שלם
to be at peace
‘to be at peace’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Piel verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Piel
- An intensive or resultative active stem. Here: ‘complete’
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”). Here: ‘complete’
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘be complete’
- Pual
- The passive counterpart of the Piel. Here: ‘be performed’
- Hophal
- The passive counterpart of the Hiphil (“he was caused to…”).
Form
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Cohortative
- A first-person volitional form expressing wish or resolve (“let me / let us write”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
- Participle Passive
- A verbal adjective expressing action received (“written”).
- Jussive
- A third- or second-person volitional form expressing wish or command (“let him write”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
80 distinct verses where H7999 appears in the Piel stem, across 21 books. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 1 verse
Exodus 14 verses
- Exodus 21:34 יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם Piel impf 3ms the owner of the pit shall make it good. He shall give money to its owner, and the dead animal shall be his.
- Exodus 21:36 שַׁלֵּ֨ם יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם Piel inf.abs Piel impf 3ms Or if it is known that the bull was in the habit of goring in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall surely pay bull for bull, and the dead animal shall be his own.
- Exodus 22:1 יְשַׁלֵּם֙ Piel impf 3ms "If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it, or sells it; he shall pay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.
- Exodus 22:3 שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם Piel inf.abs Piel impf 3ms If the sun has risen on him, there shall be guilt of bloodshed for him; he shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
- Exodus 22:4 יְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel impf 3ms If the stolen property is found in his hand alive, whether it is ox, donkey, or sheep, he shall pay double.
- Exodus 22:5 יְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel impf 3ms "If a man causes a field or vineyard to be eaten, and lets his animal loose, and it grazes in another man's field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field, and from the best of his own vineyard.
- Exodus 22:6 שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם Piel inf.abs Piel impf 3ms "If fire breaks out, and catches in thorns so that the shocks of grain, or the standing grain, or the field are consumed; he who kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
- Exodus 22:7 יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם Piel impf 3ms "If a man delivers to his neighbor money or stuff to keep, and it is stolen out of the man's house; if the thief is found, he shall pay double.
- Exodus 22:9 יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם Piel impf 3ms For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, 'This is mine,' the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.
- Exodus 22:11 יְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel impf 3ms the oath of Yahweh shall be between them both, whether he hasn't put his hand to his neighbor's goods; and the owner of it shall accept it, and he shall not make restitution.
- Exodus 22:12 יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם Piel impf 3ms But if it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to the owner of it.
- Exodus 22:13 יְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel impf 3ms If it is torn in pieces, let him bring it for evidence. He shall not make good that which was torn.
- Exodus 22:14 שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel inf.abs Piel impf 3ms "If a man borrows anything of his neighbor's, and it is injured, or dies, the owner of it not being with it, he shall surely make restitution.
- Exodus 22:15 יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם Piel impf 3ms If the owner of it is with it, he shall not make it good. If it is a leased thing, it came for its lease.
Leviticus 4 verses
- Leviticus 5:16 יְשַׁלֵּ֗ם Piel impf 3ms He shall make restitution for that which he has done wrong in the holy thing, and shall add a fifth part to it, and give it to the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and he will be forgiven.
- Leviticus 6:5 וְ/שִׁלַּ֤ם conj + Piel wpf 3ms or any thing about which he has sworn falsely; he shall restore it even in full, and shall add a fifth part more to it. To him to whom it belongs he shall give it, in the day of his being found guilty.
- Leviticus 24:18 יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑/נָּה Piel impf 3ms + sfx pers 3fs He who strikes a animal mortally shall make it good, life for life.
- Leviticus 24:21 יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑/נָּה Piel impf 3ms + sfx pers 3fs He who kills an animal shall make it good; and he who kills a man shall be put to death.
Deuteronomy 3 verses
- Deuteronomy 7:10 וּ/מְשַׁלֵּ֧ם יְשַׁלֶּם conj + Piel ptcp.act ms Piel impf 3ms and repays those who hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him who hates him, he will repay him to his face.
