יָרַד
to go down
also: descend, decline, march down, sink down fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Qal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘go down’
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”). Here: ‘bring down’
- Hophal
- The passive counterpart of the Hiphil (“he was caused to…”). Here: ‘be brought down’
Form
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
- Cohortative
- A first-person volitional form expressing wish or resolve (“let me / let us write”).
- Jussive
- A third- or second-person volitional form expressing wish or command (“let him write”).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
State
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Every verse where H3381 appears in the Book of Ezekiel — 23 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Ezekiel
- Ezekiel 26:11 תֵּרֵֽד Qal impf 3fs With the hoofs of his horses shall he tread down all your streets; he shall kill your people with the sword; and the pillars of your strength shall go down to the ground.
- Ezekiel 26:16 וְֽ/יָרְד֞וּ conj + Qal wpf 3cp Then all the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrones, and lay aside their robes, and strip off their embroidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with trembling; they shall sit on the ground, and shall tremble every moment, and be astonished at you.
- Ezekiel 26:20 וְ/הוֹרַדְתִּי/ךְ֩ י֨וֹרְדֵי י֣וֹרְדֵי conj + Hiphil wpf 1cs + sfx pers 2fs Qal ptcp.act mp cs Qal ptcp.act mp cs then will I bring you down with those who descend into the pit, to the people of old time, and will make you to dwell in the lower parts of the earth, in the places that are desolate of old, with those who go down to the pit, that you be not inhabited; and I will set glory in the land of the living:
- Ezekiel 27:29 וְֽ/יָרְד֞וּ conj + Qal wpf 3cp All who handled the oar, the mariners, [and] all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships; they shall stand on the land,
- Ezekiel 28:8 יֽוֹרִד֑וּ/ךָ Hiphil impf 3mp + sfx pers 2ms They shall bring you down to the pit; and you shall die the death of those who are slain, in the heart of the seas.
- Ezekiel 30:6 וְ/יָרַ֖ד conj + Qal wpf 3ms Thus says Yahweh: They also who uphold Egypt shall fall; and the pride of her power shall come down: from the tower of Seveneh shall they fall in it by the sword, says the Lord Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 31:12 וַ/יֵּרְד֧וּ conj + Qal wimpf 3mp Strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: on the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the watercourses of the land; and all the peoples of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.
- Ezekiel 31:14 י֥וֹרְדֵי Qal ptcp.act mp cs to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up on their height, [even] all who drink water: for they are all delivered to death, to the lower parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with those who go down to the pit.
- Ezekiel 31:15 רִדְתּ֤/וֹ Qal inf.cs + sfx pers 3ms Thus says the Lord Yahweh: In the day when he went down to Sheol I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the rivers of it; and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.
- Ezekiel 31:16 בְּ/הוֹרִדִ֥/י י֣וֹרְדֵי prep + Hiphil inf.cs + sfx pers 1cs Qal ptcp.act mp cs I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to Sheol with those who descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the lower parts of the earth.
- Ezekiel 31:17 יָרְד֥וּ Qal pf 3cp They also went down into Sheol with him to those who are slain by the sword; yes, those who were his arm, [that] lived under his shadow in the midst of the nations.
- Ezekiel 31:18 וְ/הוּרַדְתָּ֨ conj + Hophal wpf 2ms To whom are you thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall you be brought down with the trees of Eden to the lower parts of the earth: you shall lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with those who are slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, says the Lord Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 32:18 וְ/הוֹרִדֵ֑/הוּ י֥וֹרְדֵי conj + Hiphil impv 2ms + sfx pers 3ms Qal ptcp.act mp cs Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt, and cast them down, even her, and the daughters of the famous nations, to the lower parts of the earth, with those who go down into the pit.
- Ezekiel 32:19 רְדָ֥/ה Qal impv 2ms + sfx h Whom do you pass in beauty? Go down, and be laid with the uncircumcised.
