אֵ֫לֶּה
these
‘these’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Pronoun
- A word standing in for a noun (“he,” “this,” “who”).
Gender
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Page 4 of 4 — showing verses 601–697 of 697 distinct verses where H428 appears, across 32 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Jeremiah 60 verses
- Jeremiah 36:18 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then Baruch answered them, He pronounced all these words to me with his mouth, and I wrote them with ink in the book.
- Jeremiah 36:24 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp They were not afraid, nor tore their garments, neither the king, nor any of his servants who heard all these words.
- Jeremiah 38:4 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then the princes said to the king, Let this man, we pray you, be put to death; because he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words to them: for this man doesn't seek the welfare of this people, but the hurt.
- Jeremiah 38:9 הָ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ ptcl def.art + pron dem cp My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the dungeon; and he is likely to die in the place where he is, because of the famine; for there is no more bread in the city.
- Jeremiah 38:16 הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp So Zedekiah the king swore secretly to Jeremiah, saying, As Yahweh lives, who made us this soul, I will not put you to death, neither will I give you into the hand of these men who seek your life.
- Jeremiah 38:24 הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then said Zedekiah to Jeremiah, Let no man know of these words, and you shall not die.
- Jeremiah 38:27 הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then came all the princes to Jeremiah, and asked him; and he told them according to all these words that the king had commanded. So they left off speaking with him; for the matter was not perceived.
- Jeremiah 43:1 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp It happened that, when Jeremiah had made an end of speaking to all the people all the words of Yahweh their God, with which Yahweh their God had sent him to them, even all these words,
- Jeremiah 43:10 הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp and tell them, Thus says Yahweh of Hosts, the God of Israel: Behold, I will send and take Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will set his throne on these stones that I have hidden; and he shall spread his royal pavilion over them.
- Jeremiah 45:1 הָ/אֵ֤לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp The word that Jeremiah the prophet spoke to Baruch the son of Neriah, when he wrote these word in a book at the mouth of Jeremiah, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, saying,
- Jeremiah 49:36 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp On Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of the sky, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there shall be no nation where the outcasts of Elam shall not come.
- Jeremiah 51:19 כְ/אֵ֜לֶּה prep + pron dem cp The portion of Jacob is not like these; for he is the former of all things; and [Israel] is the tribe of his inheritance: Yahweh of Hosts is his name.
- Jeremiah 51:60 הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come on Babylon, even all these words that are written concerning Babylon.
- Jeremiah 51:61 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Jeremiah said to Seraiah, When you come to Babylon, then see that you read all these words,
- Jeremiah 52:20 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp The two pillars, the one sea, and the twelve brazen bulls that were under the bases, which king Solomon had made for the house of Yahweh. The brass of all these vessels was without weight.
- Jeremiah 52:22 וְ/כָ/אֵ֛לֶּה conj + prep + pron dem cp A capital of brass was on it; and the height of the one capital was five cubits, with network and pomegranates on the capital round about, all of brass: and the second pillar also had like these, and pomegranates.
Lamentations 2 verses
- Lamentations 1:16 אֵ֣לֶּה pron dem cp For these things I weep; my eye, my eye runs down with water; Because the comforter who should refresh my soul is far from me: My children are desolate, because the enemy has prevailed.
- Lamentations 5:17 אֵ֖לֶּה pron dem cp For this our heart is faint; For these things our eyes are dim;
Ezekiel 46 verses
- Ezekiel 4:6 אֵ֗לֶּה pron dem cp Again, when you have accomplished these, you shall lie on your right side, and shall bear the iniquity of the house of Judah: forty days, each day for a year, have I appointed it to you.
- Ezekiel 8:15 מֵ/אֵֽלֶּה prep + pron dem cp Then said he to me, Have you seen [this], son of man? you shall again see yet greater abominations than these.
- Ezekiel 9:5 וּ/לְ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ conj + prep + pron dem cp To the others he said in my hearing, Go you through the city after him, and strike: don't let your eye spare, neither have you pity;
- Ezekiel 11:2 אֵ֣לֶּה pron dem cp He said to me, Son of man, these are the men who devise iniquity, and who give wicked counsel in this city;
- Ezekiel 14:3 הָ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Son of man, these men have taken their idols into their heart, and put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their face: should I be inquired of at all by them?
