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כֹּחַ

strength

also: power, might fuller range ↓

H3581 Strong's Hebrew
kôach Transliteration
/ko'-akh/ Pronunciation
Usage in the Hebrew Bible 127 appearances

Compare with another word →

About this entry

At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.

The Hebrew noun כח centers on the idea of “strength.” Its earliest occurrence is Genesis 4:12. Spanning 121 verses in 28 books, it ranks among the common words of the Hebrew Bible. Beyond “strength” it also covers “power” and “might” — see its full sense range. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.

Gloss history

Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship

Strong's · 1890
ability
Modern gloss
strength
Strong's 1890 sometimes compressed multiple senses — or homonymous roots — under one number, and used 19th-century English phrasing that no longer carries the same connotation. The modern gloss reflects current BDB scholarship; open the Lexicon Entry tab for the full sense breakdown. Download share card

About this word

Strong's H3581 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.

These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →

121
distinct verses
The word appears in 121 distinct verses.
28 / 39
OT books
The word appears in 28 of 39 Old Testament books.
Genesis 4:12
first appearance
The earliest occurrence is in Genesis 4:12.
Zechariah 4:6
last appearance
The latest occurrence is in Zechariah 4:6.
#348
by frequency
Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 348 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).

View all 121 occurrences in the concordance →


Most concentrated in

By section of the Old Testament

  • Pentateuch 14 · 12%
  • Historical 33 · 27%
  • Wisdom 38 · 31%
  • Prophets 36 · 30%

By traditional corpus

Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 121 distinct verses.

  • Writings (Ketuvim) 67 verses · 55%
  • Prophets (Nevi'im) 40 verses · 33%
  • Torah (Pentateuch) 14 verses · 12%

How translations render this word

Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).

BDB lists this Strong’s number as 3 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.

  • King James Version: Strength 42×, Power 33×, Might 4×
  • American Standard Version: Strength 34×, Power 30×, Might 6×
  • Berean Standard Bible: Strength 46×, Power 33×, Own strength 2×
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text: Strength 53×, Power 34×, Might 5×

King James Version Public Domain

Renders H3581 across 124 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Strength” 42×
  • “Power” 33×
  • “Might” 4×
  • “Force” 3×
  • “Is my strength” 2×
  • “Is not strength” 2×

Plus 38 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 2 further occurrences.

American Standard Version Public Domain

Renders H3581 across 123 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Strength” 34×
  • “Power” 30×
  • “Might” 6×
  • “Him” 2×
  • “Is my strength” 2×
  • “Is not strength” 2×
  • “Without strength” 2×

Plus 45 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

Berean Standard Bible Public Domain

Renders H3581 across 118 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Strength” 46×
  • “Power” 33×
  • “Own strength” 2×
  • “Powerful” 2×
  • “Produce” 2×
  • “Wealth” 2×

Plus 31 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 8 further occurrences.

unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0

Renders H3581 across 141 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Strength” 53×
  • “Power” 34×
  • “Might” 5×
  • “Strength of” 5×
  • “With” 3×
  • “Are power” 2×
  • “But” 2×
  • “His” 2×
  • “Is my strength” 2×
  • “Is your” 2×
  • “Wealth” 2×
  • “Your” 2×

Plus 27 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.


10 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB

What do BDB’s symbols mean?

BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:

Symbol Meaning
𝔊 the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX)
𝔙 the Vulgate (the Latin translation)
𝔖 the Syriac version (the Peshitta)
𝔗 the Targum (the Aramaic translation)
ψ the Psalms
√ root (the underlying root or stem)
‖ parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel)
† the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited

The 10 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.

