שָׁנָה
year
‘year’ is one of 5 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Adjective
- A word that describes or qualifies a noun.
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”).
Form
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Dual
- Exactly two — for natural pairs and some measures of time.
95 verses where H8141 appears in the Absolute state in the Book of Genesis. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis
- Genesis 1:14 וְ/שָׁנִֽים conj + n c fp God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of sky to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years;
- Genesis 5:3 שָׁנָ֔ה n c fs Adam lived one hundred thirty years, and became the father of a son in his own likeness, after his image, and named him Seth.
- Genesis 5:4 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs The days of Adam after he became the father of Seth were eight hundred years, and he became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 5:5 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs All the days that Adam lived were nine hundred thirty years, then he died.
- Genesis 5:6 שָׁנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs Seth lived one hundred five years, and became the father of Enosh.
- Genesis 5:7 שָׁנִ֔ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs Seth lived after he became the father of Enosh eight hundred seven years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 5:8 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs All the days of Seth were nine hundred twelve years, then he died.
- Genesis 5:9 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Enosh lived ninety years, and became the father of Kenan.
- Genesis 5:10 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Enosh lived after he became the father of Kenan, eight hundred fifteen years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 5:11 שָׁנִ֔ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs All the days of Enosh were nine hundred five years, then he died.
- Genesis 5:12 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Kenan lived seventy years, and became the father of Mahalalel.
- Genesis 5:13 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Kenan lived after he became the father of Mahalalel eight hundred forty years, and became the father of sons and daughters
- Genesis 5:14 שָׁנִ֔ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs and all the days of Kenan were nine hundred ten years, then he died.
- Genesis 5:15 שָׁנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs Mahalalel lived sixty-five years, and became the father of Jared.
- Genesis 5:16 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Mahalalel lived after he became the father of Jared eight hundred thirty years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 5:17 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs All the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred ninety-five years, then he died.
- Genesis 5:18 שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Jared lived one hundred sixty-two years, and became the father of Enoch.
- Genesis 5:19 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Jared lived after he became the father of Enoch eight hundred years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 5:20 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs All the days of Jared were nine hundred sixty-two years, then he died.
- Genesis 5:21 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Enoch lived sixty-five years, and became the father of Methuselah.
- Genesis 5:22 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Enoch walked with God after he became the father of Methuselah three hundred years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 5:23 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָֽה n c fs n c fs all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty-five years.
- Genesis 5:25 שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Methuselah lived one hundred eighty-seven years, and became the father of Lamech.
- Genesis 5:26 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Methuselah lived after he became the father of Lamech seven hundred eighty-two years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 5:27 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs All the days of Methuselah were nine hundred sixty-nine years, then he died.
- Genesis 5:28 שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Lamech lived one hundred eighty-two years, and became the father of a son,
- Genesis 5:30 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Lamech lived after he became the father of Noah five hundred ninety-five years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 5:31 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs All the days of Lamech were seven hundred seventy-seven years, then he died.
- Genesis 5:32 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Noah was five hundred years old, and Noah became the father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
- Genesis 6:3 שָׁנָֽה n c fs Yahweh said, "My Spirit will not strive with man forever, because he also is flesh; yet will his days be one hundred twenty years."
- Genesis 7:6 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters came on the earth.
- Genesis 7:11 בִּ/שְׁנַ֨ת שָׁנָה֙ prep + n c fs cs n c fs In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the same day all the fountains of the great deep were burst open, and the sky's windows were opened.
- Genesis 8:13 שָׁנָ֗ה n c fs It happened in the six hundred first year, in the first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up from off the earth. Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked. He saw that the surface of the ground was dried.
- Genesis 9:28 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָֽה n c fs n c fs Noah lived three hundred fifty years after the flood.
- Genesis 9:29 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs All the days of Noah were nine hundred fifty years, then he died.