- Deuteronomy 23:21 לְ/שַׁלְּמ֑/וֹ prep + Piel inf.cs + sfx pers 3ms When you shall vow a vow to Yahweh your God, you shall not be slack to pay it: for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you; and it would be sin in you.
- Deuteronomy 32:41 אֲשַׁלֵּֽם Piel impf 1cs If I whet my glittering sword, My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to my adversaries, Will recompense those who hate me.
Judges 1 verse
Ruth 1 verse
1 Samuel 1 verse
2 Samuel 3 verses
- 2 Samuel 3:39 יְשַׁלֵּ֧ם Piel juss 3ms I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for me. May Yahweh reward the evil-doer according to his wickedness."
- 2 Samuel 12:6 יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם Piel impf 3ms He shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity!"
- 2 Samuel 15:7 וַ/אֲשַׁלֵּ֛ם conj + Piel coh 1cs It happened at the end of forty years, that Absalom said to the king, please let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed to Yahweh, in Hebron.
1 Kings 1 verse
2 Kings 2 verses
- 2 Kings 4:7 וְ/שַׁלְּמִ֖י conj + Piel impv 2fs Then she came and told the man of God. He said, Go, sell the oil, and pay your debt, and live you and your sons of the rest.
- 2 Kings 9:26 וְ/שִׁלַּמְתִּ֥י conj + Piel wpf 1cs Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, says Yahweh; and I will requite you in this plat, says Yahweh. Now therefore take and cast him into the plat [of ground], according to the word of Yahweh.
Job 7 verses
- Job 8:6 וְ֝/שִׁלַּ֗ם conj + Piel wpf 3ms If you were pure and upright, Surely now he would awaken for you, And make the habitation of your righteousness prosperous.
- Job 21:19 יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם Piel impf 3ms You say, 'God lays up his iniquity for his children.' Let him recompense it to himself, that he may know it.
- Job 21:31 יְשַׁלֶּם Piel impf 3ms Who shall declare his way to his face? Who shall repay him what he has done?
- Job 22:27 תְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel impf 2ms You shall make your prayer to him, and he will hear you. You shall pay your vows.
- Job 34:11 יְשַׁלֶּם Piel impf 3ms For the work of a man will he render to him, And cause every man to find according to his ways.
- Job 34:33 יְשַׁלְמֶ֨/נָּה Piel impf 3ms + sfx pers 3fs Shall his recompense be as you desire, that you refuse it? For you must choose, and not I. Therefore speak what you know.
- Job 41:11 וַ/אֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם conj + Piel impf 1cs Who has first given to me, that I should repay him? Everything under the heavens is mine.
Psalms 15 verses
- Psalms 22:25 אֲ֝שַׁלֵּ֗ם Piel impf 1cs Of you comes my praise in the great assembly. I will pay my vows before those who fear him.
- Psalms 31:23 וּ/מְשַׁלֵּ֥ם conj + Piel ptcp.act ms Oh love Yahweh, all you his saints! Yahweh preserves the faithful, And pays back him who deals proudly in full.
- Psalms 35:12 יְשַׁלְּמ֣וּ/נִי Piel impf 3mp + sfx pers 1cs They reward me evil for good, To the bereaving of my soul.
- Psalms 37:21 יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם Piel impf 3ms The wicked borrow, and don't pay back, But the righteous give generously.
- Psalms 38:20 וּ/מְשַׁלְּמֵ֣י conj + Piel ptcp.act mp cs They who also render evil for good are adversaries to me, Because I follow what is good.
- Psalms 41:10 וַֽ/אֲשַׁלְּמָ֥ה conj + Piel coh 1cs But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me, and raise me up, That I may repay them.
- Psalms 50:14 וְ/שַׁלֵּ֖ם conj + Piel impv 2ms Offer to God the sacrifice of thanksgiving. Pay your vows to the Most High.
- Psalms 56:12 אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם Piel impf 1cs Your vows are on me, God. I will give thank offerings to you.
