Deuteronomy 2:18

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

You are this day to pass over Ar, the border of Moab:

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Word by word

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עָֽר

ʻÂr

H6144

“Ar”

Noun, Proper

Appears 6× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Numbers 21:15

Full BDB Definition

Origin: the same as H5892

TWOT: None

Ar = "a city" - a city of Moab located south of the Arnon river; perhaps the capital

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8: words
7: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is עָֽר Ar H6144 — appearing just 6 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

עָֽר Ar H6144 occurs in 6 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

1 verb
4 nouns
1 pronoun
2 particles

Verb forms

עֹבֵ֥ר Qal · Participle Active

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 12 words from the Hebrew and 12 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 8 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Deuteronomy 2:18 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Numbers 21:23 Sihon would not allow Israel to pass through his border: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness, and came to Jahaz; and he fought against Israel.
Numbers 21:15 The slope of the valleys That inclines toward the dwelling of Ar, Leans on the border of Moab.
Isaiah 15:1 The burden of Moab. For in a night Ar of Moab is laid waste, [and] brought to nothing; for in a night Kir of Moab is laid waste, [and] brought to nothing.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Deuteronomy 2:18 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

אַתָּ֨ה עֹבֵ֥ר הַיּ֛וֹם אֶת גְּב֥וּל מוֹאָ֖ב אֶת עָֽר

You are this day to pass over Ar, the border of Moab:

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Deuteronomy 2:18 Septuagint · lemma form

σύ παραπορεύομαι σήμερον ὁ ὅριον μωαβ ὁ σηιρ

You shall pass over this day the borders of Moab to Aroer;

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

אַתְּ עָבֵר יוֹמָא דֵין יָת תְּחוּם מוֹאָב יָת לְחָיָת

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

אַתּוּן עָבְרִין יוֹמָא דֵין יַת תְּחוּם מוֹאָב יַת לְחָיַית

You are this day to pass the border of Moab towards Lechaiath.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Deuteronomy 2:18 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(18) Ar.—According to Conder, “Rabbath-Moab,” the present ruin Rabba, north of Merah.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

18. Thou art … to pass over). See on Deu_9:1.

Ar, the border of Moab] See on Deu_2:9. Here as there it is doubtful whether ‘Ar is to be understood as the territory of Mo’ab, their crossing of which Israel are completing this day; or the N. limit of that territory which they are about to cross. Probably the latter.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Thou art to pass over through Ar,.... That is, over the river Arnon, by the city Ar of Moab, which was situated by it; see Deu 2:9 and so Moses and the people of Israel were to pass along by that:

and by the coast of Moab; for they were not admitted to enter the land and pass through it; only to travel on the borders of it, and that they were to begin to do this day; the day the Lord spake to Moses.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Or, to pass by the border of Moab, by Ar.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Coast of Moab; the boundary of Moab, which was the river Arnon, hod. Mujeb. (Num_21:13-15 Num_22:36)

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

אתה עבר היום את גבול מואב … וקרבת מול בני עמון THOU ART TO PASS THIS DAY THE BOUNDARY OF MOAB … AND THOU WILT APPROACH OPPOSITE THE CHILDREN OF AMMON — from here we see that the land of Ammon was on the north [of Moab].

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Deuteronomy, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 8 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʻÂr (“Ar”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “Ar” (ʻÂr) shape what this verse is saying?
Numbers 21:15 shares the word «Ar» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
The verb «עֹבֵ֥ר» is Qal Participle Active. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 8 Hebrew ↔ 8 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 8 words in this verse.
7 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.