- Genesis 11:10 שָׁנָ֔ה שְׁנָתַ֖יִם n c fs adj Cardinal number fd This is the history of the generations of Shem. Shem was one hundred years old, and became the father of Arpachshad two years after the flood.
- Genesis 11:11 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Shem lived after he became the father of Arpachshad five hundred years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 11:12 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Arpachshad lived thirty-five years, and became the father of Shelah.
- Genesis 11:13 שָׁנִ֔ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs Arpachshad lived after he became the father of Shelah four hundred three years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 11:14 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Shelah lived thirty years, and became the father of Eber:
- Genesis 11:15 שָׁנִ֔ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs and Shelah lived after he became the father of Eber four hundred three years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 11:16 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Eber lived thirty-four years, and became the father of Peleg.
- Genesis 11:17 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Eber lived after he became the father of Peleg four hundred thirty years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 11:18 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Peleg lived thirty years, and became the father of Reu.
- Genesis 11:19 שָׁנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs Peleg lived after he became the father of Reu two hundred nine years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 11:20 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Reu lived thirty-two years, and became the father of Serug.
- Genesis 11:21 שָׁנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs Reu lived after he became the father of Serug two hundred seven years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 11:22 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Serug lived thirty years, and became the father of Nahor.
- Genesis 11:23 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Serug lived after he became the father of Nahor two hundred years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 11:24 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Nahor lived twenty-nine years, and became the father of Terah.
- Genesis 11:25 שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs Nahor lived after he became the father of Terah one hundred nineteen years, and became the father of sons and daughters.
- Genesis 11:26 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Terah lived seventy years, and became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.
- Genesis 11:32 שָׁנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה n c fp n c fs The days of Terah were two hundred five years. Terah died in Haran.
- Genesis 12:4 שָׁנִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה n c fp n c fs So Abram went, as Yahweh had spoken to him. Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he departed out of Haran.
- Genesis 14:4 שָׁנָ֔ה שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs n c fs Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year, they rebelled.
- Genesis 14:5 שָׁנָ֜ה n c fs In the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer came, and the kings who were with him, and struck the Rephaim in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh-kiriathaim,
- Genesis 15:13 שָׁנָֽה n c fs He said to Abram, "Know for sure that your seed will live as foreigners in a land that is not theirs, and will serve them. They will afflict them four hundred years.
- Genesis 16:3 שָׁנִ֔ים n c fp Sarai, Abram's wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her handmaid, after Abram had lived ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to Abram her husband to be his wife.
- Genesis 16:16 שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנִ֑ים n c fs n c fp Abram was eighty-six years old, when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram.
- Genesis 17:1 שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנִ֑ים n c fs n c fp When Abram was ninety-nine years old, Yahweh appeared to Abram, and said to him, "I am God Almighty. Walk before me, and be blameless.
- Genesis 17:17 שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs n c fs Then Abraham fell on his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, "Will a child be born to him who is one hundred years old? Will Sarah, who is ninety years old, give birth?"
- Genesis 17:21 בַּ/שָּׁנָ֖ה prep det + n c fs But my covenant I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this set time in the next year."
- Genesis 17:24 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Abraham was ninety-nine years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
- Genesis 17:25 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Ishmael, his son, was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
- Genesis 21:5 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Abraham was one hundred years old when his son, Isaac, was born to him.
- Genesis 23:1 שָׁנָ֛ה שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֖י n c fs n c fs n c fp adj Cardinal number md cs Sarah lived one hundred twenty-seven years. These were the years of Sarah's life.
- Genesis 25:7 שְׁנֵֽי שָׁנָ֛ה שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנִֽים adj Cardinal number md cs n c fs n c fs n c fp These are the days of the years of Abraham's life which he lived: one hundred seventy-five years.
- Genesis 25:17 שְׁנֵי֙ שָׁנָ֛ה שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנִ֑ים adj Cardinal number md cs n c fs n c fs n c fp These are the years of the life of Ishmael: one hundred thirty-seven years. He gave up the spirit and died, and was gathered to his people.