- Ezekiel 32:21 יָֽרְד֛וּ Qal pf 3cp The strong among the mighty shall speak to him out of the midst of Sheol with those who help him: they are gone down, they lie still, even the uncircumcised, slain by the sword.
- Ezekiel 32:24 יָרְד֥וּ י֥וֹרְדֵי Qal pf 3cp Qal ptcp.act mp cs There is Elam and all her multitude round about her grave; all of them slain, fallen by the sword, who are gone down uncircumcised into the lower parts of the earth, who caused their terror in the land of the living, and have borne their shame with those who go down to the pit.
- Ezekiel 32:25 י֣וֹרְדֵי Qal ptcp.act mp cs They have set her a bed in the midst of the slain with all her multitude; her graves are round about her; all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword; for their terror was caused in the land of the living, and they have borne their shame with those who go down to the pit: he is put in the midst of those who are slain.
- Ezekiel 32:27 יָרְדֽוּ Qal pf 3cp They shall not lie with the mighty who are fallen of the uncircumcised, who are gone down to Sheol with their weapons of war, and have laid their swords under their heads, and their iniquities are on their bones; for [they were] the terror of the mighty in the land of the living.
- Ezekiel 32:29 יֹ֥רְדֵי Qal ptcp.act mp cs There is Edom, her kings and all her princes, who in their might are laid with those who are slain by the sword: they shall lie with the uncircumcised, and with those who go down to the pit.
- Ezekiel 32:30 יָרְד֣וּ י֥וֹרְדֵי Qal pf 3cp Qal ptcp.act mp cs There are the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Sidonians, who are gone down with the slain; in the terror which they caused by their might they are put to shame; and they lie uncircumcised with those who are slain by the sword, and bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.
- Ezekiel 34:26 וְ/הוֹרַדְתִּ֤י conj + Hiphil wpf 1cs I will make them and the places round about my hill a blessing; and I will cause the shower to come down in its season; there shall be showers of blessing.
- Ezekiel 47:1 יֹרְדִ֗ים Qal ptcp.act mp He brought me back to the door of the house; and, behold, waters issued out from under the threshold of the house eastward; (for the forefront of the house was toward the east;) and the waters came down from under, from the right side of the house, on the south of the altar.
- Ezekiel 47:8 וְ/יָרְד֖וּ conj + Qal wpf 3cp Then said he to me, These waters issue forth toward the eastern region, and shall go down into the Arabah; and they shall go toward the sea; into the sea [shall the waters go] which were made to issue forth; and the waters shall be healed.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“to go down” is the headline sense of the Hebrew verb ירד (yârad). Its earliest occurrence is Genesis 11:5. It turns up in 345 verses across 32 books, a common footprint. The verb spans 3 stems, from Qal to Hiphil. It clusters with מורד, ירד and ירדן under a shared root. See the sense tree, 345-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3381 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 345
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 345 distinct verses.
