עָבַר
to pass over
‘to pass over’ is one of 4 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Qal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘pass over’
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”). Here: ‘cause to pass over’
- Hithpael
- The reflexive or reciprocal stem (the subject acts on itself). Here: ‘be arrogant’
- Piel
- An intensive or resultative active stem.
- Niphal
- Usually the simple passive or reflexive of the Qal (“he was written”).
Form
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Cohortative
- A first-person volitional form expressing wish or resolve (“let me / let us write”).
- Jussive
- A third- or second-person volitional form expressing wish or command (“let him write”).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Every verse where H5674 appears in the Book of Joshua — 49 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Joshua
- Joshua 1:2 עֲבֹ֜ר Qal impv 2ms Moses my servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over this Jordan, you, and all this people, to the land which I do give to them, even to the children of Israel.
- Joshua 1:11 עִבְר֣וּ עֹֽבְרִים֙ Qal impv 2mp Qal ptcp.act mp Pass through the midst of the camp, and command the people, saying, Prepare food; for within three days you are to pass over this Jordan, to go in to possess the land, which Yahweh your God gives you to possess it.
- Joshua 1:14 תַּעַבְר֨וּ Qal impf 2mp Your wives, your little ones, and your cattle, shall abide in the land which Moses gave you beyond the Jordan; but you shall pass over before your brothers armed, all the mighty men of valor, and shall help them;
- Joshua 2:23 וַ/יַּעַבְרוּ֙ conj + Qal wimpf 3mp Then the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun; and they told him all that had happened to them.
- Joshua 3:1 יַעֲבֹֽרוּ Qal impf 3mp Joshua rose up early in the morning; and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over.
- Joshua 3:2 וַ/יַּעַבְר֥וּ conj + Qal wimpf 3mp It happened after three days, that the officers went through the midst of the camp;
- Joshua 3:4 עֲבַרְתֶּ֛ם Qal pf 2mp Yet there shall be a space between you and it, about two thousand cubits by measure: don't come near to it, that you may know the way by which you must go; for you have not passed this way heretofore.
- Joshua 3:6 וְ/עִבְר֖וּ conj + Qal impv 2mp Joshua spoke to the priests, saying, Take up the ark of the covenant, and pass over before the people. They took up the ark of the covenant, and went before the people.
- Joshua 3:11 עֹבֵ֥ר Qal ptcp.act ms Behold, the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth passes over before you into the Jordan.
- Joshua 3:14 לַ/עֲבֹ֖ר prep + Qal inf.cs It happened, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over the Jordan, the priests who bore the ark of the covenant being before the people;
- Joshua 3:16 עָבְר֖וּ Qal pf 3cp that the waters which came down from above stood, and rose up in one heap, a great way off, at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan; and those that went down toward the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, were wholly cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho.
- Joshua 3:17 עֹֽבְרִים֙ לַ/עֲבֹ֖ר Qal ptcp.act mp prep + Qal inf.cs The priests who bore the ark of the covenant of Yahweh stood firm on dry ground in the midst of the Jordan; and all Israel passed over on dry ground, until all the nation were passed clean over the Jordan.
- Joshua 4:1 לַ/עֲב֖וֹר prep + Qal inf.cs It happened, when all the nation were clean passed over the Jordan, that Yahweh spoke to Joshua, saying,
- Joshua 4:3 וְ/הַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם conj + Hiphil wpf 2mp and command you them, saying, Take hence out of the midst of the Jordan, out of the place where the priests' feet stood firm, twelve stones, and carry them over with you, and lay them down in the lodging-place, where you shall lodge this night.
- Joshua 4:5 עִ֠בְרוּ Qal impv 2mp and Joshua said to them, Pass over before the ark of Yahweh your God into the midst of the Jordan, and take up every man of you a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel;
- Joshua 4:7 בְּ/עָבְר/וֹ֙ prep + Qal inf.cs + sfx pers 3ms then you shall tell them, Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh; when it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial to the children of Israel forever.
- Joshua 4:8 וַ/יַּעֲבִר֤וּ/ם conj + Hiphil wimpf 3mp + sfx pers 3mp The children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as Yahweh spoke to Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them to the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.
- Joshua 4:10 וַֽ/יַּעֲבֹֽרוּ conj + Qal wimpf 3mp For the priests who bore the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan, until everything was finished that Yahweh commanded Joshua to speak to the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hurried and passed over.
- Joshua 4:11 לַֽ/עֲב֑וֹר וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֧ר prep + Qal inf.cs conj + Qal wimpf 3ms It happened, when all the people had completely passed over, that the ark of Yahweh passed over, with the priests, in the presence of the people.
- Joshua 4:12 וַ֠/יַּעַבְרוּ conj + Qal wimpf 3mp The children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spoke to them:
- Joshua 4:13 עָבְר֞וּ Qal pf 3cp about forty thousand ready armed for war passed over before Yahweh to battle, to the plains of Jericho.
- Joshua 4:22 עָבַ֣ר Qal pf 3ms Then you shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.
- Joshua 4:23 עָבְרְ/כֶ֑ם עָבְרֵֽ/נוּ Qal inf.cs + sfx pers 2mp Qal inf.cs + sfx pers 1cp For Yahweh your God dried up the waters of the Jordan from before you, until you were passed over, as Yahweh your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were passed over;
- Joshua 5:1 עבר/נו עָבְרָ֑/ם Qal inf.cs + sfx pers 1cp Qal inf.cs + sfx pers 3mp It happened, when all the kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, who were by the sea, heard how that Yahweh had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until we were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel.
- Joshua 6:7 עִבְר֖וּ יַעֲבֹ֕ר Qal impv 2mp Qal impf 3ms They said to the people, Pass on, and compass the city, and let the armed men pass on before the ark of Yahweh.
- Joshua 6:8 עָבְר֕וּ Qal pf 3cp It was so, that when Joshua had spoken to the people, the seven priests bearing the seven trumpets of rams' horns before Yahweh passed on, and blew the trumpets: and the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed them.
- Joshua 7:7 הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר Hiphil pf 2ms Hiphil inf.abs Joshua said, Alas, Lord Yahweh, why have you at all brought this people over the Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to cause us to perish? would that we had been content and lived beyond the Jordan!
- Joshua 7:11 עָבְר֣וּ Qal pf 3cp Israel has sinned; yes, they have even transgressed my covenant which I commanded them: yes, they have even taken of the devoted thing, and have also stolen, and dissembled also; and they have even put it among their own stuff.
- Joshua 7:15 עָבַר֙ Qal pf 3ms It shall be, that he who is taken with the devoted thing shall be burnt with fire, he and all that he has; because he has transgressed the covenant of Yahweh, and because he has done folly in Israel.
- Joshua 10:29 וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֣ר conj + Qal wimpf 3ms Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, to Libnah, and fought against Libnah:
- Joshua 10:31 וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֣ר conj + Qal wimpf 3ms Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, to Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:
- Joshua 10:34 וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֣ר conj + Qal wimpf 3ms Joshua passed from Lachish, and all Israel with him, to Eglon; and they encamped against it, and fought against it;
- Joshua 15:3 וְ/עָ֣בַר וְ/עָבַ֤ר conj + Qal pf 3ms conj + Qal pf 3ms and it went out southward of the ascent of Akrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and went up by the south of Kadesh-barnea, and passed along by Hezron, and went up to Addar, and turned about to Karka;
- Joshua 15:4 וְ/עָבַ֣ר conj + Qal pf 3ms and it passed along to Azmon, and went out at the brook of Egypt; and the goings out of the border were at the sea: this shall be your south border.
