צָפוֹן
north
‘north’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 145 times (95%)
- Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 8 times (5%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 153 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H6828 appears — 141 distinct verses across 24 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 2 verses
- Genesis 13:14 צָפֹ֥נָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem Yahweh said to Abram, after Lot was separated from him, "Now, lift up your eyes, and look from the place where you are, northward and southward and eastward and westward,
- Genesis 28:14 וְ/צָפֹ֣נָ/ה conj + n c fs + sfx dem Your seed will be as the dust of the earth, and you will spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south. In you and in your seed will all the families of the earth be blessed.
Exodus 6 verses
- Exodus 26:20 צָפ֑וֹן n c fs For the second side of the tent, on the north side, twenty boards,
- Exodus 26:35 צָפֽוֹן n c fs You shall set the table outside the veil, and the lampstand over against the table on the side of the tent toward the south: and you shall put the table on the north side.
- Exodus 27:11 צָפוֹן֙ n c fs Likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings one hundred cubits long, and the pillars of it twenty, and their sockets twenty, of brass; the hooks of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver.
- Exodus 36:25 צָפ֑וֹן n c fs For the second side of the tent, on the north side, he made twenty boards,
- Exodus 38:11 צָפוֹן֙ n c fs For the north side one hundred cubits, their pillars twenty, and their sockets twenty, of brass; the hooks of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver.
- Exodus 40:22 צָפֹ֑נָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem He put the table in the tent of meeting, on the side of the tent northward, outside of the veil.
Leviticus 1 verse
Numbers 5 verses
- Numbers 2:25 צָפֹ֖נָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem "On the north side shall be the standard of the camp of Dan according to their divisions: and the prince of the children of Dan shall be Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
- Numbers 3:35 צָפֹֽנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem The prince of the fathers' house of the families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail. They shall encamp on the north side of the tabernacle.
- Numbers 34:7 צָפ֑וֹן n c fs This shall be your north border: from the great sea you shall mark out for you Mount Hor;
- Numbers 34:9 צָפֽוֹן n c fs and the border shall go forth to Ziphron, and the goings out of it shall be at Hazar Enan: this shall be your north border.
- Numbers 35:5 צָפ֛וֹן n c fs You shall measure outside of the city for the east side two thousand cubits, and for the south side two thousand cubits, and for the west side two thousand cubits, and for the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the midst. This shall be to them the suburbs of the cities.
Deuteronomy 2 verses
- Deuteronomy 2:3 צָפֹֽנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem You have compassed this mountain long enough: turn you northward.
- Deuteronomy 3:27 וְ/צָפֹ֛נָ/ה conj + n c fs + sfx dem Go up to the top of Pisgah, and lift up your eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and see with your eyes: for you shall not go over this Jordan.
Joshua 22 verses
- Joshua 8:11 מִ/צְּפ֣וֹן prep + n c fs cs All the people, [even] the [men of] war who were with him, went up, and drew near, and came before the city, and encamped on the north side of Ai: now there was a valley between him and Ai.
- Joshua 8:13 מִ/צְּפ֣וֹן prep + n c fs cs So they set the people, even all the host who was on the north of the city, and their liers-in-wait who were on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley.
- Joshua 11:2 מִ/צְּפ֗וֹן prep + n c fs cs and to the kings who were on the north, in the hill-country, and in the Arabah south of Chinneroth, and in the lowland, and in the heights of Dor on the west,
- Joshua 13:3 צָפ֔וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem from the Shihor, which is before Egypt, even to the border of Ekron northward, [which] is reckoned to the Canaanites; the five lords of the Philistines; the Gazites, and the Ashdodites, the Ashkelonites, the Gittites, and the Ekronites; also the Avvim,
- Joshua 15:5 צָפ֨וֹנָ/ה֙ n c fs + sfx dem The east border was the Salt Sea, even to the end of the Jordan. The border of the north quarter was from the bay of the sea at the end of the Jordan;
- Joshua 15:6 מִ/צְּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs cs and the border went up to Beth Hoglah, and passed along by the north of Beth Arabah; and the border went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben;
- Joshua 15:7 וְ/צָפ֜וֹנָ/ה conj + n c fs + sfx dem and the border went up to Debir from the valley of Achor, and so northward, looking toward Gilgal, that is over against the ascent of Adummim, which is on the south side of the river; and the border passed along to the waters of En Shemesh, and the goings out of it were at En Rogel;
- Joshua 15:8 צָפֹֽנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem and the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom to the side of the Jebusite southward (the same is Jerusalem); and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lies before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the uttermost part of the valley of Rephaim northward;
- Joshua 15:10 מִ/צָּפ֖וֹנָ/ה prep + n c fs + sfx dem and the border turned about from Baalah westward to Mount Seir, and passed along to the side of Mount Jearim on the north (the same is Chesalon), and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed along by Timnah;
- Joshua 15:11 צָפוֹנָ/ה֒ n c fs + sfx dem and the border went out to the side of Ekron northward; and the border extended to Shikkeron, and passed along to Mount Baalah, and went out at Jabneel; and the goings out of the border were at the sea.