- Genesis 25:20 שָׁנָ֔ה n c fs Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Syrian of Paddan Aram, the sister of Laban the Syrian, to be his wife.
- Genesis 25:26 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs After that, his brother came out, and his hand had hold on Esau's heel. He was named Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old when she bore them.
- Genesis 26:12 בַּ/שָּׁנָ֥ה prep det + n c fs Isaac sowed in that land, and reaped in the same year one hundred times what he planted. Yahweh blessed him.
- Genesis 26:34 שָׁנָ֔ה n c fs When Esau was forty years old, he took as wife Judith, the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath, the daughter of Elon the Hittite.
- Genesis 29:18 שָׁנִ֔ים n c fp Jacob loved Rachel. He said, "I will serve you seven years for Rachel, your younger daughter."
- Genesis 29:20 שָׁנִ֑ים n c fp Jacob served seven years for Rachel. They seemed to him but a few days, for the love he had for her.
- Genesis 29:27 שָׁנִ֥ים n c fp Fulfill the week of this one, and we will give you the other also for the service which you will serve with me yet seven other years."
- Genesis 29:30 שָׁנִ֥ים n c fp He went in also to Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years.
- Genesis 31:38 שָׁנָ֤ה n c fs These twenty years have I been with you. Your ewes and your female goats have not cast their young, and I haven't eaten the rams of your flocks.
- Genesis 31:41 שָׁנָה֮ שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנִ֖ים n c fs n c fs n c fp These twenty years have I been in your house. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six years for your flock, and you have changed my wages ten times.
- Genesis 35:28 שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁנָֽה n c fs n c fs The days of Isaac were one hundred eighty years.
- Genesis 37:2 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs This is the history of the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brothers. He was a boy with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, his father's wives. Joseph brought an evil report of them to their father.
- Genesis 41:1 שְׁנָתַ֣יִם adj Cardinal number fd It happened at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river.
- Genesis 41:26 שָׁנִים֙ שָׁנִ֖ים n c fp n c fp The seven good cattle are seven years; and the seven good heads of grain are seven years. The dream is one.
- Genesis 41:27 שָׁנִים֙ שְׁנֵ֥י n c fp adj Cardinal number md cs The seven lean and ill-favored cattle that came up after them are seven years, and also the seven empty heads of grain blasted with the east wind; they will be seven years of famine.
- Genesis 41:29 שָׁנִ֖ים n c fp Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt.
- Genesis 41:35 הַ/שָּׁנִ֣ים ptcl def.art + n c fp Let them gather all the food of these good years that come, and lay up grain under the hand of Pharaoh for food in the cities, and let them keep it.
- Genesis 41:46 שָׁנָ֔ה n c fs Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt.
- Genesis 41:48 שָׁנִ֗ים n c fp He gathered up all the food of the seven years which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was round about every city, he laid up in the same.
- Genesis 45:6 שְׁנָתַ֥יִם שָׁנִ֔ים n c fd n c fp For these two years the famine has been in the land, and there are yet five years, in which there will be neither plowing nor harvest.
- Genesis 45:11 שָׁנִ֖ים n c fp There I will nourish you; for there are yet five years of famine; lest you come to poverty, you, and your household, and all that you have."'
- Genesis 47:9 שְׁנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֑ה שְׁנֵ֣י שְׁנֵי֙ adj Cardinal number md cs n c fs adj Cardinal number md cs adj Cardinal number md cs Jacob said to Pharaoh, "The days of the years of my pilgrimage are one hundred thirty years. Few and evil have been the days of the years of my life, and they have not attained to the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage."
- Genesis 47:17 בַּ/שָּׁנָ֖ה prep det + n c fs They brought their cattle to Joseph, and Joseph gave them bread in exchange for the horses, and for the flocks, and for the herds, and for the donkeys: and he fed them with bread in exchange for all their cattle for that year.