- Ezekiel 14:14 הָ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ ptcl def.art + pron dem cp though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, says the Lord Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 14:16 הָ/אֵלֶּה֮ ptcl def.art + pron dem cp though these three men were in it, as I live, says the Lord Yahweh, they should deliver neither sons nor daughters; they only should be delivered, but the land should be desolate.
- Ezekiel 14:18 הָ/אֵלֶּה֮ ptcl def.art + pron dem cp though these three men were in it, as I live, says the Lord Yahweh, they should deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only should be delivered themselves.
- Ezekiel 16:5 מֵ/אֵ֖לֶּה prep + pron dem cp No eye pitied you, to do any of these things to you, to have compassion on you; but you were cast out in the open field, for that your person was abhorred, in the day that you were born.
- Ezekiel 16:30 אֵ֔לֶּה pron dem cp How weak is your heart, says the Lord Yahweh, seeing you do all these things, the work of an impudent prostitute;
- Ezekiel 16:43 אֵ֑לֶּה pron dem cp Because you have not remembered the days of your youth, but have raged against me in all these things; therefore, behold, I also will bring your way on your head, says the Lord Yahweh: and you shall not commit this lewdness with all your abominations.
- Ezekiel 17:12 אֵ֑לֶּה pron dem cp Say now to the rebellious house, Don't you know what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and took the king of it, and the princes of it, and brought them to him to Babylon:
- Ezekiel 17:15 אֵ֔לֶּה pron dem cp But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape who does such things? shall he break the covenant, and yet escape?
- Ezekiel 17:18 אֵ֥לֶּה pron dem cp For he has despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet has done all these things; he shall not escape.
- Ezekiel 18:10 מֵ/אֵֽלֶּה prep + pron dem cp If he fathers a son who is a robber, a shedder of blood, and who does any one of these things,
- Ezekiel 18:11 אֵ֖לֶּה pron dem cp and who does not any of those [duties], but even has eaten on the mountains, and defiled his neighbor's wife,
- Ezekiel 18:13 הָ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ ptcl def.art + pron dem cp has given forth on interest, and has taken increase; shall he then live? he shall not live: he has done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be on him.
- Ezekiel 23:30 אֵ֖לֶּה pron dem cp These things shall be done to you, because you have played the prostitute after the nations, and because you are polluted with their idols.
- Ezekiel 24:19 אֵ֣לֶּה pron dem cp The people said to me, Won't you tell us what these things are to us, that you do so?
- Ezekiel 33:24 הָ/אֵ֜לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Son of man, they who inhabit those waste places in the land of Israel speak, saying, Abraham was one, and he inherited the land: but we are many; the land is given us for inheritance.
- Ezekiel 36:20 אֵ֔לֶּה pron dem cp When they came to the nations, where they went, they profaned my holy name; in that men said of them, These are the people of Yahweh, and are gone forth out of his land.
- Ezekiel 37:3 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp He said to me, Son of man, can these bones live? I answered, Lord Yahweh, you know.
- Ezekiel 37:4 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Again he said to me, Prophesy over these bones, and tell them, you dry bones, hear the word of Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 37:5 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Thus says the Lord Yahweh to these bones: Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and you shall live.
- Ezekiel 37:9 הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then said he to me, Prophesy to the wind, prophesy, son of man, and tell the wind, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Come from the four winds, breath, and breathe on these slain, that they may live.
- Ezekiel 37:11 הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then he said to me, Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel: behold, they say, Our bones are dried up, and our hope is lost; we are clean cut off.
- Ezekiel 37:18 אֵ֥לֶּה pron dem cp When the children of your people shall speak to you, saying, Will you not show us what you mean by these?
- Ezekiel 40:24 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp He led me toward the south; and, behold, a gate toward the south: and he measured the posts of it and the arches of it according to these measures.
- Ezekiel 40:25 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp There were windows in it and in the arches of it round about, like those windows: the length was fifty cubits, and the breadth twenty-five cubits.
- Ezekiel 40:28 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then he brought me to the inner court by the south gate: and he measured the south gate according to these measures;
- Ezekiel 40:29 הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp and the lodges of it, and the posts of it, and the arches of it, according to these measures: and there were windows in it and in the arches of it round about; it was fifty cubits long, and twenty-five cubits broad.
- Ezekiel 40:32 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp He brought me into the inner court toward the east: and he measured the gate according to these measures;
- Ezekiel 40:33 הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp and the lodges of it, and the posts of it, and the arches of it, according to these measures: and there were windows therein and in the arches of it round about; it was fifty cubits long, and twenty-five cubits broad.
