מִצְרַ֫יִם
Egypt
BDB lists 3 entries for ‘Egypt’ fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Proper
- A name of a specific person, place, or people (e.g. Abraham, Zion, Israel).
Every verse where H4714 appears in the Book of Exodus — 125 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Exodus
- Exodus 1:1 מִצְרָ֑יְמָ/ה n Proper + sfx dem Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):
- Exodus 1:5 בְ/מִצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper All the souls who came out of the Jacob's body were seventy souls, and Joseph was in Egypt already.
- Exodus 1:8 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who didn't know Joseph.
- Exodus 1:15 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah,
- Exodus 1:17 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper But the midwives feared God, and didn't do what the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the baby boys alive.
- Exodus 1:18 מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ n Proper The king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said to them, "Why have you done this thing, and have saved the men-children alive?"
- Exodus 2:23 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper It happened in the course of those many days, that the king of Egypt died, and the children of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up to God because of the bondage.
- Exodus 3:7 בְּ/מִצְרָ֑יִם prep + n Proper Yahweh said, "I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.
- Exodus 3:10 מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper Come now therefore, and I will send you to Pharaoh, that you may bring forth my people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt."
- Exodus 3:11 מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper Moses said to God, "Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt?"
- Exodus 3:12 מִ/מִּצְרַ֔יִם prep + n Proper He said, "Certainly I will be with you. This will be the token to you, that I have sent you: when you have brought forth the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain."
- Exodus 3:16 בְּ/מִצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and tell them, 'Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying, "I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt;
- Exodus 3:17 מִצְרַיִם֒ n Proper and I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey."'
- Exodus 3:18 מִצְרַ֗יִם n Proper They will listen to your voice, and you shall come, you and the elders of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and you shall tell him, 'Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now please let us go three days' journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to Yahweh, our God.'
- Exodus 3:19 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper I know that the king of Egypt won't give you permission to go, no, not by a mighty hand.
- Exodus 4:18 בְּ/מִצְרַ֔יִם prep + n Proper Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said to him, "Please let me go and return to my brothers who are in Egypt, and see whether they are still alive." Jethro said to Moses, "Go in peace."
- Exodus 4:19 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper Yahweh said to Moses in Midian, "Go, return into Egypt; for all the men who sought your life are dead."
- Exodus 4:20 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them on a donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. Moses took God's rod in his hand.
- Exodus 4:21 מִצְרַ֔יְמָ/ה n Proper + sfx dem Yahweh said to Moses, "When you go back into Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in your hand, but I will harden his heart and he will not let the people go.
- Exodus 5:4 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper The king of Egypt said to them, "Why do you, Moses and Aaron, take the people from their work? Get back to your burdens!"
- Exodus 5:12 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
- Exodus 6:5 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper Moreover I have heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage, and I have remembered my covenant.
- Exodus 6:6 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper Therefore tell the children of Israel, 'I am Yahweh, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm, and with great judgments:
- Exodus 6:7 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper and I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God; and you shall know that I am Yahweh your God, who brings you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.
- Exodus 6:11 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper "Go in, speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt, that he let the children of Israel go out of his land."
- Exodus 6:13 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper n Proper Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, and gave them a charge to the children of Israel, and to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 6:26 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper These are that Aaron and Moses, to whom Yahweh said, "Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their hosts."
- Exodus 6:27 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִ/מִּצְרָ֑יִם n Proper prep + n Proper These are those who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt. These are that Moses and Aaron.
- Exodus 6:28 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper It happened on the day when Yahweh spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt,
- Exodus 6:29 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper that Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "I am Yahweh. Speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I speak to you."
- Exodus 7:3 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 7:4 בְּ/מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרַ֔יִם prep + n Proper n Proper But Pharaoh will not listen to you, and I will lay my hand on Egypt, and bring forth my hosts, my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.
- Exodus 7:5 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper The Egyptians shall know that I am Yahweh, when I stretch forth my hand on Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them."
- Exodus 7:11 מִצְרַ֛יִם n Proper Then Pharaoh also called for the wise men and the sorcerers. They also, the magicians of Egypt, did in like manner with their enchantments.
- Exodus 7:19 מִצְרַ֜יִם מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell Aaron, 'Take your rod, and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.'"
- Exodus 7:21 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper The fish that were in the river died; and the river became foul, and the Egyptians couldn't drink water from the river; and the blood was throughout all the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 7:22 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper The magicians of Egypt did in like manner with their enchantments; and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he didn't listen to them; as Yahweh had spoken.
- Exodus 8:5 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell Aaron, 'Stretch forth your hand with your rod over the rivers, over the streams, and over the pools, and cause frogs to come up on the land of Egypt.'"
- Exodus 8:6 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper n Proper Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 8:7 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper The magicians did in like manner with their enchantments, and brought up frogs on the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 8:16 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell Aaron, 'Stretch out your rod, and strike the dust of the earth, that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt.'"
- Exodus 8:17 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper They did so; and Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and struck the dust of the earth, and there were lice on man, and on animal; all the dust of the earth became lice throughout all the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 8:24 מִצְרַ֛יִם n Proper Yahweh did so; and there came grievous swarms of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses: and in all the land of Egypt the land was corrupted by reason of the swarms of flies.
- Exodus 9:4 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper Yahweh will make a distinction between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt; and there shall nothing die of all that belongs to the children of Israel."'"