- Joshua 15:6 וְ/עָבַ֕ר conj + Qal pf 3ms and the border went up to Beth Hoglah, and passed along by the north of Beth Arabah; and the border went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben;
- Joshua 15:7 וְ/עָבַ֤ר conj + Qal pf 3ms and the border went up to Debir from the valley of Achor, and so northward, looking toward Gilgal, that is over against the ascent of Adummim, which is on the south side of the river; and the border passed along to the waters of En Shemesh, and the goings out of it were at En Rogel;
- Joshua 15:10 וְ/עָבַ֕ר וְ/עָבַ֥ר conj + Qal pf 3ms conj + Qal pf 3ms and the border turned about from Baalah westward to Mount Seir, and passed along to the side of Mount Jearim on the north (the same is Chesalon), and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed along by Timnah;
- Joshua 15:11 וְ/עָבַ֥ר conj + Qal pf 3ms and the border went out to the side of Ekron northward; and the border extended to Shikkeron, and passed along to Mount Baalah, and went out at Jabneel; and the goings out of the border were at the sea.
- Joshua 16:2 וְ/עָבַ֛ר conj + Qal wpf 3ms and it went out from Bethel to Luz, and passed along to the border of the Archites to Ataroth;
- Joshua 16:6 וְ/עָבַ֣ר conj + Qal wpf 3ms and the border went out westward at Michmethath on the north; and the border turned about eastward to Taanath Shiloh, and passed along it on the east of Janoah;
- Joshua 18:9 וַ/יַּעַבְר֣וּ conj + Qal wimpf 3mp The men went and passed through the land, and described it by cities into seven portions in a book; and they came to Joshua to the camp at Shiloh.
- Joshua 18:13 וְ/עָבַר֩ conj + Qal wpf 3ms The border passed along from there to Luz, to the side of Luz (the same is Bethel), southward; and the border went down to Ataroth Addar, by the mountain that lies on the south of Beth Horon the lower.
- Joshua 18:18 וְ/עָבַ֛ר conj + Qal wpf 3ms and it passed along to the side over against the Arabah northward, and went down to the Arabah;
- Joshua 18:19 וְ/עָבַ֨ר conj + Qal wpf 3ms and the border passed along to the side of Beth Hoglah northward; and the goings out of the border were at the north bay of the Salt Sea, at the south end of the Jordan: this was the south border.
- Joshua 19:13 עָבַר֙ Qal pf 3ms and from there it passed along eastward to Gath Hepher, to Eth-kazin; and it went out at Rimmon which stretches to Neah;
- Joshua 22:19 עִבְר֨וּ Qal impv 2mp However, if the land of your possession be unclean, then pass over to the land of the possession of Yahweh, in which Yahweh's tent dwells, and take possession among us: but don't rebel against Yahweh, nor rebel against us, in building you an altar besides the altar of Yahweh our God.
- Joshua 23:16 בְּ֠/עָבְרְ/כֶם prep + Qal inf.cs + sfx pers 2mp When you disobey the covenant of Yahweh your God, which he commanded you, and go and serve other gods, and bow down yourselves to them; then will the anger of Yahweh be kindled against you, and you shall perish quickly from off the good land which he has given to you.
- Joshua 24:11 וַ/תַּעַבְר֣וּ conj + Qal wimpf 2mp You went over the Jordan, and came to Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorite, and the Perizzite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Girgashite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite; and I delivered them into your hand.
- Joshua 24:17 עָבַ֖רְנוּ Qal pf 1cp for Yahweh our God, he it is who brought us and our fathers up out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage, and who did those great signs in our sight, and preserved us in all the way in which we went, and among all the peoples through the midst of whom we passed;
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
עבר (ʻâbar) is a Hebrew verb most often rendered “to pass over.” Translators differ — “passed over” in the King James Version, then “crossed” (Berean Standard Bible) and “pass through” (unfoldingWord Literal Text), as the renderings breakdown shows. With 493 verses in 36 books, it is a common word in the Hebrew Bible. It first appears in Genesis 8:1. The verb spans 5 stems, from Qal to Niphal. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H5674 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 493
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 493 distinct verses.
- 36 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 36 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #90
- by frequency
- Top 100 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 90 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 493 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Joshua 49 verses 10%
- Deuteronomy 44 verses 9%
- 2 Samuel 37 verses 8%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 493 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 272 verses · 55%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 113 verses · 23%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 108 verses · 22%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 4 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Passed over 26×, Pass 24×, Passed 22×
- American Standard Version†: Passed over 27×, Passed 23×, Pass 21×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Crossed 25×, Pass 18×, Cross 15×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Pass through 30×, Passed over 30×, And 28×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H5674 across 562† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 247 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 5 further occurrences.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H5674 across 561† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 270 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H5674 across 541† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 245 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 14 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H5674 across 694† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 201 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