- Ezekiel 40:35 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp He brought me to the north gate: and he measured [it] according to these measures;
- Ezekiel 42:9 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp From under these chambers was the entry on the east side, as one goes into them from the outer court.
- Ezekiel 43:13 וְ/אֵ֨לֶּה conj + pron dem cp These are the measures of the altar by cubits (the cubit is a cubit and a handbreadth): the bottom shall be a cubit, and the breadth a cubit, and the border of it by the edge of it round about a span; and this shall be the base of the altar.
- Ezekiel 43:18 אֵ֚לֶּה pron dem cp He said to me, Son of man, thus says the Lord Yahweh: These are the ordinances of the altar in the day when they shall make it, to offer burnt offerings thereon, and to sprinkle blood thereon.
- Ezekiel 45:25 כָ/אֵ֖לֶּה prep + pron dem cp In the seventh [month], in the fifteenth day of the month, in the feast, shall he do the like the seven days; according to the sin-offering, according to the burnt offering, and according to the meal-offering, and according to the oil.
- Ezekiel 46:24 אֵ֚לֶּה pron dem cp Then said he to me, These are the boiling-houses, where the ministers of the house shall boil the sacrifice of the people.
- Ezekiel 47:8 הָ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then said he to me, These waters issue forth toward the eastern region, and shall go down into the Arabah; and they shall go toward the sea; into the sea [shall the waters go] which were made to issue forth; and the waters shall be healed.
- Ezekiel 47:9 הָ/אֵ֗לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp It shall happen, that every living creature which swarms, in every place where the rivers come, shall live; and there shall be a very great multitude of fish; for these waters are come there, and [the waters of the sea] shall be healed, and everything shall live wherever the river comes.
- Ezekiel 48:1 וְ/אֵ֖לֶּה conj + pron dem cp Now these are the names of the tribes: From the north end, beside the way of Hethlon to the entrance of Hamath, Hazar Enan at the border of Damascus, northward beside Hamath, (and they shall have their sides east [and] west), Dan, one [portion].
- Ezekiel 48:10 וּ֠/לְ/אֵ֜לֶּה conj + prep + pron dem cp For these, even for the priests, shall be the holy offering: toward the north twenty-five thousand [in length], and toward the west ten thousand in breadth, and toward the east ten thousand in breadth, and toward the south twenty-five thousand in length: and the sanctuary of Yahweh shall be in the midst of it.
- Ezekiel 48:16 וְ/אֵלֶּה֮ conj + pron dem cp These shall be the measures of it: the north side four thousand and five hundred, and the south side four thousand and five hundred, and on the east side four thousand and five hundred, and the west side four thousand and five hundred.
- Ezekiel 48:29 וְ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ conj + pron dem cp This is the land which you shall divide by lot to the tribes of Israel for inheritance, and these are their several portions, says the Lord Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 48:30 וְ/אֵ֖לֶּה conj + pron dem cp These are the exits of the city: On the north side four thousand and five hundred [reeds] by measure;
Daniel 8 verses
- Daniel 1:17 הָ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Now as for these four youths, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams.
- Daniel 10:15 הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp and when he had spoken to me according to these words, I set my face toward the ground, and was mute.
- Daniel 10:21 אֵ֔לֶּה pron dem cp But I will tell you that which is inscribed in the writing of truth: and there is none who holds with me against these, but Michael your prince."
- Daniel 11:4 אֵֽלֶּה pron dem cp When he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of the sky, but not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion with which he ruled; for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others besides these.
- Daniel 11:41 וְ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ conj + pron dem cp He shall enter also into the glorious land, and many [countries] shall be overthrown; but these shall be delivered out of his hand: Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon.
- Daniel 12:2 אֵ֚לֶּה וְ/אֵ֥לֶּה pron dem cp conj + pron dem cp Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.
- Daniel 12:7 אֵֽלֶּה pron dem cp I heard the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand to heaven, and swore by him who lives forever that it shall be for a time, times, and a half; and when they have made an end of breaking in pieces the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished.
- Daniel 12:8 אֵֽלֶּה pron dem cp I heard, but I didn't understand: then said I, my lord, what shall be the issue of these things?
Hosea 1 verse
Amos 1 verse
Micah 2 verses
- Micah 2:6 לָ/אֵ֔לֶּה prep + pron dem cp "Don't you prophesy!" They prophesy. "Don't prophesy about these things. Disgrace won't overtake us."