- Joshua 16:6 מִ/צָּפ֔וֹן prep + n c fs and the border went out westward at Michmethath on the north; and the border turned about eastward to Taanath Shiloh, and passed along it on the east of Janoah;
- Joshua 17:9 מִ/צְּפ֣וֹן prep + n c fs cs The border went down to the brook of Kanah, southward of the brook: these cities belonged to Ephraim among the cities of Manasseh: and the border of Manasseh was on the north side of the brook, and the goings out of it were at the sea:
- Joshua 17:10 וְ/צָפ֨וֹנָ/ה֙ מִ/צָּפ֔וֹן conj + n c fs + sfx dem prep + n c fs southward it was Ephraim's, and northward it was Manasseh's, and the sea was his border; and they reached to Asher on the north, and to Issachar on the east.
- Joshua 18:5 מִ/צָּפֽוֹן prep + n c fs They shall divide it into seven portions: Judah shall abide in his border on the south, and the house of Joseph shall abide in their border on the north.
- Joshua 18:12 צָפ֖וֹנָ/ה מִ/צָּפ֗וֹן n c fs + sfx dem prep + n c fs Their border on the north quarter was from the Jordan; and the border went up to the side of Jericho on the north, and went up through the hill-country westward; and the goings out of it were at the wilderness of Beth Aven.
- Joshua 18:16 צָפ֑וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem and the border went down to the uttermost part of the mountain that lies before the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is in the valley of Rephaim northward; and it went down to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of the Jebusite southward, and went down to En Rogel;
- Joshua 18:17 מִ/צָּפ֗וֹן prep + n c fs and it extended northward, and went out at En Shemesh, and went out to Geliloth, which is over against the ascent of Adummim; and it went down to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben;
- Joshua 18:18 צָפ֑וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem and it passed along to the side over against the Arabah northward, and went down to the Arabah;
- Joshua 18:19 צָפוֹנָ/ה֒ צָפ֔וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem n c fs + sfx dem and the border passed along to the side of Beth Hoglah northward; and the goings out of the border were at the north bay of the Salt Sea, at the south end of the Jordan: this was the south border.
- Joshua 19:14 מִ/צְּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs cs and the border turned about it on the north to Hannathon; and the goings out of it were at the valley of Iphtah El;
- Joshua 19:27 צָפ֛וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem and it turned toward the sunrise to Beth Dagon, and reached to Zebulun, and to the valley of Iphtah El northward to Beth Emek and Neiel; and it went out to Cabul on the left hand,
- Joshua 24:30 מִ/צְּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs cs They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnathserah, which is in the hill-country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.
Judges 4 verses
- Judges 2:9 מִ/צְּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs cs They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath Heres, in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.
- Judges 7:1 מִ/צָּפ֔וֹן prep + n c fs Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people who were with him, rose up early, and encamped beside the spring of Harod: and the camp of Midian was on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley.
- Judges 12:1 צָפ֑וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem The men of Ephraim were gathered together, and passed northward; and they said to Jephthah, Why did you pass over to fight against the children of Ammon, and didn't call us to go with you? we will burn your house on you with fire.
- Judges 21:19 מִ/צְּפ֤וֹנָ/ה prep + n c fs + sfx dem They said, Behold, there is a feast of Yahweh from year to year in Shiloh, which is on the north of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.