70 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Hithpael (reflexive or reciprocal).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 70 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
עבר I pass over, through, by, pass on (NH = BH
Qal
- Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 15:17 +, sf. עֲבָרוֹ Je 23:9; 1 s. עָבַ֫רְתִּי 1 S 15:24 +; 2 mpl. עֲבַרְתֶּם Gn 18:5 +; 1 pl. עָבַ֫רְנוּ Jos 24:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹר Am 8:5 +, יַעֲבָר־ Gn 33:14 +, sf. 3 ms. יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Is 33:21; 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Je 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Gn 12:6 +; 1 s. אֶעֱבֹר Am 5:17 +, cohort. אֶעְבְּרָה Nu 21:22 +, אֶעֱבֹ֑רָה Nu 20:19 Ju 12:5, etc.; Imv. ms. עֲבֹר Ex 17:5 +; fs. עִבְרִי Mi 1:11 + 2 times; עֲבֹ֑רִי Is 23:12; mpl. עִבְרוּ Am 6:2 +; Inf. abs. עָבוֹר 2 S 17:16; cstr. עֲבֹר Am 7:8 +, לַעֲבָר־ 1 K 18:6 + Na 2:1 Qr (Kt לעבור); sf. עָבְרִי Ex 33:22 Dt 4:21, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵר Ju 8:4 +, etc.;— e.g. Genesis 15:17
- 1. pass over:
- a. = cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.), (1) c. acc. Gn 31:21 (E), 32:11 (J), Jos 3:14, 17; 4:1 (all JE), Dt 2:14 (D), Nu 32:29 (P), 2 S 17:20, 22, 24 Is 16:8, + 37 times, + Gn 32:23 (E; acc. מַעֲבַר), וְעָֽבְרָה הָֽעֲבָרָה לַעֲבִיר 2 S 19:19 (read וַיַּעַבְרוּ We Dr Kit Löhr, and they crossed the ford, or וְעָֽבְרוּ frequent., HPS; > 𝔊 Klo Bu וַיַּעַבְדוּ הָעֲבֹדָה and they performed the service); also c. acc. + acc. loc. 1 S 13:7, + ה loc. Dt 4:26; 31:13, 32:47. (2) acc. om. Ju 3:28 2 S 17:16(×2) + 32 times, + עֹבֵר Ju 8:4 (read וַיַּעֲבֹר Vrss, or del. as gloss GFM Bu), 2 S 15:23a (where read עֹמֵד for MT עֹבֵר We Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS, but del. עֹבְרִים, plausibly, Klo HPS); c. אֶל־ †Nu 32:7 (JE), Dt 27:2 (D), Jos 4:13; 22:19 (both P), c. אֶל־עֵבֶר Dt 30:13, c. הָעֵבֶר 1 S 26:13; c.ה loc. †Dt 3:21; 4:14; 6:1; 11:8, 11; 34:4 Is 23:6; c. acc. loc. †Is 23:12 Je 2:10 Nu 32:32 (P). e.g. Genesis 31:21
- b. cross border, boundary, c. acc. Nu 20:17b; 21:22b (both JE), + אֶל־ 1 S 27:2; of invasion, acc. om., c. אֶל־ Ju 11:32; 12:3 1 S 14:1, 6, 8, c. ה loc. 2 K 8:21, abs. 2 Ch 21:9; cf. Jb 14:5. e.g. Numbers 20:17
- c. cross over (sc. intervening space) against (עַל־) 1 S 14:4, unto 2 S 24:20 (read אֶל־ for עַל־ Bu HPS, cf. 𝔊L), so perhaps also Is 45:14 (עַל; read אֶל?); c. acc. of goal Am 5:5; 6:2. e.g. 1 Samuel 14:4
- d. pass, march over (sc. bodies of captives), Is 51:23(×2). e.g. Isaiah 51:23
- e. = overflow, fig., Is 23:10, abs. of invasion (like a flood) Is 8:8, hence Dn 11:10, 40, Na 1:8 (cf. 4 c); of evil thoughts ψ 73:7; cf. עָֽבְרוּ דִבְרֵי־רָ֑ע Je 5:28 they overflow with evil matters. e.g. Isaiah 23:10
- f. pass, go, over, of waves, over one’s head, usually c. עַל־ Is 54:9 ψ 42:8; 88:17; 124:4, 5 (all fig.), Jon 2:4; c. acc. ψ 38:5, cf. Je 23:9 over whom wine hath gone (= overcome with wine). e.g. Isaiah 54:9
- g. of razor passing over head, c. עַל Nu 6:5; fig. of time passing over one, c. עַל־ 1 Ch 29:30 (cf. Biblical Aramaic חלף על Dn 4:13 +). e.g. Numbers 6:5
- h. pass over upon (עַל־), in weakened sense, nearly = come or light upon; of spirit Nu 5:14(×2), 30; abs. + מֵאֵת 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; c. עַל־ also light upon in chastisement or judgment, Ho 10:11 Jb 13:13, cf. Na 3:19; Dt 24:5 no affair shall pass over upon (עַל־) him, i.e. no duty be laid upon him. e.g. Numbers 5:14
- i. overstep, transgress, c. acc. of covenant, command, etc. (usually divine); Nu 14:41; Jos 7:11, 15 (all JE), Dt 17:2; 26:13; Jos 23:16 (all D), Ju 2:20; 1 S 15:24; Ho 6:7; 8:1; 2 K 18:12; Je 34:18; Is 24:5 ψ 148:6 2 Ch 24:20; Dn 9:11; command of earthly king Est 3:3; abs. ψ 17:3 Jb 14:5. e.g. Numbers 14:41
- j. pass over = overlook, forgive עַל־פֶּשַׁע Mi 7:18 (+ לְ pers.), Pr 19:11; c. לְ pers. only, Am 7:8; 8:2. e.g. Micah 7:18
- 2. Pass beyond, c. acc. 1 S 14:23 (of battle), Je 5:22(×2) (of sea); + אֶל Gn 31:52(×2) (E); pass a little beyond ע׳ מְעַט מֵהָרֹאשׁ 2 S 16:1, כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם Ct 3:4; c. acc. of God’s command (פֶּה), Pr 8:29 (of sea), Nu 22:18 = 24:13 (JE); acc. om. Jb 14:5 ψ 104:9. e.g. 1 Samuel 14:23
- 3. Pass through, traverse, usually
- a. c. בְּ of land, city, etc.: Nu 21:23 (E), 20:21 Jos 18:9 (JE), Ex 12:2 (P), 1 S 9:4(×4) 2 S 20:14 (+ ה loc.), + 31 times; c. בְּתוֹךְ †Ez 9:4 Jb 15:19; c. בְּקֶרֶב of camp, nation(s) †Jos 1:11; 3:2 (D), 24:17 (E), Am 5:17 Dt 29:15; c. acc. †Dt 2:18; 29:15 Ju 11:29(×2) Is 10:29; abs. Ex 12:23 (J) 15:16 (JE), Nu 20:19, 20 (JE), Dt 2:28 Mi 5:7 La 3:44 Ez 14:15; 33:28; †opp. שׁוּב, pass through and return, go to and fro, Ex 32:27 (E; מִשַׁעַר לָשַׁעַר בְּ׳), pt. abs. those going to and fro Ez 35:7 Zc 7:14; 9:8. e.g. Numbers 21:23
- b. c. בְּ of river 2 S 19:19 + 15:23 (but read עֹמֵד We Dr Bu al.), of sea Zc 10:11, cf. Is 43:2 ψ 66:6, c. בְּתוֹךְ Nu 33:8 (P), Ne 9:11; c. בְּ of gates Is 62:10(×2); cf. עֹבְרֵי בְּעֵמֶק ψ 84:7 (Ges§ 130 a). e.g. 2 Samuel 19:19
- c. pt. abs. הָעֹבְרִים the passers-through Ez 39:11a, read prob. הָעֲבָרִים (JDMich Hi Co Berthol), v 11b (Co reads אֶת־הַגַּיְא; Toy del. as gloss), v 14 (del. 𝔊 𝔖 Co Toy Berthol). e.g. Ezekiel 39:11
- d. pass through between (בֵּין) parts of victim, in covenant Gn 15:17 (J), Je 34:18, 19. e.g. Genesis 15:17
- e. traverse c. acc. of expanse of water Is 33:21 (of ship). e.g. Isaiah 33:21
- 4.