- 32 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 32 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #130
- by frequency
- Top 250 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 130 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 345 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 345 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 208 verses · 60%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 81 verses · 23%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 56 verses · 16%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Go down 34×, Went down 33×, Came down 32×
- American Standard Version: Went down 36×, Go down 33×, Came down 24×
- Berean Standard Bible: Went down 37×, Go down 28×, Came down 23×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Went down 50×, Go down 40×, And 39×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3381 across 386 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 131 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 2 further occurrences.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3381 across 385 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 136 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3381 across 372 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 134 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 7 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3381 across 480 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 105 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
34 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Hophal (the passive of Hiphil).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 34 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- Pf. יָרַד Ex 19:18 +; יְרַד Ju 5:13(×2) (but read יָרַד or יֵרֵד); רַד 19:11 (read יָרַד), etc.; Impf. יֵרֵד Gn 42:38 +; וַיֵּ֫רֶד Gn 11:5 +; וַיֵּרַ֑ד 2 S 22:10 + 2 times; 3 fs. (אֵשׁ) תֵּ֫רֶד 2 K 1:10, 12; תּרַד Je 13:17 La 3:48; תֵּרֵ֔ד Is 34:5; 63:14; תֵּרֵ֑ד Ez 26:11 (יוֹרִיד Vrss Co); וַתֵּ֫רֶד Gn 24:16 + 7 times; 2 ms. תֵּרֵד Gn 26:2 + 5 times + 1 S 20:19, where read תִּפָּקֵד We Dr, cf. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 1 s. אֵרֵד Gn 37:35 + 3 times; וָאֵרֵד Ex 3:8 + 3 times; cohort. אֵרְדָה־נָא Gn 18:21; יֵרְדוּ 1 S 13:12 + 4 times; וַיֵּרְדוּ Gn 42:3 + 19 times; 3 f. pl. תֵּרַדְנָה Je 14:17 + 2 times; 1 pl. נֵרֵד Gn 43:5; cohort. נֵרְדָה Gn 11:7 + 2 times; וַנֵּ֫רֶד 2 K 10:13; Imv. רֵד Ex 19:21 +; רְדָה Gn 45:9 Ez 32:19; רֵ֑דָה 2 K 1:9, 11; fs. רְדִי Je 48:18 Is 47:1; mpl. רְדוּ Gn 42:2 + 5 times; Inf. abs. יָרֹד Gn 43:20; cstr. רֶ֫דֶת Gn 44:26 +; (מֵ)רְדָה Gn 46:3 (v. Köi. 402); sf. רִדְתִּי ψ 30:10, etc. (in ψ 30:4 read Kt מִיּוֹרְדֵי, so 𝔊 𝔖 Che Bae, v. Ol§§ 160 b, 245 d); Pt. יוֹרֵד Ju 9:36 +; fs. יֹרְדָה La 1:16; (הַ)יֹּרֶ֫דֶת Ec 3:21 1 S 25:30, etc.;— e.g. Exodus 19:18
