Ezekiel 32:25

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

They have set her a bed in the midst of the slain with all her multitude; her graves are round about her; all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword; for their terror was caused in the land of the living, and they have borne their shame with those who go down to the pit: he is put in the midst of those who are slain.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

Septuagint runs shorter here — compare

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חִתִּיתָ֜ם

chittîyth

H2851

“terror · their”

Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural

Appears 9× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Ezekiel 26:17

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H2865

TWOT: 784f

terror

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

26: words
19: distinct lemmas
Prophets: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is חִתִּיתָ֜ם terror H2851 — appearing just 9 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

חִתִּיתָ֜ם terror H2851 occurs in 8 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

5 verbs
13 nouns
5 adjectives
2 prepositions
1 conjunction

Verb forms

נָתְנ֨וּ Qal · Perfect
נִתַּ֨ן Niphal · Perfect
וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
י֣וֹרְדֵי Qal · Participle Active
נִתָּֽן Niphal · Participle Active

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

חֲ֠לָלִים slain H2491 ×3
נָתְנ֨וּ to give H5414 ×3
בְּת֣וֹךְ midst H8432 ×2
בְּכָל all H3605 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 66 words from the Hebrew and 6 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Ezekiel 32:25 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Psalms 139:8 If I ascend up into heaven, you are there. If I make my bed in Sheol, behold, you are there!
2 Samuel 1:20 Don't tell it in Gath, Don't publish it in the streets of Ashkelon; Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, Lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
1 Chronicles 10:4 Then said Saul to his armor-bearer, Draw your sword, and thrust me through therewith, lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me. But his armor-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell on it.
Ezekiel 32:19 Whom do you pass in beauty? Go down, and be laid with the uncircumcised.
Ezekiel 32:21 The strong among the mighty shall speak to him out of the midst of Sheol with those who help him: they are gone down, they lie still, even the uncircumcised, slain by the sword.
Ezekiel 44:7 in that you have brought in foreigners, uncircumcised in heart and uncircumcised in flesh, to be in my sanctuary, to profane it, even my house, when you offer my bread, the fat and the blood, and they have broken my covenant, [to add] to all your abominations.
Ezekiel 44:9 Thus says the Lord Yahweh, No foreigner, uncircumcised in heart and uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter into my sanctuary, of any foreigners who are among the children of Israel.
Luke 12:4–5 "I tell you, my friends, don't be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do.

Acts 7:51 "You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit! As your fathers did, so you do.
Revelation 2:22 Behold, I will throw her into a bed, and those who commit adultery with her into great oppression, unless they repent of her works.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 6 words vs World English Bible 66. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Ezekiel 32:25 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

בְּת֣וֹךְ חֲ֠לָלִים נָתְנ֨וּ מִשְׁכָּ֥ב לָהּ֙ בְּכָל הֲמוֹנָ֔הּ סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֖יו קִבְרֹתֶ֑הָ כֻּלָּ֣ם עֲרֵלִ֣ים חַלְלֵי חֶ֡רֶב כִּֽי נִתַּ֨ן חִתִּיתָ֜ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֗ים וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ כְלִמָּתָם֙ אֶת י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֔וֹר בְּת֥וֹךְ חֲלָלִ֖ים נִתָּֽן

They have set her a bed in the midst of the slain with all her multitude; her graves are round about her; all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword; for their terror was caused in the land of the living, and they have borne their shame with those who go down to the pit: he is put in the midst of those who are slain.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Ezekiel 32:25 Septuagint · lemma form

ἐν μέσος τραυματίας

in the midst of the slain.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

בְּגוֹ קְטִילַיָא אִתְמַנָא בֵּית מִשְׁכַּבְהוֹן לְהוֹן בְּכָל אִתְרְגוּשַׁתְהוֹן סָחֲרָנוּתְהוֹן קִבְרֵיהוֹן כּוּלְהוֹן חַיָבַיָא קְטִילֵי חַרְבָּא דְאִתְמְסָרוּ לִתְּבַר עַל דְשַׁלִיטוּ בְּאַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְקַבִּילוּ אִתְכְּנָעוּתְהוֹן עִם נַחֲתֵי גוֹב בֵּית אַבְדָנָא בְּגוֹ קְטִילַיָא אִתְמְסִירוּ:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Ezekiel 32:25 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Eze 32:25 They have set her a bed in the midst of the slain with all her multitude: her graves [are] round about him: all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword: though their terror was caused in the land of the living, yet have they borne their shame with them that go down to the pit: he is put in the midst of [them that be] slain.

