Ezekiel 1:20 הָ/ר֤וּחַ הָ/ר֖וּחַ ר֥וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs n c bs cs Wherever the spirit was to go, they went; there was the spirit to go: and the wheels were lifted up beside them; for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.
- Ezekiel 1:21 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs When those went, these went; and when those stood, these stood; and when those were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up beside them: for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.
- Ezekiel 2:2 ר֗וּחַ n c bs The Spirit entered into me when he spoke to me, and set me on my feet; and I heard him who spoke to me.
- Ezekiel 3:12 ר֔וּחַ n c bs Then the Spirit lifted me up, and I heard behind me the voice of a great rushing, [saying], Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place.
- Ezekiel 3:14 וְ/ר֥וּחַ רוּחִ֔/י conj + n c bs n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs So the Spirit lifted me up, and took me away; and I went in bitterness, in the heat of my spirit; and the hand of Yahweh was strong on me.
- Ezekiel 3:24 ר֔וּחַ n c bs Then the Spirit entered into me, and set me on my feet; and he spoke with me, and said to me, Go, shut yourself within your house.
- Ezekiel 5:2 לָ/ר֔וּחַ prep det + n c bs A third part shall you burn in the fire in the midst of the city, when the days of the siege are fulfilled; and you shall take a third part, and strike with the sword round about it; and a third part you shall scatter to the wind, and I will draw out a sword after them.
- Ezekiel 5:10 רֽוּחַ n c bs Therefore the fathers shall eat the sons in the midst of you, and the sons shall eat their fathers; and I will execute judgments on you; and the whole remnant of you will I scatter to all the winds.
- Ezekiel 5:12 ר֣וּחַ n c bs A third part of you shall die with the pestilence, and with famine shall they be consumed in the midst of you; and a third part shall fall by the sword round about you; and a third part I will scatter to all the winds, and will draw out a sword after them.
- Ezekiel 8:3 ר֣וּחַ n c bs He put forth the form of a hand, and took me by a lock of my head; and the Spirit lifted me up between earth and the sky, and brought me in the visions of God to Jerusalem, to the door of the gate of the inner [court] that looks toward the north; where was the seat of the image of jealousy, which provokes to jealousy.
- Ezekiel 10:17 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs When they stood, these stood; and when they mounted up, these mounted up with them: for the spirit of the living creature was in them.
- Ezekiel 11:1 ר֗וּחַ n c bs Moreover the Spirit lifted me up, and brought me to the east gate of Yahweh's house, which looks eastward: and see, at the door of the gate twenty-five men; and I saw in the midst of them Jaazaniah the son of Azzur, and Pelatiah the son of Benaiah, princes of the people.
- Ezekiel 11:5 ר֣וּחַ רֽוּחֲ/כֶ֖ם n c bs cs n c bs cs + sfx pers 2mp The Spirit of Yahweh fell on me, and he said to me, Speak, Thus says Yahweh: Thus have you said, house of Israel; for I know the things that come into your mind.
- Ezekiel 11:19 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them a heart of flesh;
- Ezekiel 11:24 וְ/ר֣וּחַ בְּ/ר֣וּחַ conj + n c bs prep + n c bs cs The Spirit lifted me up, and brought me in the vision by the Spirit of God into Chaldea, to them of the captivity. So the vision that I had seen went up from me.
- Ezekiel 12:14 ר֑וּחַ n c bs I will scatter toward every wind all who are round about him to help him, and all his bands; and I will draw out the sword after them.
- Ezekiel 13:3 רוּחָ֖/ם n c bs cs + sfx pers 3mp Thus says the Lord Yahweh, Woe to the foolish prophets, who follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing!
- Ezekiel 13:11 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs cs tell those who daub it with whitewash, that it shall fall: there shall be an overflowing shower; and you, great hailstones, shall fall; and a stormy wind shall tear it.
- Ezekiel 13:13 רֽוּחַ n c bs cs Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: I will even tear it with a stormy wind in my wrath; and there shall be an overflowing shower in my anger, and great hailstones in wrath to consume it.
- Ezekiel 17:10 ר֤וּחַ n c bs cs Yes, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not utterly wither, when the east wind touches it? it shall wither in the beds where it grew.
- Ezekiel 17:21 ר֣וּחַ n c bs All his fugitives in all his bands shall fall by the sword, and those who remain shall be scattered toward every wind: and you shall know that I, Yahweh, have spoken it.
- Ezekiel 18:31 וְ/ר֣וּחַ conj + n c bs Cast away from you all your transgressions, in which you have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will you die, house of Israel?
- Ezekiel 19:12 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs cs But it was plucked up in fury, it was cast down to the ground, and the east wind dried up its fruit: its strong rods were broken off and withered; the fire consumed them.