1 Samuel 1 verse
1 Kings 1 verse
2 Kings 1 verse
1 Chronicles 3 verses
- 1 Chronicles 9:24 צָפ֥וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem On the four sides were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south.
- 1 Chronicles 26:14 צָפֽוֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem The lot eastward fell to Shelemiah. Then for Zechariah his son, a wise counselor, they cast lots; and his lot came out northward.
- 1 Chronicles 26:17 לַ/צָּפ֤וֹנָ/ה prep det + n c fs + sfx dem Eastward were six Levites, northward four a day, southward four a day, and for the store-house two and two.
2 Chronicles 1 verse
Job 2 verses
Psalms 3 verses
- Psalms 48:2 צָפ֑וֹן n c fs Beautiful in elevation, the joy of the whole earth, Is Mount Zion, on the north sides, The city of the great King.
- Psalms 89:12 צָפ֣וֹן n c fs The north and the south, you have created them. Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name.
- Psalms 107:3 מִ/צָּפ֥וֹן prep + n c fs And gathered out of the lands, From the east and from the west, From the north and from the south.
Proverbs 1 verse
Ecclesiastes 2 verses
- Ecclesiastes 1:6 צָפ֑וֹן n c fs The wind goes toward the south, and turns around to the north. It turns around continually as it goes, and the wind returns again to its courses.
- Ecclesiastes 11:3 בַּ/צָּפ֑וֹן prep det + n c fs If the clouds are full of rain, they empty themselves on the earth; And if a tree falls toward the south, or toward the north, In the place where the tree falls, there shall it be.
Song of Solomon 1 verse
Isaiah 5 verses
- Isaiah 14:13 צָפֽוֹן n c fs You said in your heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God; and I will sit on the mountain of congregation, in the uttermost parts of the north;
- Isaiah 14:31 מִ/צָּפוֹן֙ prep + n c fs Howl, gate; cry, city; you are melted away, Philistia, all of you; for there comes a smoke out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks.
- Isaiah 41:25 מִ/צָּפוֹן֙ prep + n c fs I have raised up one from the north, and he has come; from the rising of the sun one who calls on my name: and he shall come on rulers as on mortar, and as the potter treads clay.
- Isaiah 43:6 לַ/צָּפוֹן֙ prep det + n c fs I will tell the north, Give up; and to the south, Don't keep back; bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the end of the earth;
- Isaiah 49:12 מִ/צָּפ֣וֹן prep + n c fs Behold, these shall come from far; and, behold, these from the north and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim.
Jeremiah 25 verses
- Jeremiah 1:13 צָפֽוֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem The word of Yahweh came to me the second time, saying, What see you? I said, I see a boiling caldron; and the face of it is from the north.
- Jeremiah 1:14 מִ/צָּפוֹן֙ prep + n c fs Then Yahweh said to me, Out of the north evil shall break forth on all the inhabitants of the land.
- Jeremiah 1:15 צָפ֖וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem For, behold, I will call all the families of the kingdoms of the north, says Yahweh; and they shall come, and they shall set everyone his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem, and against all the walls of it round about, and against all the cities of Judah.
- Jeremiah 3:12 צָפ֗וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem Go, and proclaim these words toward the north, and say, Return, you backsliding Israel, says Yahweh; I will not look in anger on you; for I am merciful, says Yahweh, I will not keep [anger] forever.
- Jeremiah 3:18 צָפ֔וֹן n c fs In those days the house of Judah shall walk with the house of Israel, and they shall come together out of the land of the north to the land that I gave for an inheritance to your fathers.
- Jeremiah 4:6 מִ/צָּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs Set up a standard toward Zion: flee for safety, don't stay; for I will bring evil from the north, and a great destruction.
- Jeremiah 6:1 מִ/צָּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs Flee for safety, you children of Benjamin, out of the midst of Jerusalem, and blow the trumpet in Tekoa, and raise up a signal on Beth Haccherem; for evil looks forth from the north, and a great destruction.
- Jeremiah 6:22 צָפ֑וֹן n c fs Thus says Yahweh, Behold, a people comes from the north country; and a great nation shall be stirred up from the uttermost parts of the earth.
- Jeremiah 10:22 צָפ֑וֹן n c fs The voice of news, behold, it comes, and a great commotion out of the north country, to make the cities of Judah a desolation, a dwelling-place of jackals.