- Genesis 47:18 הַ/שָּׁנָ֣ה בַּ/שָּׁנָ֣ה ptcl def.art + n c fs prep det + n c fs When that year was ended, they came to him the second year, and said to him, "We will not hide from my lord how our money is all spent, and the herds of cattle are my lord's. There is nothing left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands.
- Genesis 47:28 שָׁנָ֑ה שְׁנֵ֣י שָׁנִ֔ים שָׁנָֽה n c fs adj Cardinal number md cs n c fp n c fs Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years. So the days of Jacob, the years of his life, were one hundred forty-seven years.
- Genesis 50:22 שָׁנִֽים n c fp Joseph lived in Egypt, he, and his father's house. Joseph lived one hundred ten years.
- Genesis 50:26 שָׁנִ֑ים n c fp So Joseph died, being one hundred ten years old, and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“year” is the headline sense of the Hebrew noun שנה (shâneh). Its meaning spans more than one sense — see its full sense range. It appears 647 verses across 32 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its most common vocabulary. First canonically at Genesis 1:14, it enters the text early. Related forms include שנה, משנה and שני. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H8141 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 647
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 647 distinct verses.
- 32 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 32 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #49
- by frequency
- Top 50 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 49 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 647 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 647 distinct verses.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 270 verses · 42%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 247 verses · 38%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 130 verses · 20%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 3 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Years 440×, Year 314×, Two years 5×
- American Standard Version†: Years 430×, Year 286×, Same year 4×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Years 288×, Year 238×, Years old 20×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Years 448×, Year 275×, The 60×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H8141 across 804† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 35 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 71 further occurrences.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H8141 across 801† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 54 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H8141 across 612† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 32 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 263 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H8141 across 955† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 2 further occurrences.
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Pual (the passive of Piel) and Hithpael (reflexive or reciprocal).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 6 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
שנה I change (NH Pi, etc.
Qal
- Pf. 1 s. לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Mal 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁנֶא (Ges§ 77 rr) La 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; LöhrNow יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Bu Löhr); Inf. cstr. שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן ψ 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Sym Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che al. years, usually ins. I will remember); Pt. שׁוֹנִים Est 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, cf. 3:8 (so Ecclus 42:24); Pr 24:21 those who change (but dub., v. Toy). e.g. Malachi 3:6
Piel
- transit., change, alter: Pf. 3 ms. שִׁנָּה Je 52:33 c. acc. garments, = שִׁנָּא (Gesl.c.) 2 K 25:29; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Pr 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ 1 S 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges§ 75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and reff.), cf. Bu HPS Now), c. acc. טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Est 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 s. ψ 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖ לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); Inf. cstr. לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Je 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ ψ 34:1 (title; cf. 1 S 21:14 supr.); Pt. מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Jb 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subj. God). e.g. Jeremiah 52:33
Pual
- Impf. 3 ms. וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges§ 75rr) Ec 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ v. עֹז 4, √ עזז). e.g. Ecclesiastes 8:1
Hithpael
- Pf. 2 fs. consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית 1 K 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself. e.g. 1 Kings 14:2
שנה II (on appar. except v. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 46), year (etym. v. √)
שנה III repeat, do again (NH id.