- Ezekiel 20:32 ר֣וּחֲ/כֶ֔ם n c bs cs + sfx pers 2mp and that which comes into your mind shall not be at all, in that you say, We will be as the nations, as the families of the countries, to serve wood and stone.
- Ezekiel 21:7 ר֗וּחַ n c bs It shall be, when they tell you, Why do you sigh? that you shall say, Because of the news, for it comes; and every heart shall melt, and all hands shall be feeble, and every spirit shall faint, and all knees shall be weak as water: behold, it comes, and it shall be done, says the Lord Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 27:26 ר֚וּחַ n c bs cs Your rowers have brought you into great waters: the east wind has broken you in the heart of the seas.
- Ezekiel 36:26 וְ/ר֥וּחַ conj + n c bs A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh.
- Ezekiel 36:27 רוּחִ֖/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and you shall keep my ordinances, and do them.
- Ezekiel 37:1 בְ/ר֨וּחַ֙ prep + n c bs cs The hand of Yahweh was on me, and he brought me out in the Spirit of Yahweh, and set me down in the midst of the valley; and it was full of bones.
- Ezekiel 37:5 ר֖וּחַ n c bs Thus says the Lord Yahweh to these bones: Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and you shall live.
- Ezekiel 37:6 ר֖וּחַ n c bs I will lay sinews on you, and will bring up flesh on you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and you shall live; and you shall know that I am Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 37:8 וְ/ר֖וּחַ conj + n c bs I saw, and, behold, there were sinews on them, and flesh came up, and skin covered them above; but there was no breath in them.
- Ezekiel 37:9 הָ/ר֑וּחַ הָ/ר֜וּחַ רוּחוֹת֙ הָ/ר֔וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs n c bp ptcl def.art + n c bs Then said he to me, Prophesy to the wind, prophesy, son of man, and tell the wind, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Come from the four winds, breath, and breathe on these slain, that they may live.
- Ezekiel 37:10 הָ/ר֜וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath came into them, and they lived, and stood up on their feet, an exceeding great army.
- Ezekiel 37:14 רוּחִ֤/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs I will put my Spirit in you, and you shall live, and I will place you in your own land: and you shall know that I, Yahweh, have spoken it and performed it, says Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 39:29 רוּחִ/י֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs neither will I hide my face any more from them; for I have poured out my Spirit on the house of Israel, says the Lord Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 42:16 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs He measured on the east side with the measuring reed five hundred reeds, with the measuring reed round about.
- Ezekiel 42:17 ר֣וּחַ n c bs cs He measured on the north side five hundred reeds with the measuring reed round about.
- Ezekiel 42:18 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs He measured on the south side five hundred reeds with the measuring reed.
- Ezekiel 42:19 ר֣וּחַ n c bs cs He turned about to the west side, and measured five hundred reeds with the measuring reed.
- Ezekiel 42:20 רוּח֜וֹת n c bp He measured it on the four sides: it had a wall round about, the length five hundred, and the breadth five hundred, to make a separation between that which was holy and that which was common.
- Ezekiel 43:5 ר֔וּחַ n c bs The Spirit took me up, and brought me into the inner court; and, behold, the glory of Yahweh filled the house.
Daniel 4 verses
- Daniel 2:1 רוּח֔/וֹ n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms In the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuchadnezzar dreamed dreams; and his spirit was troubled, and his sleep went from him.
- Daniel 2:3 רוּחִ֔/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs The king said to them, I have dreamed a dream, and my spirit is troubled to know the dream.
- Daniel 8:8 רוּח֥וֹת n c bp cs The male goat magnified himself exceedingly: and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and instead of it there came up four notable [horns] toward the four winds of the sky.
- Daniel 11:4 רוּח֣וֹת n c bp cs When he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of the sky, but not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion with which he ruled; for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others besides these.
Hosea 7 verses
- Hosea 4:12 ר֤וּחַ n c bs cs My people consult with their wooded idol, And answer to a stick of wood. Indeed the spirit of prostitution has led them astray, And they have been unfaithful to their God.
- Hosea 4:19 ר֛וּחַ n c bs The wind has wrapped her up in its wings; And they shall be disappointed because of their sacrifices.
- Hosea 5:4 ר֤וּחַ n c bs cs Their deeds won't allow them to turn to their God; For the spirit of prostitution is within them, And they don't know Yahweh.
- Hosea 8:7 ר֥וּחַ n c bs For they sow the wind, And they will reap the whirlwind. He has no standing grain. The stalk will yield no head. If it does yield, strangers will swallow it up.