- Psalms 61:8 לְֽ/שַׁלְּמִ֥/י prep + Piel inf.cs + sfx pers 1cs So I will sing praise to your name forever, That I may fulfill my vows daily.
- Psalms 62:12 תְשַׁלֵּ֖ם Piel impf 2ms Also to you, Lord, belongs loving kindness, For you reward every man according to his work.
- Psalms 66:13 אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם Piel impf 1cs I will come into your temple with burnt offerings. I will pay my vows to you,
- Psalms 76:11 וְ/שַׁלְּמוּ֮ conj + Piel impv 2mp Make vows to Yahweh your God, and fulfill them! Let all of his neighbors bring presents to him who is to be feared.
- Psalms 116:14 אֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם Piel impf 1cs I will pay my vows to Yahweh, Yes, in the presence of all his people.
- Psalms 116:18 אֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם Piel impf 1cs I will pay my vows to Yahweh, Yes, in the presence of all his people,
- Psalms 137:8 שֶׁ/יְשַׁלֶּם ptcl rel + Piel impf 3ms Daughter of Babylon, doomed to destruction, He will be happy who rewards you, As you have served us.
Proverbs 7 verses
- Proverbs 6:31 יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם Piel impf 3ms But if he is found, he shall restore seven times. He shall give all the wealth of his house.
- Proverbs 7:14 שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי Piel pf 1cs "Sacrifices of peace-offerings are with me. This day I have paid my vows.
- Proverbs 13:21 יְשַׁלֶּם Piel impf 3ms Misfortune pursues sinners, But prosperity rewards the righteous.
- Proverbs 19:17 יְשַׁלֶּם Piel impf 3ms He who has pity on the poor lends to Yahweh; He will reward him.
- Proverbs 20:22 אֲשַׁלְּמָה Piel coh 1cs Don't say, "I will pay back evil." Wait for Yahweh, and he will save you.
- Proverbs 22:27 לְ/שַׁלֵּ֑ם prep + Piel inf.cs If you don't have means to pay, Why should he take away your bed from under you?
- Proverbs 25:22 יְשַׁלֶּם Piel impf 3ms For you will heap coals of fire on his head, And Yahweh will reward you.
Ecclesiastes 2 verses
- Ecclesiastes 5:4 לְ/שַׁלְּמ֔/וֹ שַׁלֵּֽם prep + Piel inf.cs + sfx pers 3ms Piel impv 2ms When you vow a vow to God, don't defer to pay it; for he has no pleasure in fools. Pay that which you vow.
- Ecclesiastes 5:5 תְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel impf 2ms It is better that you should not vow, than that you should vow and not pay.
Isaiah 5 verses
- Isaiah 19:21 וְ/שִׁלֵּֽמוּ conj + Piel wpf 3cp Yahweh shall be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians shall know Yahweh in that day; yes, they shall worship with sacrifice and offering, and shall vow a vow to Yahweh, and shall perform it.
- Isaiah 57:18 וַ/אֲשַׁלֵּ֧ם conj + Piel impf 1cs I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts to him and to his mourners.
- Isaiah 59:18 יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel impf 3ms Piel impf 3ms According to their deeds, accordingly he will repay, wrath to his adversaries, recompense to his enemies; to the islands he will repay recompense.
- Isaiah 65:6 שִׁלַּ֔מְתִּי וְ/שִׁלַּמְתִּ֖י Piel pf 1cs conj + Piel wpf 1cs Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence, but will recompense, yes, I will recompense into their bosom,
- Isaiah 66:6 מְשַׁלֵּ֥ם Piel ptcp.act ms A voice of tumult from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of Yahweh that renders recompense to his enemies.
Jeremiah 7 verses
- Jeremiah 16:18 וְ/שִׁלַּמְתִּ֣י conj + Piel wpf 1cs First I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double, because they have polluted my land with the carcasses of their detestable things, and have filled my inheritance with their abominations.
- Jeremiah 25:14 וְ/שִׁלַּמְתִּ֥י conj + Piel wpf 1cs For many nations and great kings shall make bondservants of them, even of them; and I will recompense them according to their deeds, and according to the work of their hands.