- Exodus 9:9 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper n Proper It shall become small dust over all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with boils on man and on animal, throughout all the land of Egypt."
- Exodus 9:18 בְּ/מִצְרַ֔יִם prep + n Proper Behold, tomorrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as has not been in Egypt since the day it was founded even until now.
- Exodus 9:22 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch forth your hand toward the sky, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, on man, and on animal, and on every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt."
- Exodus 9:23 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Moses stretched forth his rod toward the heavens, and Yahweh sent thunder, hail, and lightning flashed down to the earth. Yahweh rained hail on the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 9:24 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper So there was very severe hail, and lightning mixed with the hail, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
- Exodus 9:25 מִצְרַ֗יִם n Proper The hail struck throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and animal; and the hail struck every herb of the field, and broke every tree of the field.
- Exodus 10:2 בְּ/מִצְרַ֔יִם prep + n Proper and that you may tell in the hearing of your son, and of your son's son, what things I have done to Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that you may know that I am Yahweh."
- Exodus 10:7 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Pharaoh's servants said to him, "How long will this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, that they may serve Yahweh, their God. Don't you yet know that Egypt is destroyed?"
- Exodus 10:12 מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up on the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail has left."
- Exodus 10:13 מִצְרַיִם֒ n Proper Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and Yahweh brought an east wind on the land all that day, and all the night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.
- Exodus 10:14 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper n Proper The locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt. They were very grievous. Before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.
- Exodus 10:15 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper For they covered the surface of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened, and they ate every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left. There remained nothing green, either tree or herb of the field, through all the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 10:19 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Yahweh turned an exceeding strong west wind, which took up the locusts, and drove them into the Red Sea. There remained not one locust in all the borders of Egypt.
- Exodus 10:21 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt."
- Exodus 10:22 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper Moses stretched forth his hand toward the sky, and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days.
- Exodus 11:1 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Yet one plague more will I bring on Pharaoh, and on Egypt; afterwards he will let you go. When he lets you go, he will surely thrust you out altogether.
- Exodus 11:3 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper Yahweh gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people.
- Exodus 11:4 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Moses said, "This is what Yahweh says: 'About midnight I will go out into the midst of Egypt,
- Exodus 11:5 מִצְרַיִם֒ n Proper and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the maid-servant who is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of cattle.
- Exodus 11:6 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper There shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there has not been, nor shall be any more.
- Exodus 11:7 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper But against any of the children of Israel a dog won't even bark or move its tongue, against man or animal; that you may know that Yahweh makes a distinction between the Egyptians and Israel.
- Exodus 11:9 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Pharaoh won't listen to you, that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt."
- Exodus 12:1 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper Yahweh spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,
- Exodus 12:12 מִצְרַיִם֮ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַ֛יִם n Proper n Proper n Proper For I will go through the land of Egypt in that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and animal. Against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: I am Yahweh.
- Exodus 12:13 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper The blood shall be to you for a token on the houses where you are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and there shall no plague be on you to destroy you, when I strike the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 12:17 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper You shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this same day have I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall you observe this day throughout your generations by an ordinance forever.
- Exodus 12:23 מִצְרַיִם֒ n Proper For Yahweh will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when he sees the blood on the lintel, and on the two side-posts, Yahweh will pass over the door, and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to strike you.
- Exodus 12:27 בְּ/מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַ֖יִם prep + n Proper n Proper that you shall say, 'It is the sacrifice of Yahweh's Passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians, and spared our houses.'" The people bowed their heads and worshiped.
- Exodus 12:29 מִצְרַיִם֒ n Proper It happened at midnight, that Yahweh struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.
- Exodus 12:30 מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּ/מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper prep + n Proper Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead.
- Exodus 12:35 מִ/מִּצְרַ֔יִם prep + n Proper The children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they asked of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing.
- Exodus 12:36 מִצְרַ֖יִם מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper n Proper Yahweh gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. They despoiled the Egyptians.
- Exodus 12:39 מִ/מִּצְרַ֛יִם מִ/מִּצְרַ֗יִם prep + n Proper prep + n Proper They baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt; for it wasn't leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt, and couldn't wait, neither had they prepared for themselves any food.
- Exodus 12:40 בְּ/מִצְרָ֑יִם prep + n Proper Now the time that the children of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred thirty years.
- Exodus 12:41 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper It happened at the end of four hundred thirty years, even the same day it happened, that all the hosts of Yahweh went out from the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 12:42 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper It is a night to be much observed to Yahweh for bringing them out from the land of Egypt. This is that night of Yahweh, to be much observed of all the children of Israel throughout their generations.
- Exodus 12:51 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper It happened the same day, that Yahweh brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.
- Exodus 13:3 מִ/מִּצְרַ֨יִם֙ prep + n Proper Moses said to the people, "Remember this day, in which you came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand Yahweh brought you out from this place. No leavened bread shall be eaten.
- Exodus 13:8 מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper You shall tell your son in that day, saying, 'It is because of that which Yahweh did for me when I came forth out of Egypt.'
- Exodus 13:9 מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper It shall be for a sign to you on your hand, and for a memorial between your eyes, that the law of Yahweh may be in your mouth; for with a strong hand Yahweh has brought you out of Egypt.