- Jeremiah 13:20 מִ/צָּפ֑וֹן prep + n c fs Lift up your eyes, and see those who come from the north: where is the flock that was given you, your beautiful flock?
- Jeremiah 15:12 מִ/צָּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs Can one break iron, even iron from the north, and brass?
- Jeremiah 16:15 צָפ֔וֹן n c fs but, As Yahweh lives, who brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the countries where he had driven them. I will bring them again into their land that I gave to their fathers.
- Jeremiah 23:8 צָפ֔וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem but, As Yahweh lives, who brought up and who led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all the countries where I had driven them. They shall dwell in their own land.
- Jeremiah 25:9 צָפ֜וֹן n c fs behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, says Yahweh, and [I will send] to Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants of it, and against all these nations round about; and I will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and a hissing, and perpetual desolations.
- Jeremiah 25:26 הַ/צָּפ֗וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs and all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world, which are on the surface of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.
- Jeremiah 31:8 צָפ֗וֹן n c fs Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the uttermost parts of the earth, [and] with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her who travails with child together: a great company shall they return here.
- Jeremiah 46:6 צָפ֨וֹנָ/ה֙ n c fs + sfx dem Don't let the swift flee away, nor the mighty man escape; in the north by the river Euphrates have they stumbled and fallen.
- Jeremiah 46:10 צָפ֖וֹן n c fs For that day is [a day] of the Lord, Yahweh of Hosts, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge him of his adversaries: and the sword shall devour and be satiate, and shall drink its fill of their blood; for the Lord, Yahweh of hosts, has a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates.
- Jeremiah 46:20 מִ/צָּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs Egypt is a very beautiful heifer; [but] destruction out of the north is come, it is come.
- Jeremiah 46:24 צָפֽוֹן n c fs The daughter of Egypt shall be disappointed; she shall be delivered into the hand of the people of the north.
- Jeremiah 47:2 מִ/צָּפוֹן֙ prep + n c fs Thus says Yahweh: Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall become an overflowing stream, and shall overflow the land and all that is therein, the city and those who dwell therein; and the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall wail.
- Jeremiah 50:3 מִ/צָּפ֗וֹן prep + n c fs For out of the north there comes up a nation against her, which shall make her land desolate, and none shall dwell therein: they are fled, they are gone, both man and animal.
- Jeremiah 50:9 צָפ֔וֹן n c fs For, behold, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from there she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain.
- Jeremiah 50:41 מִ/צָּפ֑וֹן prep + n c fs Behold, a people comes from the north; and a great nation and many kings shall be stirred up from the uttermost parts of the earth.
- Jeremiah 51:48 מִ/צָּפ֛וֹן prep + n c fs Then the heavens and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing for joy over Babylon; for the destroyers shall come to her from the north, says Yahweh.
Ezekiel 38 verses
- Ezekiel 1:4 הַ/צָּפ֗וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs I looked, and, behold, a stormy wind came out of the north, a great cloud, with flashing lightning, and a brightness round about it, and out of the midst of it as it were glowing metal, out of the midst of the fire.
- Ezekiel 8:3 צָפ֔וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem He put forth the form of a hand, and took me by a lock of my head; and the Spirit lifted me up between earth and the sky, and brought me in the visions of God to Jerusalem, to the door of the gate of the inner [court] that looks toward the north; where was the seat of the image of jealousy, which provokes to jealousy.
- Ezekiel 8:5 צָפ֑וֹנָ/ה צָפ֔וֹנָ/ה מִ/צָּפוֹן֙ n c fs + sfx dem n c fs + sfx dem prep + n c fs Then said he to me, Son of man, lift up your eyes now the way toward the north. So I lifted up my eyes the way toward the north, and see, northward of the gate of the altar this image of jealousy in the entry.
- Ezekiel 8:14 הַ/צָּפ֑וֹנָ/ה ptcl def.art + n c fs + sfx dem Then he brought me to the door of the gate of Yahweh's house which was toward the north; and see, there sat the women weeping for Tammuz.
- Ezekiel 9:2 צָפ֗וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem Behold, six men came from the way of the upper gate, which lies toward the north, every man with his slaughter weapon in his hand; and one man in the midst of them clothed in linen, with a writer's inkhorn by his side. They went in, and stood beside the brazen altar.