Ver. 25. They have set her a bed,] i.e., The devils have set the Persian multitude a bed, but an uneasy one, such as they set for that rich wretch, {Luk 12:19-20} who thought to take his ease, but was not suffered.

With all her multitude.] The grave is the "congregation house of all living." {Job 30:23} Hell is of many dead, that die in their sins.

He is put in the midst.] In the hottest fire of hell.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

a bed--a sepulchral niche.

all . . . slain by . . . sword, &c.-- (Eze 32:21, Eze 32:23-24). The very monotony of the phraseology gives to the dirge an awe-inspiring effect.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

25. though their terror] for their terror … and they have borne, &c. The verse is greatly a repetition of Eze_32:24, and is wanting in LXX., except the words “in the midst of the slain,” which are attached to Eze_32:24. The words “that are gone down to the pit” usually close the verse, Eze_32:18; Eze_32:24; Eze_32:29-30; and if the verse be retained the last clause should probably be omitted as an accidental repetition of the first clause, due to the copyist’s eye straying from “pit” in 25 to “pit” in 24. The three words retained in LXX. cannot stand by themselves.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

They have set her bed in the midst of the slain, with all her multitude,.... The grave is called a bed, Isa 57:2, whereon is put the sepulchral chest or coffin, in which the body is laid, and rests as on a bed. It may here design a stately sepulchre or coffin in it, with a magnificent monument over it for the king of Elam, with his army, and the generals of it slain in battle, placed all around him, in less stately beds, coffins, and graves, as explained in the next clause:

her graves are round about him; the king of Persia and his grave, surrounded with the graves of his soldiers and officers:

all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword: though their terror was caused in the land of the living, yet have they borne their shame with them that go down to the pit; which is repeated for the confirmation of it:

he is put in the midst of them that be slain; the king of Elam or Persia; he is laid among the slain, having fallen with them, and his grave is placed in the midst of them.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Some conceive the prophet may allude to the manner of burying with the Persians who had their coffins, or sepulchral chests, in which with balms and spices the dead were kept, and these chests placed in midst of places provided for them; in such is the king of Elam here placed with his slaughtered captains about him: see Eze 32:23.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

They have set her a bed. The noun is used for the sleeping-place of the dead the cemetery, if we trace that word to its root in Isa_57:2; 2Ch_16:14. In the rest of the verse Ezekiel reiterates what had been said in Ver. 24 with an emphatic solemnity. In the Hebrew, as in the English, there is a constant variation in the pronouns used, now masculine, now feminine, now singular.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

A bed - The Persians had their coffins, in which with balms and spices, the dead were kept, in the midst of places provided for them; in such is the king of Elam here placed with his slaughtered captains about him. All the honour he can now pretend to, is to be buried in the chief sepulchre.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

they provided a bed for her for Elam.

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Ezekiel, in the Prophets, opens this verse with 26 words (19 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is chittîyth (“terror”). The Greek Septuagint runs shorter here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word chittîyth carries the sense “terror.” How does it shape the verse?
How does Ezekiel 26:17, which shares the word «terror», read alongside this verse?
What does the repetition of “slain” (3× in this one verse) do in this verse?
The Septuagint runs shorter here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
«נָתְנ֨וּ» is a Qal Perfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Jamieson, Fausset & Brown read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 29 words in this verse.
“slain” occurs 3× in this single verse.
19 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 26 words in this verse.