- 1.
- a. come or go down: from (מִן) a mountain Ex 19:14; 32:1, 15 (all E), 34:29(×2) (JE), Dt 9:15; 10:5 Nu 20:28 (P) +; abs. Ex 19:21, 24 (J), v 25 (J; c. אֶל pers.); from the air, of birds, sq. עַל Gn 15:11 (JE). e.g. Exodus 19:14
- b. go down (usually from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle, abs. Ju 5:14; sq. לָעֵמֶק Ju 1:34; sq. לַשְּׁעָרִים Ju 5:11; sq. אֶל v 10, 11, cf. 1 S 17:8 (sq. אֶל pers.); sq. לִקְרַאת Ju 7:24; sq. אַחֲרֵי pers. 1 S 14:36; sq. ב loc. Ju 7:9; בַּמִּלְחָמָה יֵרֵד וְנִסְפָּה 1 S 26:10, cf. 29:4; 30:24; of single combat, וַיֵּרֶד אֵלָיו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט 2 S 23:21 = 1 Ch 11:23. e.g. Judges 5:14
- c. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor, Ru 3:3, 5; (from David’s palace) to Uriah’s house (אֶל) 2 S 11:9, 10(×2), 13; from temple to (acc.) king’s house Je 36:12 (+ עַל־לִשְׁכַּת הַסֹּפֵר); רֵד בֵּית־מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָח 22:1, etc. e.g. Ruth 3:3
- d. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt Gn 42:3 (E), v 38 (J) + 6 times JE; †sq. אֵלַי Gn 45:9 (E); sq. מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gn 46:3, 4 (E), 12:10; 26:2 (both J), Nu 20:15 (JE); sq. מִצְרַיִם Jos 24:4 (E), Gn 43:15 (J), Is 30:2; 31:1; 52:4; sq. שָׁ֫מָּה Gn 42:2 (E)†; so to Philistine cities Ju 14:19; 16:31 1 S 13:20 Am 6:2. e.g. Genesis 42:3
- e. from Jerusalem, abs. Ju 1:9 1 K 1:25 Ne 6:3 2 Ch 20:16 (to battle); to Jezreel 2 K 8:21 = 9:26 = 2 Ch 22:6; to Samaria 1 K 22:2 = 2 Ch 18:2; (to Gihon) 1 Ki 1:38, etc. e.g. Judges 1:9
- f. from altar ירד מֵעֲשׂוֹת הַחַטָּאת Lv 9:22 (P); from chariot, c. מֵעַל Ju 4:15; from ass, c. מֵעַל 1 S 25:23; from throne, c. מֵעַל Ez 26:16, abs. Is 47:1, cf. רְדִי מִכָּבוֹד Je 48:18; from ships, c. מִן Ez 27:29; from bed, c. מִן 2 K 1:4, 6, 16 (all opp. עלה). e.g. Leviticus 9:22
- g. go down הָעַ֫יְנָה Gn 24:16, 45 (J); sq. לִרְחֹץ עַל הַיְאֹר Ex 2:5 (E), cf. (abs.) 2 K 5:14; sq. acc. הַסֶּלַע 1 S 23:25; יוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם Is 42:10; יוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם בָּאֳנִיּוֹת ψ 107:23; abs. (into pit or well) 2 S 23:30 = 1 Ch 11:22, sq. שָׁם (i.e. בְּאֵר) 2 S 17:18.—וְיָרַדְתִּי Ju 11:37, read וְרַדְתִּי (√ רוד, wander about), RS in Bla. e.g. Genesis 24:16
- h. = sink, in water יָֽרְדוּ בִמְצוֹלוֹת כְּמוֹ־אָ֑בֶן Ex 15:5 (song in E); לְקִצְבֵי הָרִים יָרַדְתִּי Jon 2:7; more gen., opp. rising, יַעֲלוּ הָרִים יֵֽרְדוּ בְקָעוֹת ψ 104:8 mountains rise, valleys sink; יַעֲלוּ שָׁמַיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהוֹמוֹת 107:26. e.g. Exodus 15:5