- Micah 2:7 אֵ֖לֶּה pron dem cp Shall it be said, O house of Jacob: "Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these his doings? Don't my words do good to him who walks blamelessly?"
Habakkuk 1 verse
Haggai 1 verse
Zechariah 19 verses
- Zechariah 1:9 אֵ֣לֶּה אֵֽלֶּה pron dem cp pron dem cp Then I asked, 'My lord, what are these?'" The angel who talked with me said to me, "I will show you what these are."
- Zechariah 1:10 אֵ֚לֶּה pron dem cp The man who stood among the myrtle trees answered, "They are the ones Yahweh has sent to go back and forth through the earth."
- Zechariah 1:19 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵ֤לֶּה pron dem cp pron dem cp I asked the angel who talked with me, "What are these?" He answered me, "These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem."
- Zechariah 1:21 אֵ֥לֶּה אֵ֣לֶּה אֵ֨לֶּה֙ pron dem cp pron dem cp pron dem cp Then I asked, "What are these coming to do?" He said, "These are the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man lifted up his head; but these have come to terrify them, to cast down the horns of the nations, which lifted up their horn against the land of Judah to scatter it."
- Zechariah 3:7 הָ/אֵֽלֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp "Thus says Yahweh of hosts: 'If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my charge, then you also shall judge my house, and shall also keep my courts, and I will give you a place of access among these who stand by.
- Zechariah 4:4 אֵ֖לֶּה pron dem cp I answered and spoke to the angel who talked with me, saying, "What are these, my lord?"
- Zechariah 4:5 אֵ֑לֶּה pron dem cp Then the angel who talked with me answered me, "Don't you know what these are?" I said, "No, my lord."
- Zechariah 4:10 אֵ֑לֶּה pron dem cp Indeed, who despises the day of small things? For these seven shall rejoice, and shall see the plumb line in the hand of Zerubbabel. These are the eyes of Yahweh, which run back and forth through the whole earth."
- Zechariah 4:11 הָ/אֵ֔לֶה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Then I asked him, "What are these two olive trees on the right side of the lampstand and on the left side of it?"
- Zechariah 4:13 אֵ֑לֶּה pron dem cp He answered me, "Don't you know what these are?" I said, "No, my lord."
- Zechariah 4:14 אֵ֖לֶּה pron dem cp Then he said, "These are the two anointed ones who stand by the Lord of the whole earth."
- Zechariah 6:4 אֵ֖לֶּה pron dem cp Then I asked the angel who talked with me, "What are these, my lord?"
- Zechariah 6:5 אֵ֗לֶּה pron dem cp The angel answered me, "These are the four winds of the sky, which go forth from standing before the Lord of all the earth.
- Zechariah 8:9 הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp ptcl def.art + pron dem cp Thus says Yahweh of Hosts: "Let your hands be strong, you who hear in these days these words from the mouth of the prophets who were in the day that the foundation of the house of Yahweh of Hosts was laid, even the temple, that it might be built.
- Zechariah 8:12 אֵֽלֶּה pron dem cp "For the seed of peace and the vine will yield its fruit, and the ground will give its increase, and the heavens will give their dew; and I will cause the remnant of this people to inherit all these things.
- Zechariah 8:15 הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp so again have I thought in these days to do good to Jerusalem and to the house of Judah. Don't be afraid.
- Zechariah 8:16 אֵ֥לֶּה pron dem cp These are the things that you shall do: speak every man the truth with his neighbor. Execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates,
- Zechariah 8:17 אֵ֛לֶּה pron dem cp and let none of you devise evil in your hearts against his neighbor, and love no false oath: for all these are things that I hate," says Yahweh.
- Zechariah 13:6 הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה ptcl def.art + pron dem cp One will say to him, 'What are these wounds between your arms?' Then he will answer, 'Those with which I was wounded in the house of my friends.'
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“these” is the headline sense of the Hebrew word אלה (ʼêl-leh). First canonically at Genesis 2:4, it enters the text early. It appears 697 verses across 32 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its most common vocabulary. Its meaning spans more than one sense — see its full sense range. Related forms include אל, אל and אלה. See the sense tree, 697-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H428 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 697
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 697 distinct verses.
