וּבְנֵ֣י אֶלְפַּ֔עַל עֵ֥בֶר וּמִשְׁעָ֖ם וָשָׁ֑מֶד ה֚וּא בָּנָ֣ה אֶת אוֹנ֔וֹ וְאֶת לֹ֖ד וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns of it;
World English Bible · Public Domain
1 Chronicles 8:12
Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 1 Chronicles 8:12 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
English Translation
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns of it;
Highlights
- 1 hapax legomenon — only here in the Hebrew Bible
- 3 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible
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Compare translations 3
The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.
Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.
Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.
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World English Bible Public Domain
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns of it;
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King James Version Public Domain
The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof:
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber and Misham and Shemed (he, he built Ono and Lod and its daughters)
unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).
Show all 18 translations
Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.
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World English Bible Public Domain
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns of it;
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Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its villages),
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Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its villages),
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King James Version Public Domain
The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof:
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American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns thereof;
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Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
And the sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns thereof:
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Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
And the sonnes of Elpaal were Eber, and Misham and Shamed (which built Ono, and Lod, and the villages thereof)
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Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
And the sons of Elphaal were Heber, and Misaam, and Samad: who built One, and Led, and its daughters.
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Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
And sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misheam, and Shamer, (he built Ono and Lod and its small towns),
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Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
And sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misheam, and Shamer (he built Ono and Lod and its small towns),
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Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
Elpaal's sons were Eber, Misham, and Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its surrounding villages).
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber and Misham and Shemed (he, he built Ono and Lod and its daughters)
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Darby Bible Public Domain
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemer, who built Ono, and Lod and its dependent villages;
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World Messianic Bible Public Domain
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with its towns;
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Webster's Bible Public Domain
The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with its town:
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Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (he built Ono and Lod with its nearby towns),
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Bible in Basic English Public Domain
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber and Misham and Shemed (he was the builder of Ono and Lod and their daughter-towns);
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JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof;
Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).
Word by word
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Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →
וּמִשְׁעָ֖ם
Mishʻâm
H4936
“and · Misham”
Conjunction + Noun, Proper
- Appears 1× in the Hebrew Bible
- First appears here
- Part of Speech
- Conjunction + Noun
- Type
- Proper
Full BDB Definition
Misham = "purification"
- a Benjamite, son of Elpaal and descendant of Shaharaim
- וּבְנֵ֣י bên H1121 “and · sons of” Conjunction + Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
- אֶלְפַּ֔עַל ʼElpaʻal H508 “Elpaal” Noun, Proper
- עֵ֥בֶר ʻÊbêr H5677 “Eber” Noun, Proper
- וּמִשְׁעָ֖ם Mishʻâm H4936 “and · Misham” Conjunction + Noun, Proper
- וָשָׁ֑מֶד Shemer H8106 “and · Shemer” Conjunction + Noun, Proper
- ה֚וּא hûwʼ H1931 “he” Pronoun, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
- בָּנָ֣ה bânâh H1129 “to build” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
- אֶת ʼêth H853 “-” Particle, Direct Object
- אוֹנ֔וֹ ʼÔwnôw H207 “Ono” Noun, Proper
- וְאֶת ʼêth H853 “and · -” Conjunction + Particle, Direct Object
- לֹ֖ד Lôd H3850 “Lod” Noun, Proper
- וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ bath H1323 “and · daughters · her” Conjunction + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
About this verse
These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →
- 12
- words
- 11
- distinct lemmas
- Historical
- section
Notable vocabulary
1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:
- וּמִשְׁעָ֖ם Misham H4936
First appearance in Scripture
These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:
Shared distinctive vocabulary
אֶלְפַּ֔עַל Elpaal H508 occurs in 3 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:
Grammatical profile
- 1 verb
- 8 nouns
- 1 pronoun
- 2 particles
Verb forms
- בָּנָ֣ה Qal · Perfect
Hebrew & Septuagint length
In English translation the verse runs 19 words from the Hebrew and 16 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.
A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.
Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.
In the original languages it is 12 Hebrew tokens and 17 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.
Cross-references
4Topical passages linked to 1 Chronicles 8:12 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.
- Ezra 2:33 The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty-five.
- Nehemiah 6:2 that Sanballat and Geshem sent to me, saying, Come, let us meet together in [one of] the villages in the plain of Ono. But they thought to do me mischief.
- Nehemiah 7:37 The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty-one.
- Nehemiah 11:35 Lod, and Ono, the valley of craftsmen.
Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).
Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint
The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.
These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.
καί υἱός αλφααλ ωβηδ μεσσααμ σεμμηρ οὗτος οἰκοδομέω ὁ ωνω καί ὁ λοδ καί ὁ κώμη αὐτός
And the sons of Alphaal; Obed, Misaal, Semmer: he built Ona, and Lod, and its towns:
LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain
Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →
Lesson kit
Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.
1 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 12 words (11 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Mishʻâm (“Misham”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.
Discussion questions
- How does “Misham” (Mishʻâm) shape what this verse is saying?
- This verse holds 1 word here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare word draw attention to?
- 3 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
- 1 Chronicles 8:11 shares the word «Elpaal» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
- The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
- The verb «בָּנָ֣ה» is Qal Perfect. How does its form color the action?
- Reading how Adam Clarke's Commentary and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?
Things to notice
- 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
- 3 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
- This verse counts 12 Hebrew ↔ 17 Greek words.
- These translations choose different wording for 6 words in this verse.
- 11 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 12 words in this verse.
Commentary
Notes on 1 Chronicles 8:12 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.
Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →
Adam Clarke's Commentary
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
John Gill's Exposition
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary
George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).
Matthew Poole's English Annotations
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
The Pulpit Commentary
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Keil & Delitzsch
C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch
Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)
unfoldingWord translationNotes
Door43 World Missions Community
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.