Qal
- Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 2 S 20:10; Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁנֶה 1 S 26:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שְׁנוּ 1 K 18:34; Pt. שֹׁנֶה Pr 17:9; 26:11;—do again: וַיַּכֵּהוּ … וְלֹא שׁ׳ לוֹ 2 S 20:10, cf. 1 S 26:8; abs. 1 K 18:34(×2) Ne 13:21; = speak again Jb 29:22 + 40:5 according to many moderns (אשׁנה for MT אענה); שׁ׳ בְּדָבָר Pr 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (שנות דבר Ecclus 42:1); 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over agian (learns nothing by experience). e.g. 2 Samuel 20:10
Niphal
- Inf. cstr. וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם Gn 41:32 (E) concerning the dream’s being repeated, etc. e.g. Genesis 41:32
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. vb. change (NH Pi, etc.; Ecclus 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lzb379; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ, especially mentally = grow insane; cf. (prob.) NH שָׁנָה year, = Ph. שנת, שת; MI 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (cf. Muss-ArnoltJBL xi (1892), 73 n.); Arabic سَنَةٌ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ; Old Aramaic, Nab., Palm. שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb379 f.; on year from changing seasons, v. PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f. BaZMG xli (1887), 612, 621, 636 (especially against DHM VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452 who proposes bilit. √), cf. Thes; a daring suggestion by JenZA vii (1892), 177);—
II. n.f. (on appar. except v. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 46), year (etym. v. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Am 2:10 +; cstr. שְׁנַת Gn 41:50 +; sf. שְׁנָתוֹ Ez 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Lv 14:10 + 2 times; du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 +, -תָ֑יִם 1 K 15:25 +; pl. שָׁנִים Ex 21:2 +, cstr. שְׁנֵי Gn 23:1 + 24 times, שְׁנוֹת Dt 32:7 + 8 times (poet. and late); sf. שָׁנָיו Lv 25:52 + 4 times sf.; שְׁנוֹתַי Is 38:15 ψ 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם 78:33 + 8 times sf.;—year, as division of time, Ex 23:14, 17 3 times בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Dt 11:12, opp. אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ v 12, צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ Ex 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ 34:22 2 Ch 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה 2 K 13:20, read כְּבֹא שׁ׳ 𝔊 Bur, בארץ שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ Kit, cf. שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ = year by year 1 S 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benz, cf. Ne 10:33; so שׁ׳ שׁ׳ Dt 14:22, שׁ׳ אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ 2 S 21:1, בְּכָל־שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Est 9:21, 27; especially of duration of life; (יְמֵי) שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ Gn 23:1; 25:7 + (P); שְׁנֵיהֶם Jb 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי ψ 31:11 (‖ חַיַּי), etc.; of God Jb 10:5 ψ 102:25, 28; in phr. of age, v. בֵּן 9, בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Ez 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳ Dn 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 S 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ Is 6:1; 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָה Dt 15:9; 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Lv 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Is 16:14; 21:16 (v. שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Je 11:23 + 2 times; שׁ׳ רָצוֹן לְי׳ Is 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Dt 32:7, cf. Jo 2:2; most often c. num. card.: pl. after units, appos., Ex 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים 2 S 2:10 +, but du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 + 4 times, שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Gn 41:1 + 4 times; very rarely c. num. (certainly) cstr. שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים 1 S 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳ Lv 25:21; 8 + שָׁנָה †2 K 22:1; before unit (rare, late) 2 Ch 11:17(×2); Dn 1:5; sg. after 11–19, tens, and hundreds Gn 5:3, 9; 14:4 + often; so 90 + 9 years 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years 1 K 2:11, etc.; but אֶלֶפ שָׁנִים ψ 90:4 1000 years, so (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ec 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. often repeated, 900 year + 30 year Gn 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ 1 K 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ 2 K 15:23, etc.; but בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳ לְ 2 K 18:13, etc. (often), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה 1 K 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Lv 19:24 +, etc., + לְ 2 K 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Ges§ 134 p) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ 2 K 25:1, cf. Ezr 7:8; Je 46:2; 51:59 + (Kt) 28:1; 32:1 (Qr בַּשָּׁנָה).