- Jeremiah 32:18 וּ/מְשַׁלֵּם֙ conj + Piel ptcp.act ms who show loving kindness to thousands, and recompense the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them; the great, the mighty God, Yahweh of Hosts is his name;
- Jeremiah 50:29 שַׁלְּמוּ Piel impv 2mp Call together the archers against Babylon, all those who bend the bow; encamp against her round about; let none of it escape: recompense her according to her work; according to all that she has done, do to her; for she has been proud against Yahweh, against the Holy One of Israel.
- Jeremiah 51:6 מְשַׁלֵּ֖ם Piel ptcp.act ms Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and save every man his life; don't be cut off in her iniquity: for it is the time of Yahweh's vengeance; he will render to her a recompense.
- Jeremiah 51:24 וְ/שִׁלַּמְתִּ֨י conj + Piel wpf 1cs I will render to Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, says Yahweh.
- Jeremiah 51:56 שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם Piel inf.abs Piel impf 3ms for the destroyer is come on her, even on Babylon, and her mighty men are taken, their bows are broken in pieces; for Yahweh is a God of recompenses, he will surely requite.
Ezekiel 1 verse
Hosea 1 verse
Joel 2 verses
- Joel 2:25 וְ/שִׁלַּמְתִּ֤י conj + Piel wpf 1cs I will restore to you the years that the swarming locust has eaten, The great locust, the grasshopper, and the caterpillar, My great army, which I sent among you.
- Joel 3:4 מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים Piel ptcp.act mp "Yes, and what are you to me, Tyre, and Sidon, And all the regions of Philistia? Will you repay me? And if you repay me, I will swiftly and speedily return your repayment on your own head.
Jonah 1 verse
Nahum 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
שלם (shâlam) is a Hebrew verb most often rendered “to be at peace.” Where the King James Version says “pay,” newer translations reach for “repay” (Berean Standard Bible) and “compensate” (unfoldingWord Literal Text); the renderings breakdown has the detail. The Hebrew Bible uses it across 107 verses — common. Debuting at Genesis 44:4, it then recurs through the corpus. Different stems carry different senses — BDB groups them under 5 stems, among them Qal and Piel. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7999 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 107
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 107 distinct verses.
- 25 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 25 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #377
- by frequency
- Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 377 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 107 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 107 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 44 verses · 41%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 40 verses · 37%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 23 verses · 21%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 4 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Pay 9×, He shall restore 5×, I will pay 5×
- American Standard Version†: Pay 7×, I will pay 5×, Shall make it good 3×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Repay 7×, Fulfill 5×, I will fulfill 5×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Compensate 6×, He shall 6×, And 5×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7999 across 116† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 71 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7999 across 116† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 78 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7999 across 109† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 60 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 7 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7999 across 134† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 55 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
25 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Pual (the passive of Piel) and Hophal (the passive of Hiphil).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 25 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
שלם I be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb 376 GACooke 99, also 81, 111, etc.