- Ezekiel 20:47 צָפֽוֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem and tell the forest of the South, Hear the word of Yahweh: Thus says the Lord Yahweh, Behold, I will kindle a fire in you, and it shall devour every green tree in you, and every dry tree: the flaming flame shall not be quenched, and all faces from the south to the north shall be burnt thereby.
- Ezekiel 21:4 צָפֽוֹן n c fs Seeing then that I will cut off from you the righteous and the wicked, therefore shall my sword go forth out of its sheath against all flesh from the south to the north:
- Ezekiel 26:7 מִ/צָּפ֖וֹן prep + n c fs For thus says the Lord Yahweh: Behold, I will bring on Tyre Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, king of kings, from the north, with horses, and with chariots, and with horsemen, and a company, and much people.
- Ezekiel 32:30 צָפ֛וֹן n c fs There are the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Sidonians, who are gone down with the slain; in the terror which they caused by their might they are put to shame; and they lie uncircumcised with those who are slain by the sword, and bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.
- Ezekiel 38:6 צָפ֖וֹן n c fs Gomer, and all his hordes; the house of Togarmah in the uttermost parts of the north, and all his hordes; even many peoples with you.
- Ezekiel 38:15 צָפ֔וֹן n c fs You shall come from your place out of the uttermost parts of the north, you, and many peoples with you, all of them riding on horses, a great company and a mighty army;
- Ezekiel 39:2 צָפ֑וֹן n c fs and I will turn you about, and will lead you on, and will cause you to come up from the uttermost parts of the north; and I will bring you on the mountains of Israel;
- Ezekiel 40:19 וְ/הַ/צָּפֽוֹן conj + ptcl def.art + n c fs Then he measured the breadth from the forefront of the lower gate to the forefront of the inner court outside, one hundred cubits, [both] on the east and on the north.
- Ezekiel 40:20 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs The gate of the outer court whose prospect is toward the north, he measured the length of it and the breadth of it.
- Ezekiel 40:23 לַ/צָּפ֖וֹן prep det + n c fs There was a gate to the inner court over against the [other] gate, [both] on the north and on the east; and he measured from gate to gate one hundred cubits.
- Ezekiel 40:35 הַ/צָּפ֑וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs He brought me to the north gate: and he measured [it] according to these measures;
- Ezekiel 40:40 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹנָ/ה ptcl def.art + n c fs + sfx dem On the [one] side outside, as one goes up to the entry of the gate toward the north, were two tables; and on the other side, which belonged to the porch of the gate, were two tables.
- Ezekiel 40:44 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן הַ/צָּפֹֽן ptcl def.art + n c fs ptcl def.art + n c fs Outside of the inner gate were chambers for the singers in the inner court, which was at the side of the north gate; and their prospect was toward the south; one at the side of the east gate having the prospect toward the north.
- Ezekiel 40:46 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs and the chamber whose prospect is toward the north is for the priests, the keepers of the charge of the altar: these are the sons of Zadok, who from among the sons of Levi come near to Yahweh to minister to him.
- Ezekiel 41:11 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs The doors of the side-chambers were toward [the place] that was left, one door toward the north, and another door toward the south: and the breadth of the place that was left was five cubits round about.
- Ezekiel 42:1 הַ/צָּפ֑וֹן הַ/צָּפֽוֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs ptcl def.art + n c fs Then he brought me forth into the outer court, the way toward the north: and he brought me into the chamber that was over against the separate place, and which was over against the building toward the north.
- Ezekiel 42:2 הַ/צָּפ֑וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs Before the length of one hundred cubits was the north door, and the breadth was fifty cubits.
- Ezekiel 42:4 לַ/צָּפֽוֹן prep det + n c fs Before the chambers was a walk of ten cubits' breadth inward, a way of one cubit; and their doors were toward the north.
- Ezekiel 42:11 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs The way before them was like the appearance of [the way of] the chambers which were toward the north; according to their length so was their breadth: and all their exits were both according to their fashions, and according to their doors.
- Ezekiel 42:13 הַ/צָּפ֜וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs Then said he to me, The north chambers and the south chambers, which are before the separate place, they are the holy chambers, where the priests who are near to Yahweh shall eat the most holy things: there shall they lay the most holy things, and the meal-offering, and the sin-offering, and the trespass-offering; for the place is holy.