- Exodus 13:14 מִ/מִּצְרַ֖יִם prep + n Proper It shall be, when your son asks you in time to come, saying, 'What is this?' that you shall tell him, 'By strength of hand Yahweh brought us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage;
- Exodus 13:15 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper and it happened, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that Yahweh killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of animal. Therefore I sacrifice to Yahweh all that opens the womb, being males; but all the firstborn of my sons I redeem.'
- Exodus 13:16 מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper It shall be for a sign on your hand, and for symbols between your eyes: for by strength of hand Yahweh brought us forth out of Egypt."
- Exodus 13:17 מִצְרָֽיְמָ/ה n Proper + sfx dem It happened, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God didn't lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, "Lest perhaps the people change their minds when they see war, and they return to Egypt;"
- Exodus 13:18 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper but God led the people around by the way of the wilderness by the Red Sea; and the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 14:5 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper It was told the king of Egypt that the people had fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was changed towards the people, and they said, "What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?"
- Exodus 14:7 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper and he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over all of them.
- Exodus 14:8 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel; for the children of Israel went out with a high hand.
- Exodus 14:11 בְּ/מִצְרַ֔יִם מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper prep + n Proper They said to Moses, "Because there were no graves in Egypt, have you taken us away to die in the wilderness? Why have you treated us this way, to bring us forth out of Egypt?
- Exodus 14:12 בְ/מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ prep + n Proper Isn't this the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, 'Leave us alone, that we may serve the Egyptians?' For it were better for us to serve the Egyptians, than that we should die in the wilderness."
- Exodus 14:20 מִצְרַ֗יִם n Proper It came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and there was the cloud and the darkness, yet gave it light by night: and the one didn't come near the other all the night.
- Exodus 14:25 מִצְרַ֗יִם בְּ/מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper prep + n Proper He took off their chariot wheels, and they drove them heavily; so that the Egyptians said, "Let's flee from the face of Israel, for Yahweh fights for them against the Egyptians!"
- Exodus 14:26 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the waters may come again on the Egyptians, on their chariots, and on their horsemen."
- Exodus 14:27 וּ/מִצְרַ֖יִם מִצְרַ֖יִם conj + n Proper n Proper Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it. Yahweh overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.
- Exodus 14:30 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper n Proper Thus Yahweh saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore.
- Exodus 14:31 בְּ/מִצְרַ֔יִם prep + n Proper Israel saw the great work which Yahweh did to the Egyptians, and the people feared Yahweh; and they believed in Yahweh, and in his servant Moses.
- Exodus 15:26 בְ/מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ prep + n Proper and he said, "If you will diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God, and will do that which is right in his eyes, and will pay attention to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you, which I have put on the Egyptians; for I am Yahweh who heals you."
- Exodus 16:1 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper They took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 16:3 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper and the children of Israel said to them, "We wish that we had died by the hand of Yahweh in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh-pots, when we ate our fill of bread, for you have brought us out into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger."
- Exodus 16:6 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Moses and Aaron said to all the children of Israel, "At evening, then you shall know that Yahweh has brought you out from the land of Egypt;
- Exodus 16:32 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Moses said, "This is the thing which Yahweh has commanded, 'Let an omer-full of it be kept throughout your generations, that they may see the bread with which I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the land of Egypt."
- Exodus 17:3 מִ/מִּצְרַ֔יִם prep + n Proper The people were thirsty for water there; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, "Why have you brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us, our children, and our livestock with thirst?"
- Exodus 18:1 מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, how that Yahweh had brought Israel out of Egypt.
- Exodus 18:8 וּ/לְ/מִצְרַ֔יִם conj + prep + n Proper Moses told his father-in-law all that Yahweh had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, all the hardships that had come on them on the way, and how Yahweh delivered them.
- Exodus 18:9 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which Yahweh had done to Israel, in that he had delivered them out of the hand of the Egyptians.
- Exodus 18:10 מִצְרַ֖יִם מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper n Proper Jethro said, "Blessed be Yahweh, who has delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh; who has delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians.
- Exodus 19:1 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper In the third month after the children of Israel had gone forth out of the land of Egypt, on that same day they came into the wilderness of Sinai.
- Exodus 19:4 לְ/מִצְרָ֑יִם prep + n Proper 'You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles' wings, and brought you to myself.
- Exodus 20:2 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper "I am Yahweh your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
- Exodus 22:21 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper "You shall not wrong an alien, neither shall you oppress him, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 23:9 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper "You shall not oppress an alien, for you know the heart of an alien, seeing you were aliens in the land of Egypt.
- Exodus 23:15 מִ/מִּצְרָ֑יִם prep + n Proper You shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month Abib (for in it you came out from Egypt), and no one shall appear before me empty.
- Exodus 29:46 מִצְרַ֖יִם n Proper They shall know that I am Yahweh their God, who brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I might dwell among them: I am Yahweh their God.
- Exodus 32:1 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered themselves together to Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don't know what has become of him."
- Exodus 32:4 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper He received what they handed him, and fashioned it with an engraving tool, and made it a molten calf; and they said, "These are your gods, Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt."
- Exodus 32:7 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper Yahweh spoke to Moses, "Go, get down; for your people, who you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves!
- Exodus 32:8 מִצְרָֽיִם n Proper They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a molten calf, and have worshiped it, and have sacrificed to it, and said, 'These are your gods, Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.'"