III. vb. repeat, do again (NH id.; Ecclus 42:1; Arabic ثَنَى bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ܬܢܳܐ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi. repeat, relate, cf. ScheilZA v (1890), 409 (Dl thinks denom.); on שׁ׳ as √ of שְׁנַיִם two, v. PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 77 Baib. xii (1887), 603);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from שנה (shânâh) (H8138) — to change.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
שֵׁינָה
- sleep. Ber. 3ᵇ מעולם לא עבר … בש׳ midnight never found me asleep. Ib. 62ᵇ ש׳ בעמוד וכ׳ sleep at morning dawn (v. שֵׁינָא I). Meg. 15ᵇ שְׁנַת וכ׳, v. נָדַד. Succ. 26ᵃ שֵׁינַת, v. עַרְאַי. Ib. במוסר שֵׁינָתוֹ וכ׳ when he gives his sleep in charge of others (gives orders to wake him up). Yoma I, 4 המאכל מביא את הש׳ eating causes sleepiness. Tam. 28ᵃ אונס ש׳ being overcome by sleep. Snh. 93ᵇ שהיו אונסין … ומן הש׳ they forced themselves not to laugh, talk, or fall asleep. Kidd. 49ᵇ עשרה ש׳ וכ׳ ten measures of sleep have come down to the world, nine of which the slaves have taken &c.; a. fr.
שָׁנָה
- I, v. שני
שָׁנָה II
- , Revue des Et. Juives XI, 1885, p. 64) year. Ber. 55ᵃ שלשה … ש׳ טובה וכ׳ three things must be prayed for: a good king, a good year, and a good dream. R. Hash. I, 1, a. fr. ראש הש׳, v. רֹאשׁ. Ib. 2ᵃ עלתה לו ש׳ it is counted as one year of his reign (his second year begins). Y. Yoma V, 42ᶜ top; Bab. ib. 53ᵇ, v. גָּשַׁם. Ib. 39ᵇ אותה ש׳ … בש׳ זו הוא מת (on the Day of Atonement of) the year in which Simon the righteous died, he said to them, in this year he (euphem. for I) shall die. Snh. 97ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 9ᵃ ששת אלפים ש׳ וכ׳ the world will last six thousand years. Naz. 5ᵃ אותה ש׳ … שנת עשר וכ׳ the year in which they asked for a king was the tenth year of office of Samuel &c. Par. I, 1 בת שְׁנָתָהּ in her first year; a. v. fr.—Pl. שָׁנִים, constr. שְׁנוֹת (שְׁנֵי). Naz. l. c. ימים שאין עמהן ש׳ ‘days’ in the Scriptures to which the word ‘years’ is not attached; זה שיש עמו ש׳ this passage (Gen. XLI, 1) where ‘years’ is combined with days. Yoma 71ᵃ (ref. to Prov. III, 2) וכי יש ש׳ של חיים ויש ש׳ שאינן וכ׳ are there years of life, and years of no life? אלו שְׁנוֹתָיו של אדם וכ׳ those are a man’s years which are changed for him from evil to good. Sabb. 89ᵇ (ref. to כשנים, Is. I, 18) אם יהיו חטאיכם כש׳ הללו וכ׳ if your sins were as many as the years that have been arranged and have come down from the six days of creation until now, they shall become white &c.; Yalk. Is. 256; Y. Sabb. IX, 12ᵃ bot. כש׳ שבין וכ׳ as the years (required for travelling) between the heaven and the earth; כשְׁנֵי אבות as the years of the patriarchs; a. v. fr.—ברכת הש׳ (the blessing of the harvests of the year) birkhath hash-shanim, the ninth section of the Prayer of Benedictions (תְּפִלָּה). Ber. 29ᵃ, v. שְׁאֵלָה. Taan. 2ᵃ; a. fr. e.g. Genesis 41:1
שֵׁנָה
- , v. שֵׁינָה
שני
- (b. h.)