Qal
- Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁלְמוּ Is 60:20; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Jb 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם 1 K 7:51 + 2 times;— e.g. Isaiah 60:20
- 1. be complete, finished, ended: temple 1 K 7:51 = 2 Ch 5:1; walls of city Ne 6:15; of time Is 60:20. e.g. 1 Kings 7:51
- 2. be sound, uninjured, Jb 9:4. e.g. Job 9:4
Piel
- Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּם Lv 5:24 +, 1 s. וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Je 16:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלֵּם Ex 21:34 +; sf. יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Lv 24:18 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלֵּם Ec 5:3 ψ 50:14, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁלֵּם Ex 21:36 +; cstr. id. Pr 22:27, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּם Dt 7:10 +, etc.;— e.g. Leviticus 5:24
- 1. complete, finish, temple 1 K 9:25. e.g. 1 Kings 9:25
- 2. make safe, c. acc. Jb 8:6. e.g. Job 8:6
- 3. make whole or good, restore thing lost Jo 2:25, or stolen Ex 21:37 (E); pay a debt 2 K 4:7 ψ 37:21 Pr 22:27; Jb 41:3; make compensation, for injury Lv 24:18, 21 (P); for trespass in sacred things 5:16 (P). e.g. Joel 2:25
- 4. make good, i.e. pay, vows, c. acc. נֶדֶר Dt 23:22; 2 S 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) ψ 50:14; 66:13; 116:14, 18; obj. om. 76:12; abs. Is 19:21; c. acc. תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God ψ 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Ho 14:3 (v. p. 830b). e.g. Deuteronomy 23:22
- 5. requite, recompense, reward, good 1 S 24:20; Ru 2:12; evil Is 65:6; Je 51:56; c. ל pers. Dt 7:10 + 4 times, + (c. acc. rei) Je 51:24; אל pers. Jb 21:19; acc. rei Pr 20:22; Je 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Is 59:18(×2), (but v. i. שִׁלֵּם), 66:6 + (v. גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Jb 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Jo 4:4; עַל חֵיק Is 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Je 32:18; †c. ל pers. and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works 2 S 3:39 + 3 times; acc. pers. ψ 31:24; acc. rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Gn 44:4 (J) ψ 35:12; 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי). e.g. 1 Samuel 24:20
Pual
- Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּם ψ 65:2 Je 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Pr 11:31; 13:13;— e.g. Psalms 65:2
- 1. be performed, of vow ψ 65:2. e.g. Psalms 65:2
- 2. be repaid, requited, Je 18:20; Pr 11:31; 13:13. e.g. Jeremiah 18:20
Hiphil
- 1. complete, perform: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁלִים Jb 23:14; Is 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v 28. e.g. Job 23:14
- 2. make an end of, 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Is 38:12, 13 (𝔊 Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic). e.g. Isaiah 38:12
שלם II complete, safe, at peace
- 1. complete:
- a. full, perfect: אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה full weight Dt 25:15; Pr 11:1, אֵיפָה שׁ׳ Dt 25:15; of עָוֹן Gn 15:16 (JE); number of captives Am 1:6, 9; of army Na 1:12 (text corrupt; 𝔊 משֵׁל מַיִם, but?; v. Comm.); of reward Ru 2:12; of stones, whole (in natural condition, unhewn) Dt 27:6; Jos 8:31 (cf. law Ex 20:25). e.g. Deuteronomy 25:15
- b. finished: i.e. hewn stones 1 K 6:7; temple 2 Ch 8:16. e.g. 1 Kings 6:7
- 2. safe, unharmed, of pers. Gn 33:18 (P; Sam. שׁלוֹם, cf. בשׁלום 28:21; not n.pr.loc. as Vrss). e.g. Genesis 33:18