- Exodus 32:11 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper Moses begged Yahweh his God, and said, "Yahweh, why does your wrath burn hot against your people, that you have brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?
- Exodus 32:23 מִצְרַ֔יִם n Proper For they said to me, 'Make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don't know what has become of him.'
- Exodus 33:1 מִצְרָ֑יִם n Proper Yahweh spoke to Moses, "Depart, go up from here, you and the people that you have brought up out of the land of Egypt, to the land of which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, 'I will give it to your seed.'
- Exodus 34:18 מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם prep + n Proper "You shall keep the feast of unleavened bread. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month Abib; for in the month Abib you came out from Egypt.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, מצרים (Mitsrayim) means “Egypt.” It first appears in Genesis 10:6. It turns up in 569 verses across 28 books, one of the most common footprint. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H4714 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 569
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 569 distinct verses.
- 28 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 28 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #76
- by frequency
- Top 100 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 76 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 569 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 569 distinct verses.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 286 verses · 50%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 239 verses · 42%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 44 verses · 8%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Egypt 553×, Egyptians 73×, All the egyptians 7×
- American Standard Version: Egypt 537×, Egyptians 65×, All the egyptians 6×
- Berean Standard Bible: Egypt 552×, Egyptians 45×, Egypt’s 5×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Egypt 553×, Egyptians 22×, The 6×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H4714 across 680 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 24 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H4714 across 680 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 49 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H4714 across 624 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 12 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 17 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H4714 across 596 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 5 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 5 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1.
- a. of land, Egypt, Gn 13:1 + 500 times, +, in all periods, incl. אֶרֶץ מ׳ 13:10 + c. 220 times (of course f., 47:6, 13); אַדְמַת מ׳ the soil of Egypt †47:20, 26; מֵימֵי מ׳ †Ex 7:19; 8:2; נְהַר מ׳ †Gn 15:18; יְאֹר מ׳ †Am 8:8; 9:5; יְאֹרֵי מ׳ †Is 7:18 (cf. מָצוֹר); שִׁיחוֹר מ׳ †1 Ch 13:5; לְשׁוֹן יָם־מ׳ †Is 11:15; נַחַל מ׳ Jos 15:4 + 6 times (v. these various wds.); land as productive Gn 45:20; 49:23, cf. שֵׁשׁ בְּרִקְמָה מִמּ׳ Ez 27:7, אֵטוּן מ׳ Pr 7:16; often ‖ כּוּשׁ, especially in proph. and poet. Is 20:3, 4, 5; 45:14 Ez 30:4, 9 +; ‖ אַשּׁוּר Ho 11:11; 12:1 Is 7:18 Je 2:18 +; incl. Upper Egypt (פַּתְרוֹס), as well as Lower, Je 44:1, cf. Ez 29:10; 30:6 appar. disting. from Upper Egypt Is 11:11, and poss. also Je 44:15 (cf. Gf Gie Buhl SS CheHpt. Isaiah); but פתרוס etc. in these vv somewhat dub. (cf. Du Gie). e.g. Genesis 13:1
- b. combinations are: (1) מ׳ as limit of motion: יָרַד מצרים(ה) Gn 43:15 Jos 24:4 + c. 12 times; בּוֹא מ׳ 1 S 12:8 + c. 26 times, בוא בְמ׳ †Is 19:23, בוא לְמ׳ †Je 44:28; שׁוּב מ׳ Ho 8:3 + 9 times, שׁוּב אֶל־מ׳ †Ho 11:5, שׁוּב לְאַרְצוֹ מ׳ †Je 37:7; בָּרַח מ׳ †1 K 11:40; שָׁלַח מ׳ †Je 26:22, so (+ אֶל־) v 22. In Je 42:16 b read בְּמ׳ with Gie. (2) מ׳ as point of departure (הֶעֱלָה) עָלָה מִן־(ארץ) מ׳ Gn 13:1 + c. 43 times; יָצָא (הוֹצִיא) מִן־(ארץ) מ׳ Ex 12:39 + c. 96 times; פָּדָה מִמּ׳ †2 S 7:23 (but del. GeiUrschr. 288 We Dr Kit Bu)=1 Ch 17:21; בּוֹא מִמּ׳ †2 Ch 12:3; 20:10; שׁוּב מִמּ׳ †Je 44:28 2 Ch 10:2; אָתָה מִמּ׳ †ψ 68:32; קָרָא מִמּ׳ †Ho 11:1. e.g. Genesis 43:15
- 2. of people:
- a. in table of nations, personif. as second son of Ham †Gn 10:6=1 Ch 1:8, cf. Gn 10:13=1 Ch 1:11. e.g. Genesis 10:6