- i. go down to Sheʾôl: †sq. שְׁא֫וֹלָה Gn 37:35 (J; + אֶל־בְּנִי), Nu 16:30, 33 (JE), Ez 31:15, 17; sq. שְׁאוֹל Ez 32:27 ψ 55:16 Jb 7:6 (opp. עלה); בַּדֵּי שְׁאֹל תֵּרַדְנָה Jb 17:16; abs. Is 5:14 Ez 32:19 (‖ הָשְׁכְּבָה), v 21, 30, ψ 49:15 (sq. אַחֲרָיו); יָֽרְדוּ עֲרֵלִים Ez 32:24; sq. שַׁחַת Jb 33:24, אֶל־שַׁחַת ψ 30:10; sq. בּוֹר ψ 30:4 Qr (Kt יורדי); יוֹרְדֵי אֶל־אַבְנֵי־בוֹר Is 14:19†; יוֹרְדֵי בוֹר ψ 28:1 Ez 26:20(×2) (‖ אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת) + 11 times (v. בּוֹר); †יוֹרְדֵי עָפָר ψ 22:30; יוֹרְדֵי דוּמָה 115:17 (‖ הַמֵּתִים); רַגְלֶיהָ יֹרְדֹת מָ֑וֶת Pr 5:5, cf. 7:27 (‖ דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֹל); note also מִי יוֹדֵעַ … רוּחַ הַבְּהֵמָה הַיֹּרֶדֶת הִיא לְמַטָּה לָאָרֶץ Ec 3:21 (opp. הָעֹלָה הִיא לְמָ֑עְלָה; read חֲיֹרדת, הַעֹלָה, with Vrss, see VB). e.g. Genesis 37:35
- j. fig. יֹרֵד בַּבֶּ֑כִי Is 15:3 going down (dissolving) in tears (‖ יְיֵלֵיל; cf. 3 c). e.g. Isaiah 15:3
- k. = be prostrated, abs., of horses and riders Hg 2:22, cf. Is 34:7, perhaps also Je 48:15; 50:27 (+ לַטָּ֑בַח); forest Is 32:19 Zc 11:2; city Dt 20:20 La 1:9; wall Dt 28:52; nation תֵּרֵד מַ֫טָּה מָ֑טָּה Dt 28:43 (opp. עלה); מַצֵּבוֹה Ez 26:11 + לָאָרֶץ (where Co ויחרדו). e.g. Haggai 2:22
- 2. of divine manifestations: descend, of י׳ in theoph. [= על ההר]יָרַד עָלָיו י׳ בָּאֵשׁ Ex 19:11, 18 (E), v 20 (J; אֶל־רֹאשׁ הָהָר), cf. Ne 9:13; יֵרֵד י׳ צְבָאוֹת לִצְבֹּא עַל־הַר־צִיּוֹן Is 31:4; abs. Gn 11:5, 7; 18:21 Ex 3:8 (all J), Nu 11:17 (JE), 2 S 22:10 = ψ 18:10 (cf. 144:5), Mi 1:3 Is 63:19; 64:2; וַיֵּרֶד י׳ בֶּעָנָן Ex 34:5 Nu 11:25, cf. 12:5 (all JE); of pillar of cloud Ex 33:9 (JE); מִ׳ עָלָה־שָׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַ֡ד Pr 30:4; of angels on סֻלָּם; עֹלִים וְיֹרְדִים בּוֹ Gn 28:12 (E). e.g. Exodus 19:11
- 3. of inanimate things:
- a. hail c. עַל pers. Ex 9:19 (J); dew c. עַל loc. Nu 11:9 (JE), ψ 133:3; rain (as אָבָק and עָפָר), sq. מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם + על pers. Dt 28:24, so in sim. of future king יֵרֵד כְּמָטָר עַל־גֵּז ψ 72:6; of גֶּשֶׁם and שֶׁלֶג, c. מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם Is 55:10; manna (c. עַל loc.) Nu 11:9 (JE); fire from (מִן) heaven 2 K 1:10(×2), 12(×2), 14 2 Ch 7:1, abs. 2 Ch 7:3. e.g. Exodus 9:19
- b. waters, flowing down הַנַּחַל הַיֹּרֵד מִן־הָהָר Dt 9:21, cf. Jos 3:13 (sq. מִלְמָ֑עְלָה), v 16; sq. עַל־יַם הָעֲרָבָה v 16; עַל־הָעֲרָבָה Ez 47:8; sq. מִן 47:1. e.g. Deuteronomy 9:21
- c. tears, פַּלְגֵי־מַיִם יָֽרְדוּ עֵינָ֑י ψ 119:36, and so La 3:48; also עֵינִי יֹרְדָה מַיִם La 1:16, and so Je 9:17; 13:17; 14:17 (cf. also Is 15:3, 1 j). e.g. Psalms 119:36
- d. of oil descending upon (על) beard, etc. ψ 133:2(×2). e.g. Psalms 133:2
- e. of shadow on dial 2 K 20:11 = Is 38:8(×2). e.g. 2 Kings 20:11
- f. of boundary going down (from or to a place) Jos 16:3 (JE), elsewhere P, Nu 34:11(×2), 12 Jos 15:10; 16:7; 17:9; 18:13, 16. e.g. Joshua 16:3
- g. come down, abs. of headdresses, in sign of humiliation Je 13:18. e.g. Jeremiah 13:18