- Ezekiel 42:17 הַ/צָּפ֑וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs He measured on the north side five hundred reeds with the measuring reed round about.
- Ezekiel 44:4 הַ/צָּפוֹן֮ ptcl def.art + n c fs Then he brought me by the way of the north gate before the house; and I looked, and, behold, the glory of Yahweh filled the house of Yahweh: and I fell on my face.
- Ezekiel 46:9 צָפ֜וֹן צָפ֑וֹנָ/ה n c fs n c fs + sfx dem But when the people of the land shall come before Yahweh in the appointed feasts, he who enters by the way of the north gate to worship shall go forth by the way of the south gate; and he who enters by the way of the south gate shall go forth by the way of the north gate: he shall not return by the way of the gate by which he came in, but shall go forth straight before him.
- Ezekiel 46:19 צָפ֑וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem Then he brought me through the entry, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers for the priests, which looked toward the north: and, behold, there was a place on the hinder part westward.
- Ezekiel 47:2 צָפוֹנָ/ה֒ n c fs + sfx dem Then he brought me out by the way of the gate northward, and led me round by the way outside to the outer gate, by the way of [the gate] that looks toward the east; and, behold, there ran out waters on the right side.
- Ezekiel 47:15 צָפ֜וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem This shall be the border of the land: On the north side, from the great sea, by the way of Hethlon, to the entrance of Zedad;
- Ezekiel 47:17 וְ/צָפ֥וֹן צָפ֖וֹנָ/ה צָפֽוֹן conj + n c fs n c fs + sfx dem n c fs The border from the sea, shall be Hazar Enon at the border of Damascus; and on the north northward is the border of Hamath. This is the north side.
- Ezekiel 48:1 צָפ֡וֹנָ/ה צָפ֨וֹנָ/ה֙ n c fs + sfx dem n c fs + sfx dem Now these are the names of the tribes: From the north end, beside the way of Hethlon to the entrance of Hamath, Hazar Enan at the border of Damascus, northward beside Hamath, (and they shall have their sides east [and] west), Dan, one [portion].
- Ezekiel 48:10 צָפ֜וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem For these, even for the priests, shall be the holy offering: toward the north twenty-five thousand [in length], and toward the west ten thousand in breadth, and toward the east ten thousand in breadth, and toward the south twenty-five thousand in length: and the sanctuary of Yahweh shall be in the midst of it.
- Ezekiel 48:16 צָפ֗וֹן n c fs These shall be the measures of it: the north side four thousand and five hundred, and the south side four thousand and five hundred, and on the east side four thousand and five hundred, and the west side four thousand and five hundred.
- Ezekiel 48:17 צָפ֨וֹנָ/ה֙ n c fs + sfx dem The city shall have suburbs: toward the north two hundred fifty, and toward the south two hundred fifty, and toward the east two hundred fifty, and toward the west two hundred fifty.
- Ezekiel 48:30 צָפ֔וֹן n c fs These are the exits of the city: On the north side four thousand and five hundred [reeds] by measure;
- Ezekiel 48:31 צָפ֑וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem and the gates of the city shall be after the names of the tribes of Israel, three gates northward: the gate of Reuben, one; the gate of Judah, one; the gate of Levi, one.
Daniel 9 verses
- Daniel 8:4 וְ/צָפ֜וֹנָ/ה conj + n c fs + sfx dem I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no animals could stand before him, neither was there any who could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself.
- Daniel 11:6 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs At the end of years they shall join themselves together; and the daughter of the king of the south shall come to the king of the north to make an agreement: but she shall not retain the strength of her arm; neither shall he stand, nor his arm; but she shall be given up, and those who brought her, and he who became the father of her, and he who strengthened her in those times.
- Daniel 11:7 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs But out of a shoot from her roots shall one stand up in his place, who shall come to the army, and shall enter into the fortress of the king of the north, and shall deal against them, and shall prevail.
- Daniel 11:8 הַ/צָּפֽוֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs Also their gods, with their molten images, [and] with their goodly vessels of silver and of gold, shall he carry captive into Egypt; and he shall refrain some years from the king of the north.