כח I [m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11

כח II and (†Dn 11

  • 1. human strength:
    • a. physical, of Samson Ju 16:5, 6, 9, 15, 17, 19, 30; strength in toil Is 44:12 (זְרוֹעַ כֹּתוֹ), v 12 Lv 26:20 Ne 4:4; of manly vigour (in procreation) אַתָּה כֹּחִי וְרֵאשִׁית אוֹנִי Gn 49:3 (poem in J; said to Reuben); vigour in gen. Jos 14:11(×2) (JE), Ju 6:14 1 S 28:22 Jb 6:11, 12 ψ 31:11; 38:11; 71:9; 102:24; Pr 20:29; as sustained by food 1 K 19:8; lack of such vigour is לֹא־כֹחַ Jb 26:2, cf. מִכֹּחַ Je 48:45 without strength; בְּלֹא־כ׳ La 1:6; יְגִיעֵי־כ׳ Jb 3:17; כֹּחַ לֹא־הָיָה בוֹ 1 S 28:20, cf. Dn 10:8, 17; in ψ 22:16 read חִכִּי, so Ew Ol Che al.; specif. of power of voice Is 40:9. e.g. Judges 16:5
    • b. more inclusively, ability, efficiency: sq. inf., ability to weep 1 S 30:4; to get wealth Dt 8:18; to bring forth (a child; in fig.) 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3; sq. לַעֲמֹד Dn 1:4 Ezr 10:13, cf. Dn 11:15; without inf. 1 Ch 29:2 Ezr 2:69; of efficiency in battle 2 Ch 14:10; 20:12; 26:13; for porter’s service in temple אִישׁ־חַיִל בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲבֹדָה 1 Ch 26:8; ability or efficiency in gen. Gn 31:6 Pr 24:5, 10 Ec 4:1; 9:10, so prob. כֹּחַ יְדֵיהֶם Jb 30:2; עָצַר כֹּחַ (late, cf. עצר) retain ability or strength, sq. inf.; נַעְצֹר כ׳ לְהִתְנַדֵּב 1 Ch 29:14 that we should retain (have) ability to make freewill-offerings; to build 2 Ch 2:5; c. neg., without inf., Dn 10:8, 16 (cf. 11:6, c.). e.g. 1 Samuel 30:4
    • c. power of a people, or king, Jos 17:17 Na 2:2 Hb 1:11 Is 49:4 (of servant of י׳), La 1:14 Dn 8:22, 24a, also v 24b (si vera l., v. Bev), 11:25 (‖ לֵבָב); c. עָצַר 2 Ch 13:20; 22:9 Dn 11:6 (לֹא תַעְצֹר כ׳ הַזְּרוֹעַ, cf. b); in Ho 7:9 fig. of body seems combined with that of land yielding produce (v. 5 infr.) e.g. Joshua 17:17
    • d. power opp. to that of God Am 2:14 Is 10:13 (כ׳ יָדִי), Dt 8:17 1 S 2:9 Zc 4:6 Jb 36:19 ψ 33:16. e.g. Amos 2:14
    • e. power conferred by God Is 40:29, cf. v 31; 41:1; of prophetic power Mi 3:8. e.g. Isaiah 40:29
  • 2. strength of angels ψ 103:20. e.g. Psalms 103:20
  • 3. power of God: in creation Je 10:12; 51:51 (see also 32:17 infr.); ψ 65:7; in governing the world 1 Ch 29:12 2 Ch 20:6 ψ 29:4; in acts of deliverance and judgment Ex 9:16; 15:6; 32:11 Nu 14:13, 17 (JE), Is 50:2 2 Ch 25:8 Jb 9:19; 24:22; 26:12; 30:18; 36:22; in combin. כֹּחַ גָּדוֹל Dt 4:37; ‖ יָד חֲזָקָה Ex 32:11 (JE), Ne 1:10; ‖ זְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Dt 9:29 2 K 17:36 Je 27:5; 32:17; he is רַב־כֹּחַ ψ 147:5, cf. רֹב כֹּחוֹ Is 63:1 Jb 23:6; also גדול־כֹּחַ Na 1:3; אַמִּיץ כֹּחַ Is 40:26 Jb 9:4, שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ 37:23; כֹּחַ מַעֲשָׂיו ψ 116:6 the power of his works; קוֹל י׳ בַּכֹּחַ ψ 29:4 (of thunder); specif. of his wisdom (rather peculiarly, Elihu) כַּבִּיר כֹּחַ לֵב Jb 36:5 mighty in strength of mind. e.g. Jeremiah 10:12
  • 4. of animals: wild ox Jb 39:11, horse v 21, hippopot. 40:16, bullock Pr 14:4; he-goat Dn 8:6, ram v 7. e.g. Job 39:11
  • 5. strength, of soil i.e. produce, Gn 4:12 (J), Jb 31:39; (Ho 7:9 v. 1. c supr.); = wealth (cf. חַיִל Pr 5:10 Jb 6:22. e.g. Genesis 4:12

Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.


Word origin

I. n.[m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30; 𝔊 𝔙 AV chameleon; on various opinions v. Di.

III. and (†Dn 11:6) כּוֹחַ n.m. Dt 4:37 strength, power (NH id.);—כ׳ abs. Dt 8:18 +; cstr. Nu 14:17 +; sf. כֹּחִי Gn 31:6 +; כֹּחֲךָ Ju 16:6 +, כֹּחֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:10, כֹּחֶ֑כָה Pr 24:10, etc.; always sg.;—

— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.

Origin: from an unused root meaning to be firm

Part of speech: Noun Masculine TWOT: 973 . 1


Jastrow Dictionary

A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.

כָּח

  • , v. כָּחַח

כֹּחַ

  • v. יָכַח) firmness, strength, power. Hor. 9ᵃ בנוי בכ׳ וכ׳ in beauty, in physical strength, &c. Ḥag. 12ᵃ. Snh. 96ᵃ תשש כֹּחוֹ his strength failed him. Ber. 63ᵃ כל … אין בו כח וכ׳ he who is careless about the study of the Law, will have no strength to endure on the day of trouble; a. v. fr.—Bets. 2ᵇ, a. fr. (mixed diction) להוריעך … כֹּחָן to show the power of …, i.e. how far-reaching are the consequences of the opinion of … Ib., a. fr. כח דהיתרא עדיף showing the power of the more lenient opinion is preferred (as an evidence of courage of conviction, while the more rigid opinion may be the outcome of doubt).—כח כֹּחוֹ indirect action, opp. כֹּחוֹ direct action. B. Kam. 18ᵃ שאני … בין נזק כחו לכח כחו S. distinguishes between direct and indirect injury. Ib. 19ᵃ. Macc. 8ᵃ.—Ab. Zar. 60ᵃ כ׳ כ׳ pressing wine by turning a wheel. B. Kam. 10ᵇ, v. לַאו.—Snh. 77ᵇ כ׳ ראשון direct agency, כ׳ שני indirect agency.—Shebu. 48ᵃ, a. fr. יפה כ׳, v. יָפֶה.—Ohol. XVIII, 6 שכֹּחָן יפה who (which) can endure pressure without shaking, opp. כחן רע; Zab. III, 1; B. Mets. 105ᵇ; a. e.—Gen. R. s. 98, v. לִיבְדְּקוֹס. Y. Pes. I, 27ᶜ bot. ל"ת שבא מכח עשה a prohibition derived from a positive law, v. לַאו; a. fr.—Trnsf. coition. Yeb. 34ᵃ

כֹּחַ ²

  • 1. same. Targ. Lam. I, 6.—Bets. 2ᵇ, a. fr. (mostly in Hebrew form), v. supra.
  • 2. name of a lizzard. Targ. Lev. XI, 30 (h. text כח).
  • 3. בַּר כּוֹחָא pr. n. m. Bar-Koḥa. Y. Sabb. XIV, 14ᵈ bot.

A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.


Forms in the corpus

The 78 distinct written forms H3581 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.