- h. pride of power Ez 30:6. e.g. Ezekiel 30:6
- i. of calamity מֵאֵת י׳ Mi 1:12; עַל־קָדְקְדוֹ הֲמָסוֹ יֵרֵד ψ 7:17; of sword descending on (על) Edom Is 34:5. e.g. Micah 1:12
- j. fig. of words of talebearer; יָֽרְדוּ חַדְרֵי־בָּ֑טֶן Pr 18:8 = 26:22.—Vid. also supr. 1 k. e.g. Proverbs 18:8
Hiphil
- Pf. 3 ms. הוֹרִד 2 K 16:17; וְהוֹרִיד consec. Am 3:11 (We וְהוּרַד); 2 ms. וְהוֹרַדְתָּ֫ 1 K 2:9; 2 fs. sf. הוֹרַדְתֵּנִי Jos 2:18 (v. Baern. and Köi 412); הוֹרִידוּ 1 S 6:15 La 2:10 etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוֹרֶד Ju 7:5 + 5 times (+ 1 K 6:32 Klo, who reads וַיֹּרֶד for וַיָּרֶד, v. רדד); sf. יוֹרִידֵנִי Ob 3; יוֹרִדֵהוּ 1 S 30:16 1 K 17:23; וַיֹּרִדֵם 1 K 18:40; 2 ms. וְלֹא תּוֹרֵד 1 K 2:6; sf. (הֲ)תוֹרִדֵנִי 1 S 30:15, תּוֹרִדֵם ψ 55:24 etc.; Imv. ms. הוֹרֵד Ex 33:5 + 2 times; sf. הוֹרִדֵהוּ Ez 32:18; הוֹרִידֵמוֹ ψ 59:12; fs. הוֹרִידִי La 2:18; mpl. הוֹרִידוּ Gn 43:7, 11; sf. הוֹרִדֻהוּ Gn 44:21; Inf. cstr. לְהוֹרִיד Gn 37:25; sf. הוֹרִדִי Ez 31:16; Pt. מוֹרִיד 1 S 2:6; מֹרִיד 2 S 22:48;—cause to come or go down: e.g. 2 Kings 16:17
- 1.
- a. bring down (to Egypt), c. acc. pers. + שָׁ֫מָּה Gn 39:1 (J); + הֵ֫נָּה 45:13 (E); + אֵלַי 44:21; abs. 43:7; c. acc. rei 43:11; + מִצְרַ֫יְמָה 37:25; abs. 43:22 (all J); from Canaan to desert Dt 1:25 (sq. אֵלֵינוּ); to (אֶל) Amalekites 1 S 30:15(×2); abs. v 16; bring down (obj. pers. vel rei) אֶל־הַמַּיִם Ju 7:4, 5; אֶל־נַ֫חַל Dt 21:4 1 K 18:40; יָ֫מָּה 1 K 5:23; to Gaza (עַזָּ֫תָה) Ju 16:21; from Jerusalem to Gihon, c. עַל (Qr אֶל) 1 K 1:33; to valley of Jehosh. (אֶל) Jo 4:2; from (מִן) temple (to king’s house) 2 K 11:19 = 2 Ch 23:20; from (מֵעַל) altar 1 K 1:53; from (מִן) upper chamber, sq. הַבַּ֫יְתָה 1 K 17:23; from (מִן) the heavens Am 9:2; Edom, from (מִן) nest in rocks Je 49:16 Ob 4; cf. of Isr. כְּעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם Ho 7:12; c. acc. of limit (אֶרֶץ) Ob 3; bring down (from Babylon) into (בְּ) ships Is 43:14 (v. VB). e.g. Genesis 39:1
- b. send down rain (הַגֶּשֶׁם) Ez 34:26, cf. Jo 2:23; = cause to flow down, obj. spittle, וַיּוֹרֶד רִירוֹ אֶל־זְקָנוֹ 1 S 21:14; tears הוֹרִידִי כַנַּחל דִּמְעָה La 2:18; water-streams וַיּוֹרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֹת מָ֑יִם ψ 78:16. e.g. Ezekiel 34:26
- c. = lay prostrate, prostrate הוֹרִיד מִמֵּךְ עֻזֵּךְ Am 3:11 (where however We reads וְהוּרַד) cf. Pr 21:22; וְאוֹרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֹשְׁבִים Is 10:13; of God’s casting down peoples ψ 56:8 Is 63:6 (sq. לָאָרֶץ); מוֹרִיד עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּנוּ 2 S 22:48 (וַיַּדְבֵּר in ‖ ψ 18:48); so perhaps Babylonians, like lambs, לִטְבֿוֹחַ Je 51:40; so ψ 59:12 (si vera l.; 𝔖 וַהֲנִידֵמוֹ make them vagabonds, v. LagProph. Chald. (1872), xlviii. VB Hup Now Che Bae Dr2 S 15:20). e.g. Amos 3:11