- a. pass along by (עַל־), Gn 18:5 (J; not סַרְתֶּם אֶל־ Ball after 𝔊), 1 K 9:8 Je 18:16 + 14 times; c. עַל־פָּנָיו †Ex 34:6 (J); c. acc. †Gn 32:32 Ju 3:26 (on other possibilities v. GFM), 2 K 6:9; abs. pass by Ex 33:22(×2) (J), 2 K 4:8 + 15 times, + (of wind) Jb 37:21 Pr 10:25 and (of waters, = flow past) Hb 3:10 (cf. Jb 6:15), Jb 11:16, hence מוֹר עֹבֵר Ct 5:5, 13 flowing myrrh (liquid, opp. hard = מ׳ דְּרוֹר Ex 30:23); pt. = passer-by Mi 2:8 Ez 5:14; 36:34; 39:15 + 6 times. (Pr 26:10 v. Toy), + עֹבֵר אֹרַח Is 33:8, עֹבְרֵי דֶרֶךְ †La 1:12; 2:15 Jb 21:29 Pr 9:15 ψ 80:13; 89:42; pass by = overtake and pass c. acc. †2 S 18:23. e.g. Genesis 18:5
- b. pass by, בְּ rei, ψ 103:16 (of wind); cf. Dt 2:4. e.g. Psalms 103:16
- c. sweep by, of scourge (fig.) Is 28:15, 18, 19 (cf. מַעֲבָר 3). e.g. Isaiah 28:15
- d. be past, over, of time, etc., Am 8:5 1 K 18:29 Gn 50:4 Ct 2:11 + 7 times e.g. Amos 8:5
- e. pass along (from hand to hand), only pt. שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר Gn 23:16 i.e. current money of the merchant (v. BuTh Lz 1892(3), 63); כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר 2 K 12:5 (v. עֵרֶךְ). e.g. Genesis 23:16
- 5. Pass on, go on:
- a. abs. Gn 18:5 (J), Nu 22:26 (E), Ju 12:1 + 20 times, + Ju 11:29; 18:13 Jos 10:29 (D; all c. acc. of goal + מִן), Gn 18:3 (J; c. מֵעַל pers.); also c. אֶל־ pers. vel rei, proceed unto 1 K 19:19 2 K 4:8 Ne 2:14, c. עַל־ pers. (read אֶל־?) La 4:21; c. מִן Ru 2:8, out of the city 2 S 15:24; c. ה loc. Ju 12:1 2 S 19:41, c. ה loc. + מִן Jos 10:31, 34 (D); ע׳ מֵעִיר לָעִיר בארץ 2 Ch 30:10; abs. 2 S 19:41 all the people of Judah proceeding with the king (read עֹבְרִים for ויעברו, v. Hiph. ad fin.). e.g. Genesis 18:5
- b. specif. of boundary-line, pass on, c. ה loc. Nu 34:4(×2) Jos 15:3, 4; 16:6 (om. אוֹתוֹ 𝔊 𝔙 cf. BennHpt Steuern); + מִן 19:13 + מִן + אֶל־ 18:13; c. מִן + לְ 15:6; c. אֶל־ 15:7, 10; 16:2; 18:18, 19; c. acc. loc. 15:3, 10, 11 (all P, except Jos 16:2 JE). e.g. Numbers 34:4
- c. c. לִפְנֵי pass on before, go in advance of Gn 32:17 Ex 17:5 (both E), Gn 32:22; 33:3, 14 (all J), Dt 9:3 + 7 times, + Dt 3:18, 28; 31:3(×2) Jos 1:14 (all D) where ref. may be to crossing in advance of; c. עַל־פְּנֵו 2 S 15:18 so v 23b (reading עַל־פָּנָיו 𝔊L We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS). e.g. Genesis 32:17
- d. pass on as far as (עַד), Ju 19:12, + מִן v 18; c. אַחֲרֵי after 2 S 20:13; תַּעֲבָר־כּוֹם עַל La 4:21 pass on unto (cf. תִּסּוֹב Hb 2:16). e.g. Judges 19:12
- e. pass on into (בְּ), Jos 3:11 (+ לִפְנֵי), 4:7 (both JE), cf. Ju 9:26 Jb 33:28, so also ע׳ בִּבְרִית י׳ Dt 29:11 enter into a covenant with י׳; (Klo reads וַיַּעֲבֹר בַּבּ׳ also 2 K 23:3 for MT ויעמד). e.g. Joshua 3:11
- f. pass on away from (מֵאֵת) Dt 2:8 (+ ה loc.). e.g. Deuteronomy 2:8
- g. pass on in order, for counting 2 S 2:15, עַל־יְדֵי מוֹנֶה Je 33:13, עֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים Ex 30:13, 14; 38:26, also pass on under (תַּחַת) rod Lv 27:32 (for counting; all P; cf. Hiph. 3 d). e.g. 2 Samuel 2:15
- h. pass along, travel c. acc. of way Is 35:8 cf. 51:10; עֹבֵר אָרְחוֹת יַמִּים ψ 8:9; c. בְּ of way Jos 3:4 Pr 4:15; 7:8. e.g. Isaiah 35:8
- i. pass on, advance, abs., ψ 48:5 (Ol We pass away, perish), Mi 2:13a (acc. loc.). e.g. Psalms 48:5
- 6. Pass away:
- a. emigrate, leave one’s territory or city Mi 1:11. e.g. Micah 1:11
- b. vanish, of chaff, Is 29:5 cf. Je 13:24, shadow ψ 144:4, brooks Jb 6:15 (all in sim.), Ct 5:6. e.g. Isaiah 29:5
- c. = cease to exist, perish Na 1:12 Jb 30:15; 33:18 (בְּ instr.), 36:12 (id.), 34:20 ψ 37:36 (but read ואעבר and I passed by, cf. 4 a), cf. Is 31:9 (סלעו subj.), מֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר 40:27 pass away from. e.g. Nahum 1:12
- d. = become invalid, obsolete, of law, decree, Est 1:19; 9:27, also v 28 (+ מִתּוֹךְ הַיְהוּדִים). e.g. Esther 1:19
- e. c. מִן of hands ψ 81:7 (i.e. they were freed from). e.g. Psalms 81:7
- f. = be alienated, pass into other hands Ez 48:14 (reading Kt; > Qr Hiph.).—Je 2:20 read אֶעֱבוֹד Kt (not אֶעֱבוֹר Qr); וָאֶתֵּן לָהֶם יַעַבְרוּם 8:13 and I gave to them that which they transgress 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Symm Ew, those that shall pass over them Hi Gf Ke RVm, those that shall consume, devour them RothstKau (reading יְבַעֲרוּם) but all very dub.; 𝔊 Co del.; 11:15 read Hiph. q.v.; מִנֹּגַהּ נֶגְדּוֹ עָבָיו עָֽבְרוּ ψ 18:13 is difficult; perhaps best, as Che KitKau Löhr, out of the brightness before him issued forth hailstones, etc. (del. עָבָיו); > ‖ 2 S 22:13 בָּֽעֲרוּ and so here Bu HPS cf. WoodsHbr 1887, 262, his clouds burned with hailstons, etc.; read rather עברו in 2 S. e.g. Ezekiel 48:14
Niphal
- Impf. 3 ms. נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵר Ez 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded. e.g. Ezekiel 47:5
Piel
- 1. Pf. 3 ms. שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר Jb 21:10 his bull impregnateth (cf. NH מְעֻבֶּרֶת pregnant, Yeb 4:1, 2; 7:3 Keth 1:9; but note also that in 𝔗J and Talm. (both Aramaic and Heb.) עִבַּר = conceive, עִבּוּר conception, עוֹבֵר embryo.) abs. (proposes causeth to pass over, sc. semen).* e.g. Job 21:10
- 2. Impf. 3 ms. וַיְעַבֵּר בְּ׳ 1 K 6:21 he made to pass across with chains of gold.— e.g. 1 Kings 6:21
Hithpael
- v. [עָבַר] infr.
Hiphil
- Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיר 2 S 12:13 +; 2 ms. הֵעֲבַ֫רְתָּ Jos 7:7 (Ges§ 63 p), וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֫ Ez 5:1 +; 1 s. הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zc 3:4, וְהַעֲבַרְתִּ֫י Ez 20:37 + Je 15:14 (but read והעבדתי 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Codd Ew Hi Gf Gie), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵר Gn 8:1 +, וַיַּעֲבֶר־ 2 Ch 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, sf. וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי Ez 46:21 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הַעֲבֵר ψ 119:37 + 2 times, הַעֲבֶר־ 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8; mpl. sf. הַעֲבִירוּנִי 2 Ch 35:23; Inf. abs. הַעֲבִיר Jos 7:7 (read prob. הַעֲבֵיר); cstr. הַעֲבִיר 2 S 3:10 +, לַעֲבִיר 2 S 19:19 (Ges§ 53 q), etc.; Pt. מַעֲבִיר Dt 18:10 Dn 11:20, pl. מַעֲבִרִים 1 S 2:24 (v. infr.);— e.g. 2 Samuel 12:13
- 1. cause to pass over, bring over:
- a. cause one to cross river, c. 2 acc., Gn 32:24 (J), Nu 32:5 Jos 7:7 (both JE), 2 S 19:16, 42; acc. of river om. Gn 32:24 (J), Jos 4:3; 7:7 (+ Inf. abs.; both JE), 4:8 (JE; + אֶל־), 2 S 2:8 (+ acc. loc.). e.g. Genesis 32:24
- b. cause something to pass over (עַל־): razor (acc.) Nu 8:7 (P), cf. Ez 5:1 (where Co reads sf. of razor), wind Gn 8:1 (P). e.g. Numbers 8:7
- c. make over to (ל), acc. of inheritance Nu 27:7, 8 (P); of making over, dedicating, something to (לְ) deity Ex 13:12 (JE; = קִדַּשׁ). Especially e.g. Numbers 27:7
- d. devote children to (לְ) heathen god Je 32:35 Ez 23:37 (+ לְאָכְלָה), Lv 18:21 (H), cf. Ez 16:21; + בָּאֵשׁ by fire 2 K 23:10; c. acc. alone devote Ez 20:26; c. acc. + בָּאֵשׁ alone, devote by fire Dt 18:10 2 K 16:3; 17:17; 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6, Ez 20:31 (on the practice cf. NowArch. ii. 205 f. BenzArch. 433 f. Toy Ez:16:20; 20:26 GFMJBL xvi (1897), 161 ff.). e.g. Jeremiah 32:35
- 2.