- Daniel 11:11 הַ/צָּפ֑וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs The king of the south shall be moved with anger, and shall come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north; and he shall set forth a great multitude, and the multitude shall be given into his hand.
- Daniel 11:13 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs The king of the north shall return, and shall set forth a multitude greater than the former; and he shall come on at the end of the times, [even of] years, with a great army and with much substance.
- Daniel 11:15 הַ/צָּפ֔וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs So the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mound, and take a well-fortified city: and the forces of the south shall not stand, neither his chosen people, neither shall there be any strength to stand.
- Daniel 11:40 הַ/צָּפ֗וֹן ptcl def.art + n c fs At the time of the end shall the king of the south contend with him; and the king of the north shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass through.
- Daniel 11:44 וּ/מִ/צָּפ֑וֹן conj + prep + n c fs But news out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him; and he shall go forth with great fury to destroy and utterly to sweep away many.
Amos 1 verse
Zephaniah 1 verse
Zechariah 4 verses
- Zechariah 2:6 צָפ֖וֹן n c fs Come! Come! Flee from the land of the north,' says Yahweh; 'for I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the sky,' says Yahweh.
- Zechariah 6:6 צָפ֔וֹן n c fs The one with the black horses goes out toward the north country; and the white went out after them; and the dappled went forth toward the south country."
- Zechariah 6:8 צָפ֔וֹן צָפֽוֹן n c fs n c fs Then he called to me, and spoke to me, saying, "Behold, those who go toward the north country have quieted my spirit in the north country."
- Zechariah 14:4 צָפ֖וֹנָ/ה n c fs + sfx dem His feet will stand in that day on the Mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east; and the Mount of Olives will be split in two, from east to west, making a very great valley. Half of the mountain will move toward the north, and half of it toward the south.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, צפון (tsâphôwn) means “north.” Scripture first uses it in Genesis 13:14. It turns up in 141 verses across 24 books, a common footprint. The word gravitates to Ezekiel (27%), then Jeremiah and Joshua. Catalogued under 3 senses, its meaning is not single-sense. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H6828 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 141
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 141 distinct verses.
- 24 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 24 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #294
- by frequency
- Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 294 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 141 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 141 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 103 verses · 73%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 22 verses · 16%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 16 verses · 11%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: North 82×, Northward 21×, Toward the north 16×
- American Standard Version†: North 82×, Northward 21×, Toward the north 15×
- Berean Standard Bible†: North 121×, Northern 12×, North side 6×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: North 87×, Northward 21×, Northern 7×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H6828 across 153† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 26 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H6828 across 153† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 27 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H6828 across 153† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 9 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H6828 across 146† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 22 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 3 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- north (of direction), northward