- 1. to repeat, do a second time. Yoma 86ᵇ ואם ש׳ בהן וכ׳ but if he committed the same sins again, he must confess them. Ib. כיון … וש׳ בה וכ׳ when a man commits a sin and repeats it, it appears to him permitted; M. Kat. 27ᵇ. Ib. 16ᵇ; Ber. 18ᵃ אם קרית לא שָׁנִיתָ ואם שנית וכ׳ if thou hast read (studied), thou hast not repeated, and if thou hast repeated, thou hast not reviewed a third time, and if thou hast done so, they have not explained it to thee (v. פָּרַשׁ). Sot. 9ᵃ (ref. to Mal. III, 6) לא … ושָׁנִיתִי לה וכ׳ I never struck a nation and had to do it a second time, but you, children of Israel, have not been consumed; Yalk. Deut. 825. Ib. שהיה מכה … ולא שֹׁונֶה לו who used to strike a man once and no more (killed with one stroke). Tosef. Toh. IV, 1 אומר לו שיִשְׁנֶה we say to him that he should do it again (when it will be seen whether it can be done without touching uncleanness); אין שֹׁונִין בטהרות we must not try again for the purpose of deciding in matters of levitical cleanness; Nidd. 5ᵇ אומרים לו שְׁנֵה ושונה we say to him, do it again, and he does it again; a. fr.—Part. pass. שָׁנוּי; f. שְׁנוּיָה &c. Meg. 31ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 19ᵇ, v. שָׁלַשׁ; a. e. e.g. Malachi 3:6
- 2. (denom. of מִשְׁנָה) to study the Mishnah; in gen. to study; to teach. Meg. 28ᵇ; Nidd. 73ᵃ כל השונה וכ׳ he who studies (reviews) traditional laws every day. Meg. 32ᵃ; Treat. Sof’rim III, 10 השונה בלא זמרה who studies (Mishnah and Gemarah) without chant. B. Mets. 44ᵃ שנית לנו … ותִשְׁנֶה לנו וכ׳ in thy earlier days thou taughtest us …, and again in thy old days, thou teachest us &c.?; Ab. Zar. 52ᵇ. Erub. 92ᵃ וכי רבי לא שְׁנָאָהּ וכ׳ but if Rabbi has not taught that, whence could R. Ḥiyya have it?; Yeb. 43ᵃ; Nidd. 62ᵃ רבי לא שנה וכ׳ Rabbi has not taught this? whence &c.? Yeb. 108ᵇ, a. e. מי שש׳ זו לא ש׳ זו he who taught this, has not taught that, i.e. the two clauses in the Mishnah are from different authors, v. תַּבְרָא. Ḥull. 85ᵃ ראה רבי … ושְׁנָאָן וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. ושנאו) Rabbi approved of the opinion of R. …, and embodied it in the Mishnah as the opinion of ‘the scholars’. Pes. 3ᵇ; Ḥull. 63ᵇ לעולם יִשְׁנֶה אדם לתלמידו וכ׳ one should always teach his pupil the shortest way (use the briefest terms). Ib. 81ᵇ, a. fr. לא שָׁנוּ אלא וכ׳ they have taught this only with regard to a case &c., i.e. this is meant only when &c.; a. fr.—Part. pass. as ab. Nidd. 22ᵇ, a. fr. במחלוקת שנויה, v. מַחֲלוֹקֶת.
- 1. to be repeated. Snh. 59ᵃ ונִישְׁנֵית, v. נֹחַ. Ḥull. 63ᵇ למה נִשְׁנוּ בבהמה וכ׳ why are the laws of clean and unclean animals repeated (in Deut.)? With reference to quadrupeds, on account of hassh’suʿah (Deut. XIV, 7, which is not found in Lev. XI, 4) &c., v. שְׁסוּעָה; Bekh. 6ᵇ; a. e. e.g. Deuteronomy 14:7
- 2. to be taught. B. Mets. 33ᵇ; B. Kam. 94ᵇ, a. e. בימי רבי נשנית משנה זו this Mishnah was taught (originated) in Rabbi’s days. Ber. 28ᵃ, v. עֵדוּת; a. e.