- b. =Egypt (as a people), Egyptians Gn 41:56 + c. 134 times, incl. use=Egyptian kingdom, empire, i. e. land and people as political power; so c. vb. fs. אָֽבְדָה מ׳ Ex 10:7, cf. Ho 9:6 Jo 4:19 and (pron. fs.) Ez 30:18; c. vb. ms. Ex 12:33; 14:25 Is 19:16, 23, 25 Je 46:8; often c. vb. mpl. Gn 41:55 Is 19:21, 23 + 22 times; בְּנֵי מ׳ Ez 16:26; בְּתוּלַת בַּת מ׳ †Je 46:11, cf. v 19, 24.—In 1 K 10:28=2 Ch 1:16, 17, 2 K 7:6 WklAlttest. Unters. 171 f. thinks of Assyrian Muṣri in N. Syria. (On מִצְרַיִם as often=Muṣri in N. Arabia v. Wkl Altor. Unters. i. 24 ff., ii. 195, iii. 289, iv. 337 f.; MVG 1898, 1. 4). e.g. Genesis 41:56
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
n.pr.terr. et gent.f. Ex 10:7, m. Ex 12:33, mpl. Gn 41:55 etc. (v. infr. 2), Egypt, Egyptians (Ph. מצרם; Assyrian Mŭṣŭr, Muṣru, Miṣir, DlPar 308 SchrCOT Gloss. KGF 246 ff., TelAm. Miṣrî, Wkl TA 39 BezBM 152, and Mas̆rî Wkl l.c.; Arabic مَصْر Cairo, Egypt (Spiro); Min. Miṣru HomA. and A. (1892), 125; v. also EbÄgM 71 ff.; 𝔊 Αἴγυπτος;—deriv. and form dub.; יִם—ַusually regarded as dual term. (Upper and Lower Egypt? cf. Di Gn 10:6), but as loc. ending EMey Gesch. i. § 42 BaNB p. 319 R. 5; JenZA iv (1889), 268 ff. thinks מִצְרַיִם abs. formed by anal. of מַיִם, שָׁמַיִם from Miṣrî (cf. TelAm.); v. further Wkl infra, ad fin.);—מ׳ Gn 13:1 +; מִצְרָ֑יִם 37:36 +; מִצְרַ֫יְמָה 12:10 + 12 times, מִצְרָ֑יְמָה 12:11 + 4 times;—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from מצור (mâtsôwr) (H4693) — siege.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
מֵצַר
- 1. narrow, pass. Ḥull. 50ᵇ (expl. כרס הפנימי) מן המי׳ ולמטה from where the stomach begins to narrow and downward (the animal being suspended with its head down).
- 2. distress. Midr. Till. to CXVIII, 5 מן המ׳ מדבר במצרים ‘out of distress’ (ib.) alludes to Egypt; Yalk. ib. 875.
- 3. a narrow path marking the boundary between fields, balk, ridge; in gen. boundary. B. Bath. 55ᵃ, v. חֲצָב II. Y. ib. III, beg. 13ᵈ; Y. Kidd. I, 60ᵈ top אפי׳ מי׳ בנתיים even the (common) balk between them; Y. Peah II, beg. 16ᵈ. B. Mets. 107ᵃ אילן העומד על המ׳ a tree standing on the balk. Ib. בממלא כל המ׳ כולו when it covers the entire width of the balk. B. Bath. 53ᵇ מי אמרינן האי מ׳ דהאי ארעא ודהאי ארעא הוא Ms. M. (ed. מ׳ דארעא חד הוא) do we say, this balk belongs to both fields (and taking possession of it means possession of both)? Ib. מ׳ אפסרא דארעא וכ׳ (Ms. O. מוֹסֵרָא; differ. in Ms. M.), v. אַפְסָרָא. Ib. 62ᵃ מ׳ ראובן וכ׳ the field which I sell thee is contiguous to Reuben’s on the east and on the west side; a. fr.—Pl. מְצָרִים boundary lines, bounds. Ib. 61ᵇ אע"פ שמָצַר לו מ׳ החיצונים although he defined (in the agreement) the outermost lines (of the group of buildings or fields), מ׳ הרחיב לו he intended only to give an amplified description of the situation (not to sell him the entire group). Ib. VII, 3 בסימניו ובמְצָרָיו (if he says, I sell thee a Beth Kor of land) giving its description and boundaries (and it turns out to be less than a Beth Kor); a. fr.—Sabb. 118ᵃ נחלה בלא מ׳ a boundless possession.
מִצְרַיִם
- (b. h.) pr. n. Egypt. Pes. IX, 5 פסח מ׳, v. דּוֹר. Ex. R. s. 1; a. v. fr.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 63 distinct written forms H4714 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| מִצְרַ֔יִם | Noun, Proper | Amos 4:10 | 98 |
| מִצְרָ֑יִם | Noun, Proper | Amos 2:10 | 94 |
| מִצְרָֽיִם | Noun, Proper | Amos 8:8 | 91 |
| מִצְרַ֖יִם | Noun, Proper | Amos 3:1 | 58 |
| מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ | Noun, Proper | Daniel 9:15 | 30 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֔יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 26:8 | 21 |
| מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 4:37 | 20 |
| מִ/מִּצְרָ֑יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 4:20 | 19 |
| מִצְרַ֛יִם | Noun, Proper | Exodus 7:11 | 16 |
| בְּ/מִצְרָ֑יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 6:21 | 15 |
| בְּ/מִצְרַ֔יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 24:18 | 13 |
| מִצְרַ֗יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 9:7 | 13 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֨יִם֙ | Noun, Proper | Exodus 13:3 | 11 |
| מִצְרַיִם֒ | Noun, Proper | Exodus 3:17 | 10 |
| מִצְרַ֜יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 11:4 | 9 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֖יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 6:21 | 8 |