- d. bring down to Sheʾôl י׳ מֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מוֹרִיד שְׁאוֹל וַיָּ֑עַל׃ 1 S 2:6; sq. שְׁא(וֹ)ל also 1 K 2:6, 9; sq. שְׁא֫וֹלָה (obj. grey hair) Gn 42:38; 44:29, 31 (all J); cf. Ez 26:20; 31:16; 32:18; sq. לִבְאֵר שַׁחַת ψ 55:24; לַשַּׁחַת Ez 28:8. e.g. 1 Samuel 2:6
- 2. take down (from cart) 1 S 6:15; the sea from upon (מֵעַל) the brazen oxen 2 K 16:17; corpse from (מִן) tree Jos 8:29, and (מֵעַל) 10:27 (both JE); the מִשְׁכָּן Nu 1:51 (P); the פָּרֹכֶת Nu 4:5 (P); take off ornaments מֵעָלֶיךָ Ex 33:5 (JE). e.g. 1 Samuel 6:15
- 3. let down וַתֹּ֫רֶד כַּדָּהּ עַל־יָדָהּ Gn 24:18, so, with מֵעָלֶיהָ v 46, to give one a drink; וַיּוֹרִדוּ אִישׁ אֶת־אַמְתַּחְתּוֹ אָ֑רְצָה Gn 44:11 (all J); obj. pers. Jos 2:18, בַּחֶבֶל בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן v 15 (both JE); בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן 1 S 19:12; cf. also הוֹרִידוּ לָאָרֶץ רֹאשָׁן בְּתוּלֹת יְרוּשָׁלַםִ La 2:10 the virgins of Jerusalem have bowed down their heads to the ground. e.g. Genesis 24:18
Hophal
- Pf. הוּרַד Gn 39:1 + 2 times + 1 S 30:24 Kt (Qr Qal Pt.); וְהוּרַד consec. Zc 10:11; 2 ms. וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ Ez 31:18; Impf. 2 ms. תּוּרַד Is 14:15;— e.g. Genesis 39:1
- 1. be brought down מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gn 39:1 (J); בַּמִּלְחָמָה 1 S 30:24 Kt (v. supr.); to She’ôl הוּרַד שְׁאוֹל גְּאוֹנֶךָ Is 14:11 (of king of Babylon); אֶל־שְׁאוֹל תּוּרַד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי־בוֹר v 15; וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ אֶל־אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית Ez 31:18; וְהוּרַד גְּאוֹן אַשּׁוּר Zc 10:11.—In Am 3:11 We reads וְהוּרַד ממך (v. Hiph. supr.) e.g. Genesis 39:1
- 2. be taken down, of the מִשְׁכָּן Nu 10:7 (P). e.g. Numbers 10:7
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
vb. come or go down, descend (NH id.; MI32 וארד and רד; Assyrian arâdu, DlHWB 240; Arabic وَرَدَ come to, arrive at, also descend; Ethiopic ወረደ descend; Sab. ורד and הורד id., DHM in MV)—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
יָרַד
- (b. h.) to move about, run; esp. to go down; י׳ ל־ to enter; י׳ מ־ to leave. Tanḥ. B’ḥuck. 5 (ref. to וירדתי, Jud. XI, 37) וכי … יוֹרֵד על ההרים … עולים להרים does one go down on the mountains, do not men go up to &c.?; ib. הניחני ואֵרֵד אצל ב"ד (ed. Bub. 7 ואלך) give me leave that I may go down to the court-house; Yalk. Jud. 67. Men. 109ᵇ מה זה שלא י׳ לה כך when this one (Shimei) who was not permitted to enter into it (the office) became so jealous, היוֹרֵד לה וכ׳ how much more so is he who once has entered it (and is to be ousted). Ib. כל האומר לי לֵירֵד ממנה וכ׳ whoever would ask me to resign it (the office), I would throw at him &c.