Form Parsing Example Uses
כֹּ֣חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Job 6:12 8
כֹּ֔חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Ecclesiastes 4:1 8
כֹּ֖חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Daniel 11:15 6
כֹּֽחַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Daniel 10:8 5
בְּ/כֹ֣חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct 1 Kings 19:8 3
בְּ/כֹח֑/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Job 24:22 3
בְּ/כֹחֲ/ךָ֣ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Deuteronomy 9:29 3
כֹ֑חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Isaiah 41:1 3
כֹּ֑חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Isaiah 40:29 3
כֹּח֑/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Amos 2:14 3
כֹּחִ֑/י Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Exodus 9:16 3
בְּ/כֹח֔/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Jeremiah 10:12 2
בַּ/כֹּ֑חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 15:6 2
וְ/כֹ֥חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 2 Kings 19:3 2
כֹ֔חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Daniel 10:17 2
כֹ֖חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Isaiah 50:2 2
כֹֽחַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Job 3:17 2
כֹחִ֑/י Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Psalms 31:10 2
כֹּ֨חַ֙ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 1 Samuel 28:20 2
כֹּ֭חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Job 23:6 2
כֹּח֔/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Hosea 7:9 2
כֹּחִ֗/י Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Psalms 22:15 2
כֹּחֽ/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Daniel 8:6 2
בְ/כֹ֔חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Zechariah 4:6 1
בְ/כֹ֖חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 1 Samuel 2:9 1
בְ/כֹח֔/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Daniel 8:24 1
בְ/כֹחֲ/ךָ֛ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Numbers 14:13 1
בְ/כֹחֽ/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Daniel 8:22 1
בַ/כֹּ֨חַ֙ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Isaiah 40:9 1
בְּ/כֹ֑חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Job 39:21 1
בְּ/כֹ֔חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Judges 16:30 1
בְּ/כֹ֤חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Isaiah 10:13 1
בְּ/כֹ֥חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 32:11 1
בְּ/כֹ֧חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 2 Kings 17:36 1
בְּ/כֹֽחֲ/ךָ֙ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Jeremiah 32:17 1
בְּ/כֹח֥/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Deuteronomy 4:37 1
בְּ/כֹחֲ/ךָ֖ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Ecclesiastes 9:10 1
בְּ/כֹחִ/י֙ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Jeremiah 27:5 1
בְּ֭/כֹח/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Job 26:12 1
בַּ/כֹּ֖חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 1 Chronicles 26:8 1
וְ/הַ/כֹּ֖חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Leviticus 11:30 1
וְ/כֹ֤חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Joshua 17:17 1
וּ/כְ/כֹ֣חִ/י Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Joshua 14:11 1
וּ֝/מִ/כֹּחֲ/כֶ֗ם Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Job 6:22 1
כֹ֛חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Daniel 8:7 1
כֹ֨חַ֙ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Micah 3:8 1
כֹ֭חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Psalms 103:20 1
כֹח֖/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Habakkuk 1:11 1
כֹח֣/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Job 40:16 1
כֹחִ֔/י Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Judges 16:17 1
כּ֣וֹחַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Daniel 11:6 1
כְּ/כֹ֥חִ/י Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Joshua 14:11 1
כְּ/כֹחָ֗/ם Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Ezra 2:69 1
כֹּ֑ח Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Daniel 10:8 1
כֹּ֛חַ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 2 Chronicles 25:8 1
כֹּ֝חִ֗/י Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Psalms 71:9 1
כֹּ֣חַֽ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Job 36:5 1
כֹּ֭חָ/הּ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Job 31:39 1
כֹּח/וֹ֙ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Daniel 8:24 1
כֹּח֖/וֹ Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct Judges 16:19 1

The 60 most common forms are shown; 18 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.


Septuagint verse parallels

This word appears in 115 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 121 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.

Read these verses in the Septuagint

This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.

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