| מִצְרָֽיְמָ/ה | Noun, Proper | Exodus 13:17 | 8 |
| בְּ/מִצְרָֽיִם | Noun, Proper | Exodus 3:16 | 7 |
| מִצְרַ֔יְמָ/ה | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 17:16 | 7 |
| בְּ/מִצְרַ֖יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 1:30 | 6 |
| מִצְרָ֑יְמָ/ה | Noun, Proper | Exodus 1:1 | 6 |
| וּ/מִצְרַ֖יִם | Noun, Proper | Exodus 14:27 | 5 |
| מִצְרַיִם֮ | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 28:68 | 5 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֗יִם | Noun, Proper | Exodus 12:39 | 4 |
| מִצְרַ֣יִם | Noun, Proper | Jeremiah 9:26 | 4 |
| מִצְרַ֥יִם | Noun, Proper | Hosea 7:11 | 4 |
| בְ/מִצְרַ֔יִם | Noun, Proper | Ezekiel 23:3 | 3 |
| בְ/מִצְרַ֖יִם | Noun, Proper | Genesis 46:27 | 3 |
| בְ/מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ | Noun, Proper | Exodus 14:12 | 3 |
| מִצְרַ֖יְמָ/ה | Noun, Proper | Genesis 46:8 | 3 |
| מִצְרַ֨יְמָ/ה֙ | Noun, Proper | Genesis 12:10 | 3 |
| וּ/מִצְרַ֡יִם | Noun, Proper | Genesis 10:13 | 2 |
| לְ/מִצְרַ֖יִם | Noun, Proper | Isaiah 19:15 | 2 |
| לְ/מִצְרָ֑יִם | Noun, Proper | Exodus 19:4 | 2 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֛יִם | Noun, Proper | Exodus 12:39 | 2 |
| מִצְרַ֨יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 7:15 | 2 |
| מִצְרַיִם֩ | Noun, Proper | 1 Kings 6:1 | 2 |
| בְ/מִצְרַ֨יִם | Noun, Proper | Psalms 106:7 | 1 |
| בְ/מִצְרָֽיִם | Noun, Proper | Exodus 1:5 | 1 |
| בְּ/מִצְרַ֗יִם | Noun, Proper | 1 Kings 11:21 | 1 |
| בְּ/מִצְרַ֛יִם | Noun, Proper | Deuteronomy 6:22 | 1 |
| בְּ֭/מִצְרַיִם | Noun, Proper | Psalms 78:43 | 1 |
| וּ/בְ/מִצְרַ֔יִם | Noun, Proper | Joshua 24:14 | 1 |
| וּ/לְ/מִצְרַ֔יִם | Noun, Proper | Exodus 18:8 | 1 |
| וּ/מִ/מִּצְרַ֖יִם | Noun, Proper | Hosea 11:1 | 1 |
| וּ/מִ/מִּצְרַ֜יִם | Noun, Proper | Isaiah 11:11 | 1 |
| וּ/מִצְרַ֕יִם | Noun, Proper | Isaiah 30:7 | 1 |
| וּ/מִצְרַ֣יִם | Noun, Proper | Isaiah 19:23 | 1 |
| וּ/מִצְרַ֤יִם | Noun, Proper | Isaiah 31:3 | 1 |
| לְ/מִצְרַ֔יִם | Noun, Proper | Isaiah 19:21 | 1 |
| לְ/מִצְרַ֗יִם | Noun, Proper | Jeremiah 46:2 | 1 |
| לְ/מִצְרַ֥יִם | Noun, Proper | Hosea 12:1 | 1 |
| לְ/מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ | Noun, Proper | Isaiah 19:17 | 1 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֜יִם | Noun, Proper | Genesis 13:1 | 1 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֣יִם | Noun, Proper | Psalms 80:8 | 1 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֤יִם | Noun, Proper | 2 Chronicles 1:17 | 1 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַ֨יִם | Noun, Proper | Joshua 5:4 | 1 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַיִם֒ | Noun, Proper | 1 Kings 8:16 | 1 |
| מִ/מִּצְרַיִם֮ | Noun, Proper | Joshua 24:32 | 1 |
| מִ֭צְרַיִם | Noun, Proper | Psalms 136:10 | 1 |
The 60 most common forms are shown; 3 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H4714, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → 2 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Bible dictionary
Public-domain dictionary articles matched to this entry by name (Egypt). A biblical name can be shared by more than one person or place, so an article may treat several.
Easton's Bible Dictionary · M. G. Easton, 1897
The land of the Nile and the pyramids, the oldest kingdom of which we have any record, holds a place of great significance in Scripture.
The Egyptians belonged to the white race, and their original home is still a matter of dispute. Many scholars believe that it was in Southern Arabia, and recent excavations have shown that the valley of the Nile was originally inhabited by a low-class population, perhaps belonging to the Nigritian stock, before the Egyptians of history entered it. The ancient Egyptian language, of which the latest form is Coptic, is distantly connected with the Semitic family of speech.
Egypt consists geographically of two halves, the northern being the Delta, and the southern Upper Egypt, between Cairo and the First Cataract. In the Old Testament, Northern or Lower Egypt is called Mazor, "the fortified land" (Isa. 19:6; 37: 25, where the A.V. mistranslates "defence" and "besieged places"); while Southern or Upper Egypt is Pathros, the Egyptian Pa-to-Res, or "the land of the south" (Isa. 11:11). But the whole country is generally mentioned under the dual name of Mizraim, "the two Mazors."