- a. cause to pass through, c. acc. + בְּ Ez 14:15; 47:3, 4 + v 4 (where ins. בְּ, cf. Co Berthol Toy), Nu 31:23(×2) (P); c. acc. + בְּתוֹךְ ψ 136:14; c. acc. pers. alone 78:13, + אֶל־ Ez 46:21, + עַד־אֲשֶׁר Ne 2:7; c. acc. of (sound of) שׁוֹפָר Lv 25:9 (H), + בְּ v 9 (P); c. acc. קוֹל = proclamation, + בְּ Ex 36:6 (P), 2 Ch 30:5; 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, Ezr 10:7 (+ לִ pers.), Ne 8:15. e.g. Ezekiel 14:15
- b. let pass through, c. acc. + בְּ pers. Dt 2:30. e.g. Deuteronomy 2:30
- 3.
- a. cause to pass by, c. acc. + עַל־, Ez 37:2 (+ סָבִיב סָבִיב), + עַל־פְּנֵי Ex 33:19 (J), + לִפְנֵי 1 S 16:8, 10 and (לִפְנֵי om.) v 9. e.g. Ezekiel 37:2
- b. let pass by, c. acc. מוֹעֵד Je 46:17 he hath let the set time pass by (in mocking appell. of Pharaoh). e.g. Jeremiah 46:17
- c. cause arrow to pass beyond one 1 S 20:36. e.g. 1 Samuel 20:36
- d. cause to pass under rod, for counting, Ez 20:37 (cf. Qal 5 g). e.g. Ezekiel 20:37
- 4. Cause to pass away, take away, kingdom (acc.) + מִן pers. 2 S 3:10, cf. Est 8:2, put off robe + מֵעַל Jon 3:6; c. acc. of sin 2 S 12:13 (חַטָּאת) 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8; Jb 7:21 (עָוֹן), + מֵעַל pers. Zc 3:4; Je 11:15 (reading יַעֲבִרוּ מֵעַל Ew Gf Gie); put away evil (acc.) from (מִן), 1 K 15:12 cf. ‖ 2 Ch 15:8; Zc 13:2; Ec 11:10; c. acc. alone ψ 119:39 Est 8:3; also take me away (sf.) 2 Ch 35:23 (c. מִן) v 24; turn away eyes (acc.) + מִן ψ 119:37.—Gn 47:21 read הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים Sam 𝔊 𝔙 Ol Kn Di Kau Holz; Je 15:14 read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ 𝔊 𝔗 Codd Gie; 2 S 12:31 read וְהֶעֱבִיד HoffmZAW ii (1882), 53 f. Gr Klo Bu Kit HPS, cf. Dr Löhr; 2 S 19:41 (for ויעברו Kt, הֶעֱבִרוּ Qr) read עֹבְרִים 𝔊 We Bu Löhr HPS, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Kit (v. Qal 5 a); Ez 48:14 read Qal (so Kt; v. Qal 6 f); מַעֲבִרִים עַם־י׳ 1 S 2:24 not good is the report which I hear the people of י׳ spreading (cf. 2), so Ew Th We Dr Kit Löhr RVm, but order of words difficult; > (ye) make the people of י׳ transgress 𝔙 AV RV; text dub.; מַעֲבִיר נוֹגֵשׂ Dn 11:20 one causing an exactor to pass through Ew al. RV, Bev proposes נוֹגֵשׂ מ׳ an exactor causing to pass away the glory, etc. e.g. 2 Samuel 3:10
עבר II
- 1. region across or beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly c. prep.: בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֹן Nu 21:13 (JE) Ju 11:18, cf. Je 25:22; אֶל־ע׳ הַיָּם Dt 30:13 b, מֵעֵבֶר לַיָּם v 13 a beyond the sea; מֵע׳ לְנַהֲרֵי־כוּשׁ Is 18:1, cf. עַד־מֵע׳ 1 K 4:12 (מִן on the side of, on, v. מִן 1 c; so usually c. ע׳); but also (rarely) מֵע׳ from the other side of Zp 3:10 Jb 1:19 2 Ch 20:2; abs. הָע׳ 1 S 26:13 to the other side (sc. of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק 1 S 31:7, read perhaps בְּעָרֵי הָע׳, so Klo Bu HPS; בְּעֶבְרֵי פִי־פָ֑חַת Je 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dub.; Gie proposes בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hex, 37 times) ע׳הַיַּרְדֵּן (30 times), or (less often, Jos 13:32 + 13 times), לַיַּרְדֵּן, לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ (only c. מֵע׳), of either E. Jordan (36 times) or W. Jordan land (9 times) according to standpoint of speaker or writer: A. E. Jordan (from standpoint of writer) Gn 50:10, 11 (J) Jos 17:5 (JE) Dt 1:1, 5; 4:41, 46, 47, 49; Jos 1:14; 12:1; 13:8 (D), Nu 22:1; 32:19; 34:15 Jos 13:27, 32; 14:3; 20:8 (P), Ju 7:25; 10:8 1 S 31:7 Is 8:23 1 Ch 6:63; 12:37; from standpoint of speaker, Jos 7:7 (JE), 24:8 (E), 1:15; 2:10; 9:10; 18:7; 22:4 (D), Ju 5:17; in Nu 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opp. to Can., cf. Nu 32:32; in Dt 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topogr. note is added, e.g. מִזְרָ֫חָה Dt 4:49 +, מִזְרַח הַששֶּׁמֶשׁ Jos 1:15 +, etc.); אֶל־עֵבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר׳ Jos 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel appar. also refers to E. side (v. Steuernagel on text). B. W. Jordan (9 times), from standpoint of speaker Dt 3:20, 25 (Moses), also 11:30 (but here + מְבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all foll. some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Jos 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), 12:7 (opposite East v 1–6), 22:7 (id.; Kt מעבר, Qr בְּעֵבֶר), cf. 9:1 (as 5:1); + וָהָ֑לְאָה Nu 32:19 a (opposite East v b); in 1 Ch 26:30 מֵע׳ לַיַּר׳ מַעֲרָ֑בָה ע׳ seems = side (v. infr.). Also בְּע׳ הַנָּהָר beyond the river (Euphrates) Jos 24:2, 14, 15 (E; Kt Qr מֵע׳), מֵע׳ 2 S 10:16 = 1 Ch 19:16 beyond, and 1 K 14:5 to the other side of (v. מִן 1 c); מֵע׳ from beyond the river only Jos 24:3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphr. eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphr.; so pl. בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ׳ Is 7:20; poss. also ע׳ alone (si vera l.) in the difficult passage Nu 24:24; ע׳ הַנָּהָר = region beyond the river (Euphr.) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Ne 2:7, 9; 3:7 Ezr 8:36; also 1 K 5:4(×2) (written in Bab.; cf. Biblical Aramaic עֲבַר, and DrIntr (6) 504). cf. late Assyrian ebir nâri SchrKB iv. 304, 1. 7 from below; KAT 3. 188, 437. e.g. Numbers 21:13