- 32 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 32 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #68
- by frequency
- Top 100 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 68 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 697 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Genesis 78 verses 11%
- 1 Chronicles 77 verses 11%
- Numbers 71 verses 10%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 697 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 283 verses · 41%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 246 verses · 35%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 168 verses · 24%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 4 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Other 2×, Were 2×
- American Standard Version†: These 4×, Others 2×, Things 2×
- Berean Standard Bible†: These 445×, Things 34×, This 27×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: These 523×, Are 62×, Were 57×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H428 across 20† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 16 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H428 across 19† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 11 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H428 across 690† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 60 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 54 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H428 across 830† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 30 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
13 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 13 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
אלה I
- a. Gn 2:4 & often: in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the art.) Ex 9:14 (read with Hi. אֵלֶּה בְּךָ for אֶל־לִבֵּךָ) 10:1 אֹתֹתַי אֵלֶּה these my signs, 11:8 Dt 11:18 1 K 8:59; 10:8; 22:23 2 K 1:13 Je 31:21 Ezr 2:65 Ne 6:14; in the genit. 2 K 6:20 Is 47:9 Dt 18:12 ψ 15:5; and after כל Gn 14:3 + often Standing alone in a neuter sense, these things (rare in best prose, & not very common in poetry), with עָשָׂה Dt 18:12; 22:5; 25:16 2 S 23:17, 22 ψ 15:5 +; with other vbs. Ezr 9:1 Is 44:21; 47:7 Je 13:22 Ho 14:10 ψ 42:5; 50:21; 107:43 Jb 8:2; with אֶת־ Nu 15:13 Is 48:14; with כָּל־ Ju 13:23 Is 66:2 +; v. also some of the cases with preps. sub d. אלה may point indifferently to what follows, Gn 6:9; 10:1; 25:7, 12, 13 ψ 42:5; or to what has preceded, Gn 9:19; 10:20, 31, 32; 25:4 Lv 21:14; 22:22 ψ 15:5; = such as these (τοιαῦτα), ψ 73:12 Jb 18:21. e.g. Genesis 2:4
- b. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those Dt 27:12, 13 Jos 8:22 Is 49:12 (3 times) ψ 20:8 +. e.g. Deuteronomy 27:12
- c. with art. (only after a subst. determined by art. (except Gn 21:29 Jos 17:9 עָרִים הָאֵלֶּה read הֶעָרִים, cf. 17:12; 19:8, 16, 31, 48, etc. Ez 42:9)) הָאֵלֶּה Gn 15:1 +. e.g. Genesis 21:29
- d. with preps.: בְּאֵלָּה Lv 25:54; 26:23 1 K 22:11 (7 times), בָּאֵלֶּה †1 S 16:10; 17:39; לְאֵלֶּה Lv 11:24 (4 times), לָאֵלֶּה 1 K 22:17 (5 times); מֵאֵלֶּה Gn 9:19 (16 times); עַד אֵלֶּה Lv 26:18; עַל־אֵלָּה on account of these things Is 57:6; 64:11 Je 5:9 al.; כְּאֵלֶּה †Jb 16:2 Je 10:16 = 51:19, כָּאֵלֶּה †Gn 27:46 Lv 10:19 (things like these, so Is 66:8 Je 18:13) Nu 28:24 P (cf. Ez 45:25) 2 K 25:17 = Je 52:22, כְּמוֹ־אֵלֶּה †Jb 12:3. e.g. Leviticus 25:54
אלה II swear, curse (cf. I. אלה? so Thes LagOr ii. 3)
Qal
- Pf. 1 K 8:31 (= 2 Ch 6:22 all Vrss Th Bö Bä Kp reading וְאָלָה); אָלִית Ju 17:2; Inf. abs. אָלֹה Ho 4:2; אָלוֹת Ho 10:4. e.g. 1 Kings 8:31
- 1. swear, take oath before God 1 K 8:31 (= 2 Ch 6:22); in covenants Ho 4:2; 10:4 (falsely). e.g. 1 Kings 8:31
- 2. curse Ju 17:2. e.g. Judges 17:2
Hiphil
- Impf. וַיֹּ֫אֶ֗ל 1 S 14:24; Inf. לְהַאֲלֹתוֹ 1 K 8:31 = 2 Ch 6:22 adjure, put under oath. e.g. 1 Samuel 14:24
אלה III oath Gn 26
- 1. oath in testimony Lv 5:1 Nu 5:21(×2) (P) Pr 29:24; בא באלה come into an oath Ne 10:30; הביא באלה bring into an oath Ez 17:13; נשׂא אלה 1 K 8:31 (= 2 Ch 6:22). e.g. Leviticus 5:1
- 2. oath of covenant Gn 24:41(×2); 26:28 (J) Dt 29:11, 13; בזה אלה despise an oath Ez 16:59; 17:16, 18, 19. e.g. Genesis 24:41
- 3. curse (a) from God Nu 5:23 (P) Dt 29:18, 19, 20; 30:7 2 Ch 34:24 Is 24:6 Je 23:10 Dn 9:11 Zc 5:3; (b) from men Jb 31:30 ψ 10:7; 59:13. e.g. Numbers 5:23
- 4. execration in the phrase היה לאלה become an execration Nu 5:27 (P) Je 29:18; 42:18; 44:12. e.g. Numbers 5:27
אלה IV wail (Aramaic אֲלָא, ܐܶܠܴܐ ) only
Qal
- Imv. fs. אֱלִי Jo 1:8 (v. אַלְלַי). e.g. Joel 1:8
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. (أُولَى, እሉ: እላ: Rabb. אֵלּוּ, Aramaic אִלֵּין, & compd. with ܗܳܐ and ܐܰܝ in ܗܳܠܶܝܢ, ܐܰܝܠܶܝܢ ) pr.pl.m. & f. these, in usage the pl. of זֶה.