The civilization of Egypt goes back to a very remote antiquity. The two kingdoms of the north and south were united by Menes, the founder of the first historical dynasty of kings. The first six dynasties constitute what is known as the Old Empire, which had its capital at Memphis, south of Cairo, called in the Old Testament Moph (Hos. 9:6) and Noph. The native name was Mennofer, "the good place."
The Pyramids were tombs of the monarchs of the Old Empire, those of Gizeh being erected in the time of the Fourth Dynasty. After the fall of the Old Empire came a period of decline and obscurity. This was followed by the Middle Empire, the most powerful dynasty of which was the Twelfth. The Fayyum was rescued for agriculture by the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty; and two obelisks were erected in front of the temple of the sun-god at On or Heliopolis (near Cairo), one of which is still standing. The capital of the Middle Empire was Thebes, in Upper Egypt.
The Middle Empire was overthrown by the invasion of the Hyksos, or shepherd princes from Asia, who ruled over Egypt, more especially in the north, for several centuries, and of whom there were three dynasties of kings. They had their capital at Zoan or Tanis (now San), in the north-eastern part of the Delta. It was in the time of the Hyksos that Abraham, Jacob, and Joseph entered Egypt. The Hyksos were finally expelled about B.C. 1600, by the hereditary princes of Thebes, who founded the Eighteenth Dynasty, and carried the war into Asia. Canaan and Syria were subdued, as well as Cyprus, and the boundaries of the Egyptian Empire were fixed at the Euphrates. The Soudan, which had been conquered by the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty, was again annexed to Egypt, and the eldest son of the Pharaoh took the title of "Prince of Cush."
One of the later kings of the dynasty, Amenophis IV., or Khu-n-Aten, endeavoured to supplant the ancient state religion of Egypt by a new faith derived from Asia, which was a sort of pantheistic monotheism, the one supreme god being adored under the image of the solar disk. The attempt led to religious and civil war, and the Pharaoh retreated from Thebes to Central Egypt, where he built a new capital, on the site of the present Tell-el-Amarna. The cuneiform tablets that have been found there represent his foreign correspondence (about B.C. 1400). He surrounded himself with officials and courtiers of Asiatic, and more especially Canaanitish, extraction; but the native party succeeded eventually in overthrowing the government, the capital of Khu-n-Aten was destroyed, and the foreigners were driven out of the country, those that remained being reduced to serfdom.
The national triumph was marked by the rise of the Nineteenth Dynasty, in the founder of which, Rameses I., we must see the "new king, who knew not Joseph." His grandson, Rameses II., reigned sixty-seven years (B.C. 1348-1281), and was an indefatigable builder. As Pithom, excavated by Dr. Naville in 1883, was one of the cities he built, he must have been the Pharaoh of the Oppression. The Pharaoh of the Exodus may have been one of his immediate successors, whose reigns were short. Under them Egypt lost its empire in Asia, and was itself attacked by barbarians from Libya and the north.
The Nineteenth Dynasty soon afterwards came to an end; Egypt was distracted by civil war; and for a short time a Canaanite, Arisu, ruled over it.
Then came the Twentieth Dynasty, the second Pharaoh of which, Rameses III., restored the power of his country. In one of his campaigns he overran the southern part of Palestine, where the Israelites had not yet settled. They must at the time have been still in the wilderness. But it was during the reign of Rameses III. that Egypt finally lost Gaza and the adjoining cities, which were seized by the Pulista, or Philistines.
After Rameses III., Egypt fell into decay. Solomon married the daughter of one of the last kings of the Twenty-first Dynasty, which was overthrown by Shishak I., the general of the Libyan mercenaries, who founded the Twenty-second Dynasty (1 Kings 11:40; 14:25, 26). A list of the places he captured in Palestine is engraved on the outside of the south wall of the temple of Karnak.
In the time of Hezekiah, Egypt was conquered by Ethiopians from the Soudan, who constituted the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. The third of them was Tirhakah (2 Kings 19:9). In B.C. 674 it was conquered by the Assyrians, who divided it into twenty satrapies, and Tirhakah was driven back to his ancestral dominions. Fourteen years later it successfully revolted under Psammetichus I. of Sais, the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. Among his successors were Necho (2 Kings 23:29) and Hophra, or Apries (Jer. 37:5, 7, 11). The dynasty came to an end in B.C. 525, when the country was subjugated by Cambyses. Soon afterwards it was organized into a Persian satrapy.
The title of Pharaoh, given to the Egyptian kings, is the Egyptian Per-aa, or "Great House," which may be compared to that of "Sublime Porte." It is found in very early Egyptian texts.
The Egyptian religion was a strange mixture of pantheism and animal worship, the gods being adored in the form of animals. While the educated classes resolved their manifold deities into manifestations of one omnipresent and omnipotent divine power, the lower classes regarded the animals as incarnations of the gods.
Under the Old Empire, Ptah, the Creator, the god of Memphis, was at the head of the Pantheon; afterwards Amon, the god of Thebes, took his place. Amon, like most of the other gods, was identified with Ra, the sun-god of Heliopolis.
The Egyptians believed in a resurrection and future life, as well as in a state of rewards and punishments dependent on our conduct in this world. The judge of the dead was Osiris, who had been slain by Set, the representative of evil, and afterwards restored to life. His death was avenged by his son Horus, whom the Egyptians invoked as their "Redeemer." Osiris and Horus, along with Isis, formed a trinity, who were regarded as representing the sun-god under different forms.