- 2. (Opposite) side, side: מֵע׳ הַלָּז 1 S 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; מֵהָע׳ מִזֶּה twice, v 4 = on one side, on the other side, so לְע׳ אֶחָד twice v 40; even מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם Ex 32:15 (E) on their two sides (i.e. of tablets); אֶל־ע׳ הָאֵפוֹד בָּ֑יְתָה Ex 28:26 (P) toward the inner side of the ephod; in 1 K 7:20, 30 ע׳ appar. = at the side of or opposite, but the archit. details are obscure; מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב 1 K 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו Je 49:32 (reads עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יִךְ v 5); אֶל־עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵ֑כוּ to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward) they (always) went Ez 1:9, 12; 10:22, cf. עַל־ע׳ פָּנֶיהָ Ex 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֹ תָּעוּ Is 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee).—On 1 Ch 26:30 v. supr. e.g. 1 Samuel 14:1
עבר III m. Eber (perhaps eponym of Hebrews, form inferred from עִבְרִי, cf. reff. there)
- 1. ‘son’ of Shelaḥ, and ‘grandson’ of Arpachshad Gn 10:24 (J) = 1 Ch 1:18; Gn 11:14, 15 (P); ‘father’ of Peleg and Joktan 10:25 (J; with especially ref. to Joktan v 26 ff., i.e. to Arabians) = 1 Ch 1:19 (cf. v 20 ff.), of Peleg specif. Gn 11:16, 17 (P; with especially ref. to Abr. v 26 f.) cf. 1 Ch 1:25 (see v 27 f.); in Gn 10:21 (J) Shem is called אֲבִי כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֵבֶר; 𝔊 Εβερ.—ע׳ Nu 24:24 perhaps (si vera l.) belongs not here (= עִבְרִים Hebrews, 𝔊 Ἐβραίους, so Thes), but sub i. עֵבֶר = the (land) beyond (the river), ‖ אַשּׁוּר, so Di Kau. e.g. Genesis 10:24
- 2. a Gadite chief 1 Ch 5:13, 𝔊 Ωβηδ, 𝔊L Εβερ. e.g. 1 Chronicles 5:13
- 3. Benjamite names:
- a. 1 Ch 8:12, 𝔊 Ωβηδ, 𝔊L Αβερ. e.g. 1 Chronicles 8:12
- b. 1 Ch 8:22 (עֵבֶר van d. H. Ginsb; עֶבֶד Baer), 𝔊 Ωβδη, A Ωβηδ, 𝔊L Αβερ. e.g. 1 Chronicles 8:22
- 4. a priest Ne 12:20 𝔊L Αβεδ. e.g. Nehemiah 12:20
עבר IV denom.
Hithpael
- be arrogant, infuriate oneself;—Pf. 3 ms. הִתְעַבָּ֑ר ψ 78:62; 2 ms. הִתְעַבַּ֫רְתָּ 89:39; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַבֵּר Dt 3:26, וַיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר ψ 78:21, 59; Pt. מִתְעַבֵּר Pr 14:16; 26:17; sf. מִתְעַבְּרוֹ 20:2;— e.g. Psalms 78:62
- 1. be arrogant, Pr 14:16 (opp. יָרֵא). e.g. Proverbs 14:16
- 2.
- a. put oneself in a fury, become furious. c. בְּ pers. Dt 3:26 ψ 78:62; c. עִם pers. 89:39; abs. 78:21, 59 (all of God); of man, c. עַל rei. Pr 26:17. e.g. Deuteronomy 3:26
- b. incite one to fury for oneself Pr 20:2 (si vera l.; cf. De Ges§ 54 f.). e.g. Proverbs 20:2
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. vb. pass over, through, by, pass on (NH = BH; Zinj. עבר Haph. Lzb336 Cook88, perhaps also Nab. עבר id.ib.; 𝔗 עֲבַר, Syriac ܥܒܰܪ id.; Assyrian ebêru, id. DlHWB 10, and deriv.; Arabic عَبَرَ id., and deriv.; Sab. עבר = Heb. עִבַּר 1. MordtSab Denkm 49; עברת passage, march through DHMZMG xxix (1875), 614 also bank or neighbourhood of a stream Sab Denkm49);—
I. n.m. 1 S 14:40 region across or beyond, side (on format. cf. BaNB 144; cf. especially Assyrian êbru, êbirtu, id. êbirtan, adv. beyond);—ע׳ abs. 1 S 14:4 +; cstr. Jos 24:4 +; sf. עֶבְרוֹ Is 47:15; pl. cstr. עֶבְרֵי Is 7:20 Je 48:28 (si vera l., v. infr.); sf. עֲבָרָיו 1 K 5:4 Je 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so Vrss), עֶבְרֵיהֶם Ex 32:15;—
II. n.pr.m. Eber (perhaps eponym of Hebrews, form inferred from עִבְרִי, cf. reff. there);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
עָבַר
- (b. h.)
- 1. to be thick, swell; to run over. Par. VI, 4 כדי שׁיַעַבְרוּ המים וכ׳ that the water may overflow into a vessel; a. e.—Ex. R. s. 15 שאני עוֹבֵר, v. עֶבְרָה.
- 2. (cmp. סְגֵי I a. II) to pass, to cross. Tosef. Sot. VIII, 1; Sot. 33ᵇ כיצד עָבְרוּ ישראל את וכ׳ in what manner did the Israelites cross the Jordan? Cant. R. to V, 13 עוֹבֵר הוא וחוזר וכ׳ he goes over his studies once and again &c.; a. fr.—ע׳ את הדין to cross the line of justice, to be too severe. Midd. II, 2 כאילו עברו עליו וכ׳ as if they had treated him too severely (arbitrarily). Ex. R. s. 30 כשם שאני יכול לַעֲבוֹר … ואני איני מַעֲבִיר וכ׳ as I (the Lord) have power to treat the nations with rigor, but refrain from doing so, so shall you not go beyond the line of justice. Ib. עִיבְּרָה את הדין (Pi.); a. e.
- 3. (with על) to pass over (a sin); to forgive. Cant. R. to V, 5 (play on מור עובר, ib.) מר עובר ע׳ על מררי the bitterness passes away, he (the Lord) passes over my bitterness (sin). R. Hash. 17ᵃ (ref. to Mic. VII, 18) למי נושא עון למי שעובר על פשע whose iniquity does he pardon? the iniquity of him who forgives (his neighbor’s) transgression; a. e. e.g. Micah 7:18
- 4. to transgress, sin. Yoma 86ᵇ, a. e. כיון שע׳ אדם עבירה ושנה וכ׳ as soon as a man has committed a sin and repeated it, it becomes to him a permitted act. Ib. 86ᵃ, a. e. ע׳ על עשה when one has transgressed a positive law (committed a sin of omission). Ib. ע׳ על כריתות וכ׳ when one has committed sins punishable with extinction or death by a court. Erub. 100ᵃ, a. fr. עובר על בל וכ׳, v. בַּל. Keth. VII, 6 העוֹבֶרֶת על דת וכ׳ if a wife offends against Mosaic or Jewish customs, v. דַּת; Y. ib. VII, 31ᶜ top נשים המְעַבְּרוֹת על הדת (Pi.); a. v. fr.