- 3. in covt. of peace, friendship, c. אֵת Gn 34:21 (P); לֵבָב שָׁלֵם עִם י׳ a mind at peace with י׳, keeping covt. relation, hence complete, perfect, 1 K 8:61; 11:4; 15:3, 14; c. אֶל 2 Ch 16:9, אֶל om. 2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3 (לֵב), 1 Ch 12:38; 29:19; 2 Ch 15:17; 19:9; 25:2; לֵב 1 Ch 28:9; 29:9. e.g. Genesis 34:21
שלם III loc. abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.v.), and perhaps (Gunk Dr) intended as archaism Gn 14
שלם IV denom. be in covenant of peace
Qal
- Imv. שְׁלָ֑ם Jb 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Pt. sf. שׁוֹלְמִי ψ 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (cf. 41:10); Pt. pass. cstr. שְׁלֻמֵי 2 S 20:19, read שָׂמוּ EwG iii.264 Ges 130 f.N.4 Dr (cf. We). e.g. Job 22:21
Pual
- Pt. מְשֻׁלָּם Is 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but 𝔊 משְׁלָם their ruler, so CheHpt; Ges Hi Ew al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, cf. √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי). e.g. Isaiah 42:19
Hiphil
- Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Jos 10:4; 11:19; 3 mpl. הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ 10:1; Impf. יַשְׁלִים Is 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Pr 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם 1 K 22:45, etc.;— e.g. Joshua 10:4
- 1. make peace with, אֶת, Jos 10:1, 4; 2 S 10:19 = 1 Ch 19:19 (עִם); עִם Dt 20:12 1 K 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Jos 11:19 submitting unto. e.g. Joshua 10:1
- 2. cause to be at peace, אֶת, Pr 16:7. e.g. Proverbs 16:7
Hophal
- Pf. 3 fs. הָשְׁלְמָה Jb 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית). e.g. Job 5:23
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb 376 GACooke 99, also 81, 111, etc.; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, 𝔗 peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); cf. Sab. סלם peace HomChr 124, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Di 322 security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lzb 376, especially = submission, in n.pr. RSSem. 79 f.; Bondi 70 (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);—
II. adj. complete, safe, at peace;—שׁ׳ Gn 15:16 +; pl. שְׁלֵמִים Gn 34:21; Na 1:12; f. שְׁלֵמָה Dt 25:15 +; pl. שְׁלֵמוֹת 27:6 Jos 8:31;—
III. n.pr.loc. abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.v.), and perhaps (Gunk Dr) intended as archaism Gn 14:18, cf. (poet.) ψ 76:3 (‖ צִיּוֹן); v. JosAnt. i, 10, 2; 𝔊 Σαλημ and (ψ) εἰρήνη.
I. vb. denom. be in covenant of peace;—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
שָׁלֵם
- (b. h.) to be whole, complete; to end, cease. Y. Sot. VIII, 22ᶜ bot. שלום שבימיו שָׁלְמָה וכ׳ Zedekiah was named Shallum, because in his days ended the reign of the house of Judah; Y. Shek. VI, 49ᵈ top; Y. Hor. III, 47ᶜ bot.; Bab. Hor. 11ᵇ; Ker. 5ᵇ ששלם (corr. acc.); Yalk. Kings 250; Yalk. Chr. 1085. Pesik. R. s. 6 (ref. to I Kings VII, 51) כיון שבא … עכשיו שלמה מלאכת וכ׳ when Solomon came and built the Temple, the Lord said, now the work of heaven and earth (creation) is complete; Yalk. Kings 186 שְׁלֵימָה. Pesik. R. l. c. כיון שהִשְׁלִימוּ … שלמה נפשם when the workmen had finished their work, their life was finished (they died); Yalk. l. c.; a. e. e.g. 1 Kings 7:51