- Hosea 9:7 הָ/ר֔וּחַ ptcl def.art + n c bs The days of visitation have come. The days of reckoning have come. Israel will consider the prophet to be a fool, And the man who is inspired to be insane, Because of the abundance of your sins, And because your hostility is great.
- Hosea 12:1 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs Ephraim feeds on wind, And chases the east wind. He continually multiplies lies and desolation. They make a covenant with Assyria, And oil is carried into Egypt.
- Hosea 13:15 ר֨וּחַ n c bs cs Though he is fruitful among his brothers, an east wind will come, The breath of Yahweh coming up from the wilderness; And his spring will become dry, And his fountain will be dried up. He will plunder the storehouse of treasure.
Joel 2 verses
- Joel 2:28 רוּחִ/י֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs "It will happen afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; And your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your old men will dream dreams. Your young men will see visions.
- Joel 2:29 רוּחִֽ/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs And also on the servants and on the handmaids in those days, I will pour out my Spirit.
Amos 1 verse
Jonah 2 verses
- Jonah 1:4 רֽוּחַ n c bs But Yahweh sent out a great wind on the sea, and there was a mighty tempest on the sea, so that the ship was likely to break up.
- Jonah 4:8 ר֤וּחַ n c bs cs It happened, when the sun arose, that God prepared a sultry east wind; and the sun beat on Jonah's head, so that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said, "It is better for me to die than to live."
Micah 3 verses
- Micah 2:7 ר֣וּחַ n c bs cs Shall it be said, O house of Jacob: "Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these his doings? Don't my words do good to him who walks blamelessly?"
- Micah 2:11 ר֨וּחַ֙ n c bs If a man walking in a spirit of falsehood lies: 'I will prophesy to you of wine and of strong drink;' He would be the prophet of this people.
- Micah 3:8 ר֣וּחַ n c bs cs But as for me, I am full of power by the Spirit of Yahweh, And of judgment, and of might, To declare to Jacob his disobedience, And to Israel his sin.
Habakkuk 2 verses
- Habakkuk 1:11 ר֛וּחַ n c bs Then he sweeps by like the wind, and goes on. He is indeed guilty, whose strength is his god."
- Habakkuk 2:19 ר֖וּחַ n c bs Woe to him who says to the wood, 'Awake!' or to the mute stone, 'Arise!' Shall this teach? Behold, it is overlaid with gold and silver, and there is no breath at all in the midst of it.
Haggai 2 verses
- Haggai 1:14 רוּחַ֩ ר֨וּחַ֙ ר֔וּחַ n c bs cs n c bs cs n c bs cs Yahweh stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua, the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and worked on the house of Yahweh of Hosts, their God,
- Haggai 2:5 וְ/רוּחִ֖/י conj + n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs This is the word that I covenanted with you when you came out of Egypt, and my Spirit lived among you. Don't be afraid.'
Zechariah 9 verses
- Zechariah 2:6 רוּח֧וֹת n c bp cs Come! Come! Flee from the land of the north,' says Yahweh; 'for I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the sky,' says Yahweh.
- Zechariah 4:6 בְּ/רוּחִ֔/י prep + n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs Then he answered and spoke to me, saying, "This is the word of Yahweh to Zerubbabel, saying, 'Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit,' says Yahweh of Hosts.
- Zechariah 5:9 וְ/ר֣וּחַ conj + n c bs Then lifted I up my eyes, and saw, and, behold, there were two women, and the wind was in their wings. Now they had wings like the wings of a stork, and they lifted up the ephah basket between earth and the sky.
- Zechariah 6:5 רֻח֣וֹת n c bp cs The angel answered me, "These are the four winds of the sky, which go forth from standing before the Lord of all the earth.
- Zechariah 6:8 רוּחִ֖/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs Then he called to me, and spoke to me, saying, "Behold, those who go toward the north country have quieted my spirit in the north country."
- Zechariah 7:12 בְּ/רוּח֔/וֹ prep + n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms Yes, they made their hearts as hard as flint, lest they might hear the law, and the words which Yahweh of Hosts had sent by his Spirit by the former prophets. Therefore great wrath came from Yahweh of Hosts.
- Zechariah 12:1 רֽוּחַ n c bs cs An oracle. The word of Yahweh concerning Israel. Yahweh, who stretches out the heavens, and lays the foundation of the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him says:
- Zechariah 12:10 ר֤וּחַ n c bs cs I will pour on the house of David, and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they will look to me whom they have pierced; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for his only son, and will grieve bitterly for him, as one grieves for his firstborn.
- Zechariah 13:2 ר֥וּחַ n c bs cs It will come to pass in that day, says Yahweh of Hosts, that I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land, and they will no more be remembered; and also I will cause the prophets and the spirit of impurity to pass out of the land.