- 5. to pass, overtake, precede. Pes. 7ᵇ כל המצות מברך עליהן עובר לעשייתן in the performance of all religious ceremonies one must say the benediction over them before doing them; מאי משמע דהאי עובר לישנא דאקדומי היא what evidence is there that this ‘ober has the meaning of precedence? Answ. by ref. to ויעבר (II Sam. XVIII, 23) ‘and he arrived before the Cushite’. e.g. 2 Samuel 18:23
- 6. to pass by, go away, be removed. Pes. III, 1 אלו עוֹבְרִין בפסח the following things must pass away (their use must be suspended) during Passover. Bets. 26ᵃ, a. fr. מום עובר a transitory blemish, opp. קבוע. Ber. 26ᵃ ע׳ יומו בטל קרבנו when its day is passed, the sacrifice of the day is void. Pes. II, 2 חמץ … שע׳ עליו הפסח leavened matter … over which Passover has passed (which had been in the house during Passover). Ber. IX, 3 הצועק לַשֶּׁעָבַר וכ׳ praying for what is passed (decided) is a vain prayer, e.g. if one’s wife is with child, and one prays, may it be the will of God that my wife bear a male child; Y. Taan. II, 65ᶜ bot. נותן הודייה לשעבר וצועק וכ׳ one gives thanks for what is passed, and prays for what is to come. Gitt. VII, 7 כל זמן שאֱעֶבוֹר מכנגד פניך וכ׳ as soon as I shall have been out of thy sight for thirty days; Tosef. ib. VII (V), 10. Keth. 17ᵃ ע׳ מלפני כלה he passed aside to make room for a bridal procession. Yoma 66ᵃ, a. e. חטאת שעָבְרָה שנתה a sin-offering whose year is passed (that is older than one year); Tem. 22ᵃ שעִיבְּרָה שנתה (Pi.) whose year is completed (v. infra). Ib. 21ᵇ בכור שעברה שנתו a first-born animal older than one year; R. Hash. 5ᵇ; Zeb. 29ᵃ bot. שעיברה; Tosef. Snh. III, 6 בכור שעיברה זמנו ed. Zuck. (read with Var.: שעבר). Keth. 87ᵃ על שֶׁעָ׳ as regards the past, v. עָתִיד; a. v. fr.—לַשֶּׁעָ׳ in former days. Gen. R. s. 47, opp. עַכְשָׁיו; a. fr.
- 1. to lead past, stroke gently. Tosef. Sabb. VII (VIII), 23 [read:] מַעֲבִירִין על גבי העין בשבת you are permitted to stroke a sore eye on the Sabbath; Y. ib. XIV, 14ᶜ bot. מעבירין על העין. Ib. הֶעֱבִירוּ עליו כלים they passed garments over it.
- 2. to cause to pass; to remove, displace. Keth. 17ᵃ מַעֲבִירִין את המת מלפני כלה וכ׳ a funeral procession is made to make way for a bridal procession, and both of them for the king, v. supra. Gitt. 57ᵇ שאין אנו מעבירין אותו באל אחר that we shall never displace him for another god; שאין מַעֲבִיר אותנו וכ׳ that he will never displace us for another nation. Ex. R. s. 30 כאילו היא מעביר איקינין וכ׳ as if he removed (defaced) the king’s portrait; a. fr.
- 3. to go beyond. Ib. איני מעביר וכ׳, v. supra. Ib. הבריות מעבירין על הדין וכ׳ men go beyond the line of justice (are treacherous, cruel), and they are punished; a. e.
- 4. to skip over; to forego, postpone.—ה׳ על מדותיו, v. מִדָּה.—Yoma 33ᵃ; 58ᵇ, a. fr. אין מעבירין על המצות you must not forego the occasion for performing a religious act. Erub. 64ᵇ אין מעבירין על האוכלין you must not pass by eatables (and let them lie in the street); B. Mets. 23ᵃ; a. fr.
- 5. to forego, overlook, pardon. R. Hash. 17ᵃ (ref. to Mic. VII, 18) מעביר ראשון ראשין וכך היא המדה (Ms. M. על ראשון וכ׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he pardons one sin after the other (before they are put on the scale), and such is the divine dealing. Ib. מעבירין לו על כל פשעיו all his transgressions are pardoned; a. fr. e.g. Micah 7:18
- 6. to cause to forego or disregard. Erub. 41ᵇ שלשה דברים מעבירין … על וכ׳ three things make a man disregard his own sense (of right) and the sense of his Maker; a. e.
- 1. to be completed, full. Tem. 22ᵃ, a. e., v. supra.
- 2. to transgress repeatedly. Y. Keth. VII, 31ᶜ top, v. supra.
- 3. to go beyond. Ex. R. l. c. עיברה את הדין, v. supra. [Tosef. B. Kam. VI, 22 שעיברה הדליקה עד, read with Y. ib. VII, 5ᶜ. שעברה … את.]
- 4. (v. עוּבָּר) to carry, be with young. Kidd. 31ᵇ כי עִבַּרְתּוֹ אמו וכ׳ while his mother was pregnant with him, his father died. Tosef. B. Kam. X, 1 ועִיבְּרָה אצלו (B. Kam. IX, 1 ונִתְעַבְּרָה) and the cow became pregnant while she was in his possession. Ḥull. 58ᵃ; a. fr.—Part. pass. f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת; pl. מְעוּבָּרוֹת pregnant. Yeb. XVI, 1. Ib. 36ᵇ, a. e. מע׳ חבירו a woman who is with child of another man (divorced or widowed during pregnancy). Gen. R. s. 85 מלכים אני מע׳ גואלים אני מע׳ I am pregnant with kings, with redeemers (kings and redeemers are destined to be of my offspring). Yeb. III, 10; a. fr.—4) (v. עִיבּוּר) to extend the city limits, for the purpose of defining Sabbath distances, in cases of buildings projecting beyond the city lines (outskirts). Erub. V, 1 כיצד מְעַבְּרִין וכ׳ (v. אָבַר), defined ib. 53ᵃ; Y. ib. V, beg. 22ᵇ; Y. Ber. VII, 12ᶜ top כאשה עוברה like a pregnant woman; Tosef. Ber. VI (V), 1; a. e.—6) to complement, add to, esp. to intercalate a month, (second Adar); proclaim a leap year; to complement a month (v. מָלֵא) by assigning to it an additional day (thirty days). Tosef. Snh. II, 1 שנים אומרים צריכה לְעַבֵּר if two judges say, it is necessary to intercalate a month. Ib. 2 על שלשה סימנים מעברין וכ׳ on three indications the intercalation is decided; על שנים מעברין וכ׳ when two of them exist, the intercalation is decreed. Ib. ואם עִיבְּרוּהָ הרי זו מעוברת but if they proclaimed it a leap-year, it remains a leap-year; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְעוּבָּר; f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת. R. Hash. 19ᵇ אלול מע׳ an Elul of thirty days. Snh. 11ᵇ אינה מע׳ the year is not a leap-year (the declared intercalation is invalid); a. fr.
- 1. to swell (with anger), to become wroth. Sifré Num. 135 (expl. ויתעבר, Deut. III, 26) כאדם שאומר נ׳ בי פלוני נתמלא וכ׳ as a man says, that man (became full) got wroth with me, meaning, he was filled with wrath against me; Yalk. Deut. 818; Sifré Deut. 29 כאשה שאינה יכולה לשוח מפני עוברה (swelled,) like a woman that cannot bend down on account of the child she is pregnant with; v. עֶבְרָה. e.g. Deuteronomy 3:26
- 2. to become pregnant. Gen. R. s. 45 מביאה … נִתְעַבְּרָה she conceived on her first intercourse; אין אשה מִתְעַבֶּרֶת וכ׳ no woman conceives on &c.; Yeb. 34ᵃ. Ib. 34ᵇ כדי שלא תִתְעַבֵּר וכ׳ that she may not become with child, and her beauty &c., v. כָּחַשׁ. B. Kam. IX, 1 ונתעברה אצלו, v. supra; a. fr.