- 1. to complete, finish. Pesik. R. l. c., v. supra. Y. R. Hash. I, 57ᵃ top; Y. Shebi. II, 34ᵃ top מכיון שהוא עומד … מַשְׁלִים שנתו since he stands in (has entered) the third year of the tree, he may count it a full year. Yoma 33ᵃ (ref. to Lev. VI, 5, play on עליה … השלמים) עליה הַשְׁלֵם כל וכ׳ with it (the evening sacrifice) cease all sacrifices (none can be offered after it). B. Kam. 10ᵃ החופר … והִשְׁלִימָהּ לעשרה if one digs a pit nine cubits deep, and another comes and completes it to the legal size of ten. Ber. 47ᵇ שחרר … והִשְׁלִימוֹ וכ׳ he freed his slave and used him to complete the quorum of ten persons. Ib. 8ᵇ המשלים פרשיותיו, v. פָּרָשָׁה I. Pesik. R. l. c. לכך נקרא שלמה שה׳ … לתוך מעשה ידיו he is called Sh’lomoh (perfect), because God caused the work of creation to be perfected through his handiwork (the Temple); Yalk. Kings l. c.; a. fr.—Esp. to finish the fast-day. Taan. VII, 9 יַשְׁלִימוּ they must fast the whole day. Yoma 82ᵃ מַשְׁלִימִין they must fast to the end of the day; a. fr.—Part. pass. מוּשְׁלָם perfect, virtuous. Hor. l. c. he was named Shallum שהיה מ׳ במעשיו Ag. Hatt. (ed. משולם) because he was perfect in his deeds; Yalk. Kings 250; Yalk. Chr. l. c. e.g. Leviticus 6:5
- 2. (denom. of שָׁלוֹם) to make friends, or to surrender. Succ. 52ᵃ (ref. to Prov. XXV, 22) א"ת יְשַׁלֵּם אלא יַשְׁלִימֶנּוּ לך read not y’shallem (he will pay) but, he will surrender him (the evil spirit) to thee; (comment.; he will make him be friends with thee).—Part. pass. as ab. Num. R. s. 74 אחד עשר יום היו מוּשְׁלָמִים לאלהים eleven days were they (the Israelites) at peace with God (adhered to him sincerely); כ"ט יום … מוּשְׁלָמִין twenty-nine days they were sincere servants of God, opp. עשו את העגל. Ib. אינם מושלמים לי וכ׳ (ed. Wil. משלמים, corr. acc.) they will be faithful to me only forty days. Gen. R. s. 16, beg. מ׳ לבוראו faithful to his Creator; a. e. e.g. Proverbs 25:22
- to be finished, to end. Tanḥ. Mishp. 19 המלאך אומר נ׳ פלוני the angel says, such and such has ended (must die).
- 1. to perfect.—Part. pass. מְשׁוּלָּם. Hor. l. c., v. supra. Yalk. Lev. 458 מְשׁוּלָּמִים, v. שָׁלוֹם.
- 2. to compensate, reward, pay. Pesik. R. l. c. (play on ותשלם, I Kings VII, 51) עלי לשַׁלֵּם להם מתן שכר it is for me to pay them their reward. Ib. עלי לשלם לו it is for me to compensate it (the month of Kislev) for its loss; ומה ש׳ לו וכ׳ and wherewith did he compensate it? With the dedication under the Hasmonean house. Y. Taan. II, 65ᵇ top (ref. to Mic. VII, 3) שַׁלֵּם לי וַאֲשַׁלֵּם לך (the judge says,) pay me, and I shall pay thee (decide in thy favor). B. Kam. I, 1 חב המזיק לשלם וכ׳ he that caused the damage is bound to pay &c. Ib. 4 משַׁלֵּם נזק שלם must pay the full indemnity. B. Mets. III, 1 ש׳ ולא רצה וכ׳ if he pays in preference to making oath. B. Bath. III, 4 מְשַׁלְּמִין לו את הכל they must pay him in full. Ab. II, 16 שׁיְשַׁלֵּם, v. שָׂכָר; a. v. fr. e.g. 1 Kings 7:51
שִׁלֵם
- 1. to be perfect, complete, finished, spent. Targ. Ex. XXXIX, 32. Targ. Gen. XLVII, 15 (Y. II חסיל). Targ. O. Ex. XXIII, 2 שְׁלַם (ed. Berl. שָׁלִים); a. v. fr.—M. Kat. 28ᵇ דשְׁלִימוּ וכ׳, v. זְוָדָא.
- 2. to be peaceful, sincere, friendly; v. שְׁלִים.
- 1. to complete, finish, fulfil. Targ. II Sam. XXII, 26; Targ. Ps. XVIII, 26. Targ. Job XXIII, 14 (ed. Wil. שַׁלְיֵם, corr. acc.). Targ. Y. II, Ex. XII, 42, v. שְׁלָה; a. fr.—Y. Snh. I, 19ᵃ top קם ר׳ נתן וא׳ R. N. stood up and completed the verse. Ber. 8ᵇ אַשְׁלִימוּ וכ׳ finish your readings, keeping pace with the congregation, v. פָּרָשָׁה I. Taan. 25ᵇ סבר לאַשְׁלוּמינְהוּ he wanted them to finish the fast; a. fr.
- 2. to fill, set. Targ. Ex. XXVIII, 17; XXXIX, 10 (h. text מלא). Ib. XXXI, 5.
- 3. to make peace, be at peace. Targ. Josh. X, 1; 4. Targ. II Sam. X, 9. Ib. XX, 