Even in the time of Abraham, Egypt was a flourishing and settled monarchy. Its oldest capital, within the historic period, was Memphis, the ruins of which may still be seen near the Pyramids and the Sphinx. When the Old Empire of Menes came to an end, the seat of empire was shifted to Thebes, some 300 miles farther up the Nile. A short time after that, the Delta was conquered by the Hyksos, or shepherd kings, who fixed their capital at Zoan, the Greek Tanis, now San, on the Tanic arm of the Nile. All this occurred before the time of the new king "which knew not Joseph" (Ex. 1:8). In later times Egypt was conquered by the Persians (B.C. 525), and by the Greeks under Alexander the Great (B.C. 332), after whom the Ptolemies ruled the country for three centuries. Subsequently it was for a time a province of the Roman Empire; and at last, in A.D. 1517, it fell into the hands of the Turks, of whose empire it still forms nominally a part. Abraham and Sarah went to Egypt in the time of the shepherd kings. The exile of Joseph and the migration of Jacob to "the land of Goshen" occurred about 200 years later. On the death of Solomon, Shishak, king of Egypt, invaded Palestine (1 Kings 14:25). He left a list of the cities he conquered.
A number of remarkable clay tablets, discovered at Tell-el-Amarna in Upper Egypt, are the most important historical records ever found in connection with the Bible. They most fully confirm the historical statements of the Book of Joshua, and prove the antiquity of civilization in Syria and Palestine. As the clay in different parts of Palestine differs, it has been found possible by the clay alone to decide where the tablets come from when the name of the writer is lost. The inscriptions are cuneiform, and in the Aramaic language, resembling Assyrian. The writers are Phoenicians, Amorites, and Philistines, but in no instance Hittites, though Hittites are mentioned. The tablets consist of official dispatches and letters, dating from B.C. 1480, addressed to the two Pharaohs, Amenophis III. and IV., the last of this dynasty, from the kings and governors of Phoenicia and Palestine. There occur the names of three kings killed by Joshua, Adoni-zedec, king of Jerusalem, Japhia, king of Lachish (Josh. 10:3), and Jabin, king of Hazor (11:1); also the Hebrews (Abiri) are said to have come from the desert.
The principal prophecies of Scripture regarding Egypt are these, Isa. 19; Jer. 43: 8-13; 44:30; 46; Ezek. 29-32; and it might be easily shown that they have all been remarkably fulfilled. For example, the singular disappearance of Noph (i.e., Memphis) is a fulfilment of Jer. 46:19, Ezek. 30:13.
Smith's Bible Dictionary · William Smith, 1863
(land of the Copts), a country occupying the northeast angle of Africa. Its limits appear always to have been very nearly the same. It is bounded on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by Palestine, Arabia and the Red Sea, on the south by Nubia, and on the west by the Great Desert. It is divided into upper Egypt--the valley of the Nile--and lower Egypt, the plain of the Delta, from the Greek letter; it is formed by the branching mouths of the Nile, and the Mediterranean Sea. The portions made fertile by the Nile comprise about 9582 square geographical miles, of which only about 5600 is under cultivation.--Encyc. Brit. The Delta extends about 200 miles along the Mediterranean, and Egypt is 520 miles long from north to south from the sea to the First Cataract. Names.--The common name of Egypt in the Bible is "Mizraim." It is in the dual number, which indicates the two natural divisions of the country into an upper and a lower region. The Arabic name of Egypt--Mizr-- signifies "red mud." Egypt is also called in the Bible "the land of Ham," (Psalms 105:23,27) comp. Psalms 78:51--a name most probably referring to Ham the son of Noah--and "Rahab," the proud or insolent: these appear to be poetical appellations. The common ancient Egyptian name of the country is written in hieroglyphics Kem, which was perhaps pronounced Chem. This name signifies, in the ancient language and in Coptic, "black," on account of the blackness of its alluvial soil. We may reasonably conjecture that Kem is the Egyptian equivalent of Ham. GENERAL APPEARANCE, CLIMATE, ETC.--The general appearance of the country cannot have greatly changed since the days of Moses. The whole country is remarkable for its extreme fertility, which especially strikes the beholder when the rich green of the fields is contrasted with the utterly bare, yellow mountains or the sand-strewn rocky desert on either side. The climate is equable and healthy. Rain is not very unfrequent on the northern coast, but inland is very rare. Cultivation nowhere depends upon it. The inundation of the Nile fertilizes and sustains the country, and makes the river its chief blessing. The Nile was on this account anciently worshipped. The rise begins in Egypt about the summer solstice, and the inundation commences about two months later. The greatest height is attained about or somewhat after the autumnal equinox. The inundation lasts about three months. The atmosphere, except on the seacoast, is remarkably dry and clear, which accounts for the so perfect preservation of the monuments, with their pictures and inscriptions. The heat is extreme during a large part of the year. The winters are mild,--from 50
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary · Roswell D. Hitchcock, 1869
that troubles or oppresses; anguish
Classic public-domain reference works; full attribution on Sources.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 541 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 569 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 10:6
- Exodus 1:1
- Leviticus 11:45
- Numbers 1:1
- Deuteronomy 1:27
- Joshua 2:10
- Judges 2:1
- 1 Samuel 2:27
- 2 Samuel 7:6
- 1 Kings 6:1
- 2 Kings 7:6
- 1 Chronicles 1:8
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