I. vb. swear, curse (cf. I. אלה? so Thes LagOr ii. 3)—
II. n.f. oath Gn 26:28 +; sf. אָלָתִי, אָלָתוֹ Gn 24:41 + (4 times); pl. אָלוֹת Dt 29:20 + (4 times)
III. vb. wail (Aramaic אֲלָא, ܐܶܠܴܐ ) only
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from אל (ʼêl) (H411) — these.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
אָלָה
- to curse, v. אלי.
אָלָה ²
- imprecation, curse. Sot. II, 5 (17ᵃ); a. fr.—Pl. אָלוֹת. Ib. a. e.
אֵלֶּה
- c. pl. (b. h.; v. preced.) these, those (cmp. הרי). Ex. R. s. 30 v’elleh (and this) adds to the preceding (continues), elleh (these) restricts. V. אֵלּוּ.
אֵלָה
- v. preced. ws.) terebinth. Shebi. VII, 5.
אלה
- Sabb. 90ᵃ Ar., v. אֵילָא 3.
אַלָּה
- Josh. XXIV, 26; v. אַלָּתָא) [pointed, prominent] e.g. Joshua 24:26
- 1. lance, fork. Kel. XVI, 8 חפוי הא׳, v. חִפּוּי. Pes. 57ᵃ אוי לי מֵאַלָּתָן woe to me (I am afraid) of their fork (weapon). Sabb. VI, 3 (63ᵃ) ed. (Ms. אלא); Y. ibid. 8ᵇ (expl. דייקרן).
- 2. sign-pole, used in the barn as a mark. Ib.; Y. Maasr. I, 49ᵃ bot.; Tosef. Ter. III, 11 משתיעקר הא׳ (ed. Zuck. משיתעשר, corr. acc.) as soon as the sign-pole (fork) is removed (indicating that the grain is ready for use and priestly gifts).
אֱלָהּ
- (= h. אֱלוֹהַּ) God. Dan. III, 28; a. fr.—Targ. O. Deut. XXXIII, 26; a. fr.—Lev. R. s. 5, end את אלה רב Ar. (ed. אלוה). Y. B. Mets. II, 8ᶜ אלההון דיהודאי the God of the Jews. Y. Snh. X, 28ᵇ.—Pl. (also plur. majest.) אֱלָהִין. Dan. II, 11; a. e.—אֱלָהַיָּא. Jer. X, 11. Targ. Ps. CXXXVI, 2 אלהי אלהיא the God of gods. [Gen. R. s. 26 כומריא גנבו א׳ וכ׳ (read אלהון) when priests rob—who would swear by their god?] Ib. (ref. to Gen. VI, 2).—Lev. R. s. 33 תמן קריין … אֱלָהַיָּיא there (in Rome) they call their kings gods. e.g. Daniel 3:28
אלי I
- to curse. Sifré Num. 18 (ref. to Num. XVIII, 21) לאלה שיהו אָלִין בה וכ׳ ‘as a curse’ means that people shall curse by her (pointing to her), ‘may happen unto thee what happened to …’. e.g. Numbers 18:21
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 78 distinct written forms H428 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Amos 6:2 | 68 |
| אֵ֖לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Ecclesiastes 7:28 | 58 |
| אֵ֣לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 1:1 | 57 |
| הָ/אֵ֑לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Daniel 10:15 | 50 |
| הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 7:17 | 50 |
| הָ/אֵֽלֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 16:12 | 41 |
| אֵ֥לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 5:3 | 28 |
| אֵ֑לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 18:12 | 26 |
| אֵ֚לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Daniel 12:2 | 25 |
| אֵ֛לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Ecclesiastes 11:9 | 24 |
| וְ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Daniel 11:41 | 22 |
| הָ/אֵ֗לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 6:6 | 21 |
| אֵֽלֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Daniel 11:4 | 18 |
| הָ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Daniel 1:17 | 18 |
| וְ/אֵ֣לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Ezra 2:1 | 15 |
| אֵ֔לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Daniel 10:21 | 14 |
| וְ/אֵ֖לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 22:17 | 14 |
| וְ/אֵ֛לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 27:13 | 14 |
| אֵ֤לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Exodus 32:4 | 13 |
| אֵ֨לֶּה֙ | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 25:3 | 13 |
| וְ/אֵ֗לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Exodus 1:1 | 13 |