Malachi 2 verses
- Malachi 2:15 ר֨וּחַ֙ בְּ/ר֣וּחֲ/כֶ֔ם n c bs prep + n c bs cs + sfx pers 2mp Did he not make one, although he had the residue of the Spirit? Why one? He sought a godly seed. Therefore take heed to your spirit, and let none deal treacherously against the wife of his youth.
- Malachi 2:16 בְּ/רוּחֲ/כֶ֖ם prep + n c bs cs + sfx pers 2mp For I hate divorce," says Yahweh, the God of Israel, "and him who covers his garment with violence!' says Yahweh of Hosts. "Therefore take heed to your spirit, that you don't deal treacherously.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
רוח — transliterated rûwach — is a Hebrew noun carrying the sense “spirit.” It also covers “wind”, “breath”, and “mind”, alongside “spirit” — see its full sense range. With 348 verses in 32 books, it is a common word in the Hebrew Bible. It first appears in Genesis 1:2. From the same root come רוח, רוח and רחת. See the sense tree, 348-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7307 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 348
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 348 distinct verses.
- 32 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 32 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #131
- by frequency
- Top 250 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 131 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 348 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 348 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 180 verses · 52%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 133 verses · 38%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 35 verses · 10%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Spirit 187×, Wind 72×, Breath 19×
- American Standard Version: Spirit 152×, Wind 68×, Breath 18×
- Berean Standard Bible: Spirit 181×, Wind 80×, Breath 30×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Spirit 133×, Wind 75×, Spirit of 70×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7307 across 377 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 67 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7307 across 376 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 78 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7307 across 368 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 31 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 9 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7307 across 410 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 27 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
40 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 40 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 times):
- a. רוּחַ פִּיו Jb 15:30 breath of his mouth, cf. 19:17; רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ La 4:20 (fig. of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Je 10:14 = 51:17, Hb 2:19 ψ 135:17; cf. Jb. 9:18 e.g. Job 15:30
- b. as mere breath: cf. 2 e. דִּבְרֵי־רוּחַ Jb 16:3 i.e. windy words; לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי נוֹאָשׁ Jb 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Je 5:13. e.g. Job 16:3
- c. as word of command: (1) of God: בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּל־ (נעשׂו) צְבָאָם ψ 33:6, cf. Is 34:16 (‖ פֶּה); (2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Is 11:4. e.g. Psalms 33:6
- d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּחַ אַפּוֹ יִכְלוּ Jb 4:9 Ex 15:8 (poem), 2 S 22:16 = ψ 18:16, Is 30:28; 59:19; (2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Is 25:4. e.g. Job 4:9
- e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַוִּים breath of life Gn 6:17; 7:15 (P); נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו Gn 7:22 (P); Ez 37:5, cf. v 6, 8, 9(×3), 10, 14 (breath or spirit), Ec 3:19. e.g. Genesis 6:17
- 2. wind (117 times):
- a. wind of heaven: Gn 8:1 (P) Ex 15:10 (E) Nu 11:31 (J) 1 K 18:45 +, Je 10:13, thence 51:16 ψ 135:7; רוּחַ י׳ Ho 13:15 Is 40:7, cf. Jb 26:13 (Di Bu); †רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Ex 10:13(×2); 14:21 (J) ψ 48:8 Je 18:17 Ez 17:10; 19:12; 27:26 Jon 4:8; †ר׳ צָפוֹן north wind Pr 25:23; †ר׳ יָם sea wind (west wind) Ex 10:19 (J); †ר׳ הַיּוֹם day wind, evening wind Gn 3:8 (J; cf. Ct 2:17; 4:6); †אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת four winds Je 49:36 Ez 37:9 (quarters?) Dn 8:8; 11:4 (fig. quarters; cf. b), Zc 2:10; 6:5; רוּחַ סְעָרָה storm wind ψ 107:25; 148:8 Ez 1:4 (ר׳ סְעָרוֹת), 13:11, 13; רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind ψ 55:9 (read poss. סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֹ Is 11:15 (read בְּעֹצֶם ר׳, v. עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc.; wind personif.: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 S 22:11 = ψ 18:11, 104:3, cf. Ho 4:19 ψ 104:4. e.g. Genesis 8:1
- b. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ez 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֹן v 17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֹם v 18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם v 19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת v 20 1 Ch 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Je 52:23 on the sides. e.g. Ezekiel 42:16
- c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Je 14:6; רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵינֵיהֶם Jb 41:8. e.g. Jeremiah 14:6
- d. air, gas, from womb (dub.); כְּמוֹ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Is 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Is 33:11 (Du, 3 c). e.g. Isaiah 26:18
- e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַ חַיְּי֑ Jb 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ 15:2; רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Is 41:29; רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Ec 1:14; 2:11, 17, 26; 4:4, 6; 6:9; cf. 1:17; 4:16; 5:15 Ho 12:2 ψ 78:39. e.g. Job 7:7
- 3. spirit, as breathing quickly in animation, agitation = temper, disposition (76 times; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):
- a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֹד רוּחַ 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4; מַה־זֶּה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1 K 21:5; וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gn 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֹ Ju 15:19; 1 S 30:12. e.g. 1 Kings 10:5
- b. courage: לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֹד ר׳ Jos 5:1; יִבְצֹר ר׳ נְגִידִים ψ 76:13; וְנָֽבְקָה ר׳ מִצְרַיִם Is 19:3; תתעטּף רוּחִי ψ 77:4; 142:4; 143:4; עוֹד ר׳ לֹא קָמָה Jos 2:11; ר׳ אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ Pr 18:14. e.g. Joshua 5:1
- c. temper, especially anger: רוּחָ רָעָה בֵּין וגו׳ Ju 9:23; אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם 8:3; משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ Pr 16:32, cf. 25:28; 29:11; Jb 15:13; הֵנִיחוּ אֶת־רוּחִי Zc 6:8; Ec 7:9; 10:4. e.g. Judges 9:23
- d. impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Ex 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, cf. (of י׳) Mi 2:7; קְצַר־רוּחַ Pr 14:29 (‖ אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Jb 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, cf. v 8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹא־תִקְצַר רוּחִי Jb 21:4; הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י׳ Mi 2:7; אֶרֶךְ ר׳ Ec 7:8. e.g. Exodus 6:9
- e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(י) (his) spirit was troubled Gn 41:8 (E) Dn 2:3, cf. v 1; מֹרַת רוּחַ Gn 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; עֲצוּבַת ר׳ Is 54:6, cf. Ez 3:14; Jb 6:4. e.g. Genesis 41:8
- f. as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָל־רוּחַ Ez 21:12, cf. Is 61:3; Pr 15:4, 13; 17:22; 18:14 ψ 143:7. e.g. Ezekiel 21:12
- g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ 1 Ch 5:26(×2;) 2 Ch 21:16; 36:22; Ezr 1:1, 5; Je 51:11; Hg 1:14(×3); הִנְנִי ן(וֹ)תֵן בּוֹ רוּחַ 2 K 19:7 = Is 37:7; Nu 14:24 (J; v. עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15(×2), 16; Dt 2:30; רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Nu 5:14(×2), 30 (P); רוּחַ זְנוּנִים Ho 4:12; 5:4; רוּחַ עִוְעִים Is 19:14; רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט 28:6; אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים בּוֹ (administrative) Gn 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 17:27. e.g. 1 Chronicles 5:26
- h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ רוּחַ בּוֹ Nu 27:18 (P; or g, as Gn 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַל־אֱלִישָׁע 2 K 2:15, cf. v 9; רוּחַ תַּרְדֵּמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, cf. Gn 2:21; 15:12, but Di al. g, as Is 19:14) Is 29:10; Mi 2:11; רוּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה Zc 13:2 (of lying proph.), cf. Ez 13:3. e.g. Numbers 27:18