- to teach (Mishnah &c.). Lam. R. to I, 6 הַשְׁנֵינִי פרק וכ׳, v. קָרָא II; a. e.
- 1. to repeat, to come a second time. Y. Snh. III, 21ᵇ bot. לְשַׁנֹּות, v. טַעֲנָה. Num. R. s. 420 ולא שִׁינְּתָה, v. שָׁלַשׁ.
- 2. to change, vary, modify; to make a distinction. B. Mets. VI, 2 כל המְשַׁנֶּה ידיו וכ׳, v. יָד. Snh. 92ᵇ אפי׳ … לא יְשַׁנֶּה אדם את עצמו וכ׳ even in time of danger (persecution) a man must not change himself from (disguise the insignia of) his office. Yeb. 65ᵇ מותר … לשנות וכ׳ one may modify (the report of a person’s utterances) in the interest of peace. Ib. גדול … הקב"ה ש׳ בו וכ׳ peace is a great thing, for even the Lord modified (Sarah’s words) for its sake (ref. to Gen. XVIII, 12 a. 13). Y. Pes. IV, 30ᵈ top אל תְּשַׁנּוּ מנהג וכ׳ change not the usage of your fathers &c. Gen. R. s. 48 זה אחד … שׁשִׁינּוּ וכ׳ this is one of the things which they (the seventy translators) changed for king Ptolemee. Sabb. 10ᵇ לעולם אל יְשַׁנֶּה אדם בנו בין הבנים a man must never distinguish his son among his sons (favor one son more than the others); Gen. R. s. 84. Bets. 30ᵃ אם אי אפשר לשנות if it is not possible to do the thing in a different manner (so as to be reminded that it is a Holy Day). Tanḥ. Nitsabim 3 כבר … שלא אֲשׁנֶּה בכם וכ׳ I have sworn to you that I will not change my relation to you &c. Yalk. Mal. 589 מי שי׳ במי which of us changed his conduct towards the other?; המקום לא שי׳ בישראל God has not changed his relation to Israel; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְשׁוּנֶּה; f. מְשׁוּנָּה. Y. Taan. I, end, 64ᵈ עורב יצא מש׳ מן הבריות the raven came out of the ark looking different from all other creatures (black). Shek. V, 2, v. רִצְפָה. Sabb. 56ᵃ (ref. to II Sam. XII, 9) מש׳ רעה זו וכ׳ this evil deed is different from all &c. Ib. 156ᵇ מיתה מש׳ a strange (unnatural, sudden) death; Sot. 35ᵃ; a. fr.—Deut. R. s. 9 ראה אותו מש׳ he saw him (the angel of death) looking strange (excited); מפני מה אתה מש׳ why art thou excited? e.g. Genesis 18:12
- to be changed, different. Snh. 38ᵃ בשלשה … מִשְׁתַּנֶּה מחבירו וכ׳ by three things one man is distinguishable from another: by his voice &c. Pes. X, 4 (116ᵃ) מה נ׳ הלילה וכ׳ why is this night different from all other nights? Snh. 71ᵇ [read:] הואיל ונ׳ דינו ונִשְׁתַּנֵית מיתתו because his (the proselyte’s) legal status is different, and the mode of capital punishment is different for him. Sabb. 53ᵇ נִשְׁתַּנּוּ לו סדרי וכ׳ the order of nature had to be changed for him. R. Hash. 19ᵃ מה נִישְׁתַּנִּינוּ מכל וכ׳ wherein are we different from any other nation or tongue that you decree for us such hard decrees?; a. e.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 155 distinct written forms H8141 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 95 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H8141, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 619 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 647 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 1:14
- Exodus 6:16
- Leviticus 9:3
- Numbers 1:1
- Deuteronomy 1:3
- Joshua 5:6
- Judges 2:8
- Ruth 1:4
- 1 Samuel 1:7
- 2 Samuel 2:10
- 1 Kings 2:11
- 2 Kings 1:17
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.