- north
- northward
Word origin
I. n.f. Is 43:6 north (as the hidden, dark; cf. Thes LewyFremdw. 188 f.; perhaps Ph. צפל north);—abs. צ׳ Je 25:26 +, צָפֹ֫נָה northward Gn 13:14 +, oftener צָפ֫וֹנָה Je 3:12 +, also צָפ֫וֹנָה = צָפוֹן Je 1:13 + (after preps. and st. cstr.; cf. Ges§ 90 e); cstr. מִצְּפוֹן לְ Jos 8:11 +, also מִצְּפוֹן 19:14 Gi (cf. Benn; van d. H. Baer מִצָּ׳), מִצְּפ֫וֹנָה לְ Ju 21:19; (צ׳ occurs oftenest in Ez [46 times], Jos [25 times], Je [25 times], Dn [9 times]);—north (opp. S., E., W.) Gn 13:14; 28:14 (both J), Ex 27:11 (P), +; פְּאַת צ׳ north side Ex 26:20 Jos 15:5 + (v. פֵּאָה); so צֶלַע צ׳ Ex 26:35, רוּחַ הַצּ׳ Ez 42:17, cf. עַל־יֶרֶךְ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ צָפ֫וֹנָה 2 K 16:14; גְּבוּל צ׳ Nu 34:7, 9 north boundary; יַרְכְּתֵי צ׳ remote parts of north Is 14:13 (as divine abode), Ez 38:6, 15 + (v. [יַרְכָה]); שַׁעַר הַצּ׳ Ez 40:35 +, פֶּתַח צ׳ 42:2; רוּחַ צ׳ Pr 25:23 north wind, and so צ׳ alone Ct 4:16; toward the north is צָפ֫וֹנָה Jos 13:3 + (v. also supr.), and אֶל־צָפוֹן Ec 1:6, אֶל־הַצּ׳ Ez 42:1, אֶל־הַצָּפ֫וֹנָה 8:14, לַצָּפוֹן 40:23, דֶּרֶךְ הַצָּפוֹן v 20, ד׳ צָפ֫וֹנָה 8:5(×2) +, etc.; especially (in Je Ez etc.) of quarter whence invaders were to come, e.g. Assyrian Is 14:31, cf. Zp 2:13, Babylonians Je 6:1, 22; 15:12; 46:20, 24 (עַם־צ׳), 47:2, Ez 26:7, Cyrus against Bab. Is 41:25, cf. Je 50:3, 9, 41; 51:48; more vaguely, Je 1:14, 15 (מַמְלְכוֹת צ׳), 4:6; 10:22; 13:20; 25:9, 26 (מַלְכֵי הַצּ׳); of Gog’s host Ez 38:6, 15; 39:2; נְסִיכֵי צ׳ 32:30 (appar. of nearer [Aramæan?] princes); אֶרֶץ צ׳ Je 31:8 is region of Carchemish, but Zc 2:10; 6:6, 8(×2) of Babylon; מֵאֶרֶץ צ׳ (sometimes + other countries) the exiles and dispersed are to return Je 3:18; 16:15 = 23:8; 31:8, cf. Is 43:6; 49:12; מֶלֶךְ הַצּ׳ Dn 11:6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 40 denotes successive Seleucidae.
II. n.pr.loc. on E. bank of Jordan, in tribe of Gad, צ׳ Jos 13:27 (Σαφαν[ων]), צָפ֫וֹנָה Ju 12:1 (βοῤῥᾶν, 𝔊L Σεφηνα); according to Talm. = mod. Amateh, N. of Jabbok, GFM BuhlGeogr. 259 (who doubts); Ṣapuna appears TelAm WklNo. 174.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from צפן (tsâphan) (H6845) — to hide.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
צָפוֹן I
- (adapt. of sapo, as if fr. צוּף; v. Sm. Ant. Engl. ed.3, s. vv. Sapo a. Fullo) [foam,] soap, detergent. Nidd. 62ᵃ העביר עליו צ׳ ועבר (Ar. ספון) if he rubbed soap over the suspected blood-stain, and it disappeared. Ib. צ׳ צבע נמי מעבר but will not soap also remove red dye? B. Kam. 93ᵇ הואיל ויכול להעבירו ע"י צ׳ because he can remove it with soap. Ib. 101ᵃ במאי שקיל להו בצ׳ צ׳ וכ׳ Ms. R. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300) wherewith shall he take the dye off? With soap? Soap will remove the dye, but will not restore the natural color. Tosef. Nidd. VIII, 11 שאילו העביר עליו צ׳ וכ׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. סָאפוֹן, סאפן) if he had rubbed soap over it at the start, it might have passed away.—Denom. הִצְפִּין to soap. Ib. הצפינן ועבר עליו ed. Zuck. (read הִצְפִּינוֹ, and strike out עליו) if he soaped the stain, and it passed away (oth. ed. סאפון ועבר, sub. העביר עליו, v. supra).
צָפוֹן II
- (b. h.) [brightness, cmp. אִסְתָּן,] north. Erub. 38ᵃ, sq. Gen. R. s. 1, beg. צְפוֹנוֹ (של רקיע) the northern portion of the sky; a. v. fr.—Denom. צְפוֹנִי; f. צְפוֹנִית. Y. Peah III, 17ᵈ חצייה צ׳ its northern half. Zeb. V, 3; a. fr.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 62 distinct written forms H6828 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 2 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H6828, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 7 — not the complete family. 2 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 133 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 141 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 13:14
- Exodus 26:20
- Leviticus 1:11
- Numbers 2:25
- Deuteronomy 2:3
- Joshua 8:11
- Judges 2:9
- 1 Samuel 14:5
- 1 Kings 7:25
- 2 Kings 16:14
- 1 Chronicles 9:24
- 2 Chronicles 4:4
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