- 4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, ‖ נֶפֶשׁ (25 times):
- a. gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֹ Zc 12:1; רוּחַ אֱלוֹהַּ בְּאַפִּי Jb 27:3, cf. Is 42:5. e.g. Zechariah 12:1
- b. God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי Jb 10:12, cf. 12:10; אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Nu 16:22; 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֹת Pr 16:2. e.g. Job 10:12
- c. it is therefore God’s spirit: Gn 6:3 (J; v. דִּין ad fin.). e.g. Genesis 6:3
- d. it departs at death: ψ 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2 e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Is 38:16 (Di principle of life), ψ 146:4; especially 104:29, 30; Jb 17:1; 34:14 (cf. v 15), Is 57:16; Ec 8:8(×2) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ מַה־דֶּרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Ec 11:5, cf. 3:21; over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ 12:7; בְּיָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי ψ 31:6. e.g. Psalms 78:39
- e. disembodied being (dub., Di Du breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַל־פָּנַי יַחֲלֹף Jb 4:15. e.g. Job 4:15
- 5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ:
- a. desire (poss. 3 g), Is 26:9 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ). e.g. Isaiah 26:9
- b. sorrow, trouble (prob. 3 e), Jb 7:11 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).—1 S 1:15 v. קָשֶׁה. e.g. Job 7:11
- 6. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, ‖ לֵב, or synon. with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Ex 28:3; Dt 34:9 (both P; prob. 3 g); תֹּעֵי רוּחַ Is 29:24, cf. Jb 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job’s words), ψ 77:7 (𝔊 Sym 𝔖 Jer troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Is 40:13; come into mind Ez 11:5, 20:32 (cf. לֵב Is 65:17; Je 3:16 +); 1 Ch 28:12. e.g. Exodus 28:3
- 7. rarely of the will; also = לֵב: רוּחַ נָכוֹן ψ 51:12 (= לֵב נָכוֹן 57:8(×2) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה v 14; נָֽדְבָה רוּחוֹ Ex 35:21 (P; cf. נְדִיב לֵב Ex 35:5, 22 (P) 2 Ch 29:31). e.g. Psalms 51:12
- 8. רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = לֵב: רוחֵ חֲדָשָׁה Ez 11:19; 18:31; 36:26; רוּחִו v 27 Is 59:21 (רוּחִי, ‖ דְּבָרַי; but prob. prophetic spirit 9 b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ez 18:31; 36:26; נְכֵה רוּחַ Is 66:2; דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ ψ 34:19 (cf. לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Is 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Is 65:14 (cf. 3 f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרָה ψ 51:19; (‖ לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, cf. נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב 34:19 Is 61:1); ψ 32:2; Pr 11:13; 16:18 ψ 78:8 Ec 7:8 (cf. גְּבַהּ לֵב Pr 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Pr 16:19; 29:23; Is 57:15; רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים v 15 (cf. 3 f). e.g. Ezekiel 11:19
- 9. spirit of God (94 times; not D or Je or any Deut. writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy prob. discredited from abuse by false prophets, v. נביא, נבא):
- a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Nu 11:17, 25(×2), 26, 29 (J), 1 S 10:6, 10 (cf. v 5), 19:20, 23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as ר׳ אֱלֹהִים רָעָה 1 S 16:15(×2), 16, = ר׳ רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ v 14 = צלח ר׳ א׳ רָעָה 18:10 (other narrative) = ר׳ י׳ רָעָה 19:9; ר׳ א׳ 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה v 23, cf. הָרוּחַ 1 K 22:21 = ר׳ שֶׁקֶר v 22, 23 = 2 Ch 18:20, 21, 22 = רוּחַ י׳ 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; cf. also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, ‖ הַנָּבִיא Ho 9:7; רוּחַ י׳ Mi 3:8 (‖ כֹּחַ) is prob. gloss. (We Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי Is 30:1; רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ez 2:2; 3:12, 14, 24; 8:3; 11:1, 5, 24 (Co gloss.), 37:1; 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), cf. Elijah 1 K 18:12; 2 K 2:16. e.g. Numbers 11:17
- b. spirit as impelling proph. to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition prob. Nu 24:2; 2 S 23:2; 1 Ch 12:18; elsewhere in Ch.: 2 Ch 15:1; 20:14; 24:20; distinctly in Is 11:2, 48:16, cf. 61:1; so of ancient prophets, Zc 7:12 Ne 9:30, cf., of future prophetic gift, Jo 3:1, 2. e.g. Numbers 24:2
- c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מושִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Isr.: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ י׳ על Ju 3:10; 11:29, cf. 6:34; 13:25; 14:6, 19; 15:14; 1 S 11:6; 16:13, 14; so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֹם Is 32:15; (2) resting upon Messianic king: Is 11:2(×3); upon servant of י׳, 42:1. e.g. Judges 3:10
- d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Ex 31:3; 35:31 (P); understanding Jb 32:8 (‖ נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Pr 1:23. e.g. Exodus 31:3
- e. as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gn 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Jb 33:4 (‖ נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opp. בָּשָׂר: Is 31:3; in cherubic chariot: Ez 1:12, cf. v 20, 21; 10:17; reviving Israel Ez 39:29; Zc 12:10; Is 44:3. e.g. Genesis 1:2
- f. = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: ר׳ קָדְשׁוֹ Is 63:10, 11 = ר׳ י׳ v 14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו v 9), cf. ψ 106:33; so also ר׳ קָדְשְׁךָ ψ 51:13 (in national prayer), cf. Ne 9:20 ψ 143:10; proph. of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֹכֲכֶם Hg 2:5; Zc 4:6; this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, ψ 139:7 (‖ פָּנֶיךָ; cf. v 8). e.g. Isaiah 63:10
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
n.f. Gn 41:8 (less often m. Nu 11:31) breath, wind, spirit;—abs. ר׳ Gn 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Je 52:23; cstr. רוּחַ Gn 6:17 +; sf. רוּחִי v 3 +, רוּחֲךָ ψ 104:30 +, etc.; pl. רוּחוֹת v 4 +, רֻחוֹת Je 49:36, רוּחֹת Nu 16:22; 26:16 (v. Brרוה in OT, JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from רוח (rûwach) (H7306) — to smell.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
רְוַוח
- 1. to be wide, extend; to be easy; ר׳ ל־ to feel relieved. Targ. Job XXXII, 20.—[Targ. Ps. XXIII, 5 רויחא Ms., ed. Lag. רווחא, v. רְוִיתָא.]—Snh. 7ᵃ כיון דר׳ ר׳, v. בִּדְקָא. Ḥull. 8ᵃ בית … מִירְוַוח ר׳ the cut widens, i.e. the parts cut through go apart, and are not affected by the heat of the knife. B. Bath. 90ᵇ תרעא דר׳ ר׳ when the market becomes easy (prices fall), it remains so (for the rest of the year). Taan. 23ᵇ אמינא … ר׳ עלמא וכ׳ (Ms. M. דוו, corr. acc.) I thought, as it has been raining, the world is at ease (prices will come down). Keth. 80ᵇ, v. רַוְוחָא. B. Bath. 167ᵃ (suspecting an erasure in a document) מ"ט רְוִיחַ ליה עלמא להאי וי"ו why has this Vav so much space?, opp. דחוק; a. fr.—Y. Sabb. XX, end, 17ᵈ נפל ביתיה על מאן דרויח עליה his house fell in over him who felt at ease (?), v. צְנִינִים.—[
- 2. to make room. Targ. Is. XLIX, 20 רְוַח לי (prob. to be read: רַוַּח Pa.; h. text גְּשָׁה.]
- 1. to widen, make room; give comfort. Targ. Prov. XVIII, 16 (h. text ירחיב).—Part. pass. מְרַוַּוח; f. מְרַוְּוחָא; pl. מרַוְּוחִין; מְרַוְּוחָן, מְרַוְּח׳. Targ. Jer. XXII, 14.—
- 2. (denom. of רוּחַ) to inspire.—Part. pass. as ab. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXII, 24 [read:] מְרַוְּוחֵי רוּחִין בישין possessed by evil spirits.
- 1. to make room, widen; to relieve. Targ. Y. Gen. XXVI, 22. Targ. Lam. III, 56 לאַרְוָוחוּתְנִי (verbal noun); a. e.—Sabb. 151ᵇ האי כוחלא … מַרְוַוח (or מְרַוַּוח Pa.) stibium widens (improves the eye-sight) up to forty years of age, מכאן … אַרְוָחֵי לא מרווח after that … it preserves the eye-sight, but does not improve it; a. e.—Part. pass. מַרְוַוח open; vacant. Targ. II Chr. XXIII, 15. Targ. I Sam. XX, 25; 27 (h. text ויִפָּקֵד).
- 2. to make profit, gain. Y. Ned. V, end, 39ᵇ חד בר נש נדר דלא מַרְוַוח (not מרווחא) a man made a vow that he would make no profit (in business). Ib. [read:] א"ל מאי אשבעת א"ל דלא מַרְוַוחְנָא he asked him, what didst thou swear (not to do)? Said he, that I will make no profit (v. Asheri to Gitt. 35ᵇ).
- 3. to cause to profit. B. Mets. 73ᵃ bot. אנא נטרנא … ומרווחנא להו בכמה I wait for them (give them time to move) until Iyar, and thus I benefit them greatly; a. e.—Part. pass. מַרְוַוח. Ber. 56ᵃ מ׳ עסקך thy business will be profitable, opp. פסיד.
- a) אתר׳ ל־ to be relieved; to be better. Targ. I Sam. VI, 3. Ib. XVI, 23; a. e.—b) to be blessed (with issue, with increase of wealth). Targ. Gen. XX, 17. Targ. Y. ib. XXII, 20. Ib. XXV, 21. Ib. XXVI, 31.
רָוַח
- , v. sub רווח.
רוּחַ I
- to smell, v. רִיחַ.