- 3. to be extended, to be consolidated into one township. Y. Erub. V, 22ᵇ bot. יכול אני … בית מעון מתעברת וכ׳ I can cause Beth Ma‘on and Tiberias to be considered one township (as regards Sabbath distances).
- 4. to be added to, to be proclaimed a full month (of thirty days), a leap-year (of thirteen months). Y. R. Hash. III, beg. 58ᶜ ניסן לא נ׳ מימיו Nisan was never made a full month (by decree of the court); Y. Shebi. X, beg. 39ᵇ; a. e.—Snh. 12ᵃ ראויה … שתִּתְעַבֵּר that year ought to have been a leap-year. B. Mets. נִתְעַבְּרָה השנה נתע׳ לשוכר if the year was made a leap-year, the tenant (that rented by the year) reaps the benefit of the intercalation. R. Hash. 19ᵇ; a. fr.
- (with עֲבֵרָה) to be committed. Tosef. B. Kam. X, 3 בהמה ונֶעֶבְרָה בה עבירה if one stole a beast, and some sinful act was committed on it (by which it became forbidden for any benefit); (B. Kam. IX, 2, a. fr. נעבדה … עבירה).
עֲבַר
- , to pass, cross, step over, forgive &c. (v. preced.). Impf. יְעִיבַּר; infin. מִיעִיבַּר. Targ. Gen. XXXII, 17. Ib. XII, 6. Targ. O. Deut. XVII, 2 מִיעִיבַּר ed. Berl. (oth. ed. מֶעְבַּר, מֶעֱבַר; Y. מֵעִיבַר). Targ. Ps. CXXIV, 4; a. v. fr.—Sabb. 40ᵃ האי מאן דע׳ אדרבנן he who disregards Rabbinical enactments. Y. ib. VII, 9ᵃ top; Y. Yeb. VIII, 9ᶜ עַבְרַת בידך וכ׳, v. בְּדִי I. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 43ᵇ bot. מהו נִיעֲבוֹר קומוי how about passing it by?; … עבור וסמי עיניה pass it and ignore it, v. סְמֵי; Y. Ber. II, 4ᵇ מהו מִיעֲבוֹר (not מיהו); Y. Shek. II, 47ᵃ top; a. fr.
- as preced. Hif. Targ. O. Lev. XVIII, 21 לאָעַבָרָא ed. Berl. (oth. ed. לאַעְבָּ׳, לאַעֲבָ׳). Targ. Gen. XLVII, 21. Targ. Ex. XXXVI, 6.—Targ. II Sam. XII, 13.—Targ. Mic. VII, 18; a. v. fr.—Esp. (b. h. עִבֵּר) to pass through; to bar. Targ. I Kings VI, 21. Targ. O. Ex. XXXVI, 33.—Part. pass. מַעְבַּר passed through, barring. Ib. XXVI, 28.—Ḥag. 5ᵃ מַעְבִּיר במיליה = h. מַעֲבִיר על מדותיו, v. preced. a. מִדָּה.
- 1. to be with child, to conceive. Targ. Ps. LI, 7 עַבְּרַת (ed. Lag. עברית, Bxt. עֲבָרַת, corr. acc.). Targ. Y. Num. XI, 12 (ed. Vien. עֲבָרִית, corr. acc.); a. fr.—Part. pass. f. מְעַבְּרָא, מְעַבְּרָה, מְעַבַּרְתָּא; pl. מְעַבְּרָתָא. Targ. Y. Gen. XVI, 11. Ib. XXXVIII, 24; a. e.—B. Kam. 47ᵃ פרה מע׳ a pregnant cow. Ḥull. 59ᵇ אַפִּילוּ כל מע׳ all pregnant women miscarried; a. e.
- 2. as preced. Hif., to cause to pass; to remove, displace; to cover up. Ab. Zar. 65ᵇ מְעַבֵּר להו מעברא he passed them over the ford. Yoma 33ᵇ עַבּוּרֵי דרעא וכ׳, v. דְּרָעָא. Erub. 65ᵃ, v. פּוּק. Ḥull. 18ᵃ שמתיה ועַבְּרֵיה he excommunicated him and removed him (from his office). Ib. מְעַבְּרִינָן ליה וכ׳ we remove him and declare his meat ṭ’refah. Ber. 27ᵇ תא ונְעַבְּרֵיה come, let us displace him. Ib. 39ᵃ לעבורי זוהמא to carry off foul matter. Y. Ber. II, 4ᶜ bot. הוה מעבר וכ׳ covered it with a sheet, v. פַּלְיוּם; a. fr.—Yeb. 63ᵇ עבורו, v. infra.
- 3. to declare a full month, a leap year. Targ. I Chr. XII, 32. Targ. Cant. VII, 5; a. e.—Snh. 11ᵇ בתר דעַבְּרוּהָ after they had declared it a leap year. R. Hash. 20ᵃ עַבְּרוּהָ לאלול they have declared Elul a full month; a. e.—Part. pass. מְעַבַּר; f. מְעַבַּרְתָּא. Snh. 12ᵇ שתא מע׳ a leap year; a. e.
- 1. to become pregnant. Targ. Y. Gen. XIX, 36, sq.; a. e.—Yeb. 45ᵃ אִיעַבְּרָא מכותי was with child by a Samaritan.
- 2. to get over it, to be appeased. Yeb. 63ᵇ מתקיף … ועַבּוּרֵי איעברא במילא she is irascible, but is easily appeased with a word.
- 3. to be waded through, be crossed. Targ. Ez. XLVII, 5.
עֵבֶר I
- (b. h.) pr. n. m. Eber, a descendant of Shem, believed to have maintained schools (oracles) in connection with Shem. Gen. R. s. 63 (ref. to Gen. XXV, 22) למדרשו של שם וע׳ to the school of Shem and Eber. Gen. R. s. 37 נביא גדול היה ע׳ וכ׳ E. was a great prophet, for he gave names alluding to coming events. Ib. s. 42 (expl. העברי, Gen. XIV, 13) שהוא מבני בניו של ע׳ because he is a descendant of Eber; a. fr. e.g. Genesis 25:22
עֵבֶר II
- border, bank, side. Gen. R. s. 42 (expl. העברי, v. preced.) כל העולם כולו מֵעֵ׳ אחד וכ׳ the whole world was on one side (idolaters), and he (Abraham) on the other side; שהוא מע׳ הנהר וכ׳ because he came from the banks of the river (Euphrates), and spoke the Hebrew language (v. עִבְרִו).—מע׳ לים beyond the sea. Erub. 55ᵃ (ref. to Deut. XXX, 12) … אם מע׳ לים לעבור אחריה if the Law be beyond the sea, thou must go over to learn it. e.g. Deuteronomy 30:12
עֵבַר
- , v. עֵיבַר II, a. next w.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 356 distinct written forms H5674 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 296 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H5674, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 471 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 493 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 8:1
- Exodus 12:12
- Leviticus 18:21
- Numbers 5:14
- Deuteronomy 2:4
- Joshua 1:2
- Judges 2:20
- Ruth 2:8
- 1 Samuel 2:24
- 2 Samuel 2:8
- 1 Kings 2:37
- 2 Kings 2:8
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