| וְ/אֵ֥לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Daniel 12:2 | 12 |
| אֵ֗לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Exodus 6:25 | 11 |
| אֵ֕לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Ezra 10:44 | 10 |
| וְ/אֵ֨לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Exodus 6:16 | 9 |
| הָ/אֵ֜לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Esther 9:31 | 7 |
| אֵ֜לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 3:5 | 6 |
| הָ/אֵ֛לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 31:3 | 6 |
| אֵ֠לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 12:1 | 4 |
| מֵ/אֵ֖לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Ezekiel 16:5 | 4 |
| מֵ/אֵֽלֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Ezekiel 8:15 | 4 |
| אֵ֧לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Genesis 36:19 | 3 |
| אֵ֭לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Job 18:21 | 3 |
| אֵלֶּה֩ | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 29:1 | 3 |
| הָ/אֵ֤לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Esther 9:26 | 3 |
| הָ/אֵלֶּה֮ | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Ezekiel 14:16 | 3 |
| וְ/אֵ֤לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Chronicles 3:1 | 3 |
| לָ/אֵ֔לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Kings 22:17 | 3 |
| אֵ֨לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Exodus 11:8 | 2 |
| בְּ/אֵ֛לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Kings 22:11 | 2 |
| הָ/אֵ֡לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Deuteronomy 5:22 | 2 |
| הָ֠/אֵלֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Esther 9:28 | 2 |
| וְ/כָ/אֵ֛לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 2 Kings 25:17 | 2 |
| וְ֠/אֵלֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Genesis 36:40 | 2 |
| וּ/מֵ/אֵ֖לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Genesis 9:19 | 2 |
| כְ/אֵ֜לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Jeremiah 10:16 | 2 |
| כָּ/אֵ֑לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Jeremiah 18:13 | 2 |
| מֵ/אֵ֑לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Ecclesiastes 7:10 | 2 |
| מֵ/אֵ֗לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Chronicles 2:53 | 2 |
| אֵ֣לֶּ֣ה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Genesis 36:13 | 1 |
| אֵ֦לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Kings 20:29 | 1 |
| בְ/אֵ֥לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Jeremiah 9:24 | 1 |
| בְּ/אֵ֑לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Leviticus 25:54 | 1 |
| בְּ/אֵ֔לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Leviticus 26:23 | 1 |
| בְּ/אֵ֨לֶּה֙ | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Chronicles 7:29 | 1 |
| בָּ/אֵ֖לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Samuel 17:39 | 1 |
| בָּ/אֵֽלֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Samuel 16:10 | 1 |
| ה/אהל | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | 1 Kings 7:45 | 1 |
| הָ/אֵ֔לֶה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Zechariah 4:11 | 1 |
| הָ/אֵ֧לֶּה | Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural | Joshua 4:7 | 1 |
The 60 most common forms are shown; 18 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H428, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 661 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 697 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 2:4
- Exodus 1:1
- Leviticus 2:8
- Numbers 1:5
- Deuteronomy 1:1
- Joshua 4:6
- Judges 2:4
- Ruth 3:17
- 1 Samuel 2:23
- 2 Samuel 2:13
- 1 Kings 4:2
- 2 Kings 1:7
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