רוּחַ II
- 1. wind, air; direction, side. Ex. R. s. 1522 שלשה בריות … המים והר׳ וכ׳ three creations preceded the formation of the world: water, air, and fire; הר׳ הרה וכ׳ the air (spirit) conceived and gave birth to wisdom. B. Mets. 107ᵇ הכל בר׳ all (diseases) are caused by the air. Ḥag. 12ᵃ עשרה … ר׳ ומים וכ׳ ten things were created on the first day: heaven …, air and water &c. Ib. 12ᵇ הרים בר׳ the mountains are sustained by the air, ר׳ בסערה the air by the wind-storm.—Ber. 31ᵃ יכול … לכל ר׳ שירצה you may think a man may pray facing any direction he may desire. B. Bath. 22ᵇ מר׳ אחת from one side. Ib. II, 9 לכל ר׳ עושה וכ׳ one may erect a tannery on any side of the town except the western. Ib. 25ᵇ ר׳ דרומית the southern wind. Kil. V, 5; a. v. fr.—Pl. רוּחוֹת. Ab. III, 17 שאפי׳ כל הר׳ וכ׳ even if all the winds were to come and blow at them &c. Kil. III, 1 בארבע ר׳ הערוגה on the four sides of the bed. Y. ib. VI, end, 30ᶜ מגופף מארבע רוּחוֹתָיו enclosed on its four sides. Pes. 94ᵃ לארבע ר׳ העולם he may turn towards any of the four directions of the world; a. v. fr.
- 2. mind, disposition, spirit. Ab. III, 10, v. נוּחַ h. Y. Peah I, 15ᶜ bot., a. e., v. הֲנָחָה. Ab. IV, 7, v. גַּס III. Ib. V, 19 ר׳ נמוכה a lowly spirit; a. v. fr.
- 3. spirit, soul. Gen. R. s. 7, end נפש חיה זה רוּחוֹ של וכ׳ ‘a living soul’ (Gen. II, 19), this means the soul of Adam. Gen. R. s. 2 ורוח אלהים זו רוחו וכ׳ ‘and the spirit of God’ (Gen. I, 2), this means the soul of the king Messiah; a. v. fr.—Esp. ר׳ הקדש (abbr. רוה"ק) the holy spirit, prophetic inspiration, intuition. Ab. Zar. 20ᵇ קדושה … רוה"ק sanctity (of life) leads to prophetic inspiration. Meg. 7ᵃ אסתר ברוה"ק וכ׳ the Book of Esther was composed in a spirit of prophecy. Yoma 9ᵇ משמתו … נסתלקה רוה"ק וכ׳ with the death of the last prophets, Haggai …, the prophetic spirit was withdrawn from Israel. Ber. 10ᵃ חזאי לי ברוה"ק וכ׳ I saw in a prophetic vision that unworthy children would go forth &c.; a. v. fr.—Snḥ. 65ᵇ, a. fr. ר׳ טומאה unholy inspiration (augury &c.). e.g. Genesis 2:19
- 4. (evil) spirit, demon. Pes. 112ᵃ ר׳ רעה (סכנת) the danger threatening from an evil spirit; a. fr.—ר׳ צרדה, ר׳ צרעת, ר׳ תזזית &c., v. respective determinants.—Pl. רוּחוֹת, רוּחִין. Gen. R. s. 20 ר׳ הזכרים male demons; ר׳ נקבות female demons. Erub. 18ᵇ הוליד ר׳ ושדין וכ׳ begot spirits and demons &c.; a. fr.
רִיחַ
- (b. h.) to breathe, waft, blow.—Denom. רוּחַ.
- to scent, smell. Gen. R. s. 34 הלך וַהֲרִיחָהּ (not וריחה) he went and smelled of it. Ib. (ref. to Gen. VIII, 21) ה׳ ריחו של אברהם וכ׳ he smelled the savor of Abraham, our father, rising from the fiery furnace (foresaw the self-sacrifice of Abraham); ה׳ דורו של שמד he smelled the savor of the generation of persecution (foresaw their martyrdom). Snh. 11ᵃ ה׳ ריח שום he perceived the smell of garlic. Zeb. 62ᵃ הֵרִיחוּ ריח קטרת they smelled the savor of frankincense (at the place where the Temple had stood). Nidd. 58ᵇ כל המוללו מֵרִיחַ בו whoever crushes it, smells its odor. Snh. 109ᵃ לערב באין ומְרִיחִין אותו וכ׳ in the evening they came and scented it (the balsam) like a dog. Yoma VIII, 4 עוברה שהֵרִיחָה וכ׳ a woman with child that smelled (a dish on the Day of Atonement, and has a morbid desire for it) must be given to eat, until she feels restored. B. Bath. 146ᵃ bot. ריח צנון אני מריח בגליל I smell a radish in Galilee (have a strong appetite for a Galilean radish); a. fr. e.g. Genesis 8:21
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 123 distinct written forms H7307 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 63 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H7307, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 6 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 335 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 348 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 1:2
- Exodus 6:9
- Numbers 5:14
- Deuteronomy 2:30
- Joshua 2:11
- Judges 3:10
- 1 Samuel 1:15
- 2 Samuel 22:11
- 1 Kings 10:5
- 2 Kings 2:9
- 1 Chronicles 5:26
- 2 Chronicles 9:4
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