—Taan. 8ᵇ יָרְדוּ גשמים it rains. Ib. 8ᵃ אין גשמים יוֹרְדִים וכ׳ the rain falls only for the sake of the men of faith. Cant. R. to I, 2ᵇ מה מים יורדין וכ׳ as the water (rain) comes down in drops.—י׳ לנכסי to take possession of, seize, administer property. B. Mets. 38ᵇ היוֹרֵד לנ׳ שבוים he who takes possession of the property of captives. Tosef. Keth. VIII, 2, sq.; a. fr.—י׳ מנכסיו to be compelled to leave an estate, to become poor (cmp. B. Mets. 38ᵇ היוֹרֵד לנ׳ שבוים he who takes possession of the property of captives. Tosef. Keth. VIII, 2, sq.; a. fr.—י׳ מנכסיו to be compelled to leave an estate, to become poor (cmp. דִּלְדִּל). Gen. R. s. 71; Lam. R. to III, 4; Ned. 64ᵇ; a. fr.—(קרבן) עוֹלֶה ויוֹרֵד a sacrifice of higher or lesser value according to pecuniary conditions (Lev. V, 6—11). Shebu. 21ᵃ. Hor. II, 7 (9ᵃ); a. fr.—[For other idiomatic uses, v. עָלָה.]—Part. pass. יָרוּד q. v. e.g. Judges 11:37
- to let down, bring down; to lower. Taan. 8ᵃ בשעה שהשמים … מִלְּהוֹרִיד וכ׳ ed. (Ms. M., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) when the heavens are locked up so as not to let down rain. Lev. R. s. 1 ירד שה׳ את התורה Moses is surnamed Yered (I Chr. IV, 18) because he brought down the Law; שה׳ את חשכינה וכ׳ he caused the Divine Presence to come down &c. Y. Ber. IV, 7ᵈ top לא הוֹרִידוּ אותו מגדולתו they did not remove him from his position. Sot. 13ᵇ (ref. to Gen. XXXIX, 1) א"ת הוּרַד אלא הוֹרִיד שה׳ וכ׳ read not ‘he was brought down’, but ‘he did bring down’, for he (Joseph) was the cause of the removal of the astronomers of Pharaoh from their positions.—Y. B. Kam. IV, 4ᵇ top הוֹרִידָן מנכסיהן he drove them out of their estates (cmp. Bab. B. Kam. 38ᵃ); a. v. fr.—ה׳ לנכסי (v. supra) to appoint as administrator. B. Mets. 38ᵇ מוֹרִידִין קרוב לנ׳ שבוי we may appoint a relative (presumptive heir) an administrator of the estate of a captive; a. fr.—לא מעלה ולא מוריד neither raises nor lowers, i.e. has no effect or influence. Ḥull. 45ᵇ. Gitt. 52ᵃ, a. e. דברי חלומות לא מעלין ולא מוֹרִידִין dreams must not be regarded. Men. V, 6, a. e. מעלה ומוריד moves upward and downward.—[Tosef. Par. IX (VIII), 6 שהוא מוריד, v. מוֹרִיר.]—מעלין … ולא מורידין, v. עָלָה. e.g. 1 Chronicles 4:18
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 263 distinct written forms H3381 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 203 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3381, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → 2 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 330 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 345 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 11:5
- Exodus 2:5
- Leviticus 9:22
- Numbers 1:51
- Deuteronomy 1:25
- Joshua 2:15
- Judges 1:9
- Ruth 3:3
- 1 Samuel 2:6
- 2 Samuel 5:17
- 1 Kings 1:25
- 2 Kings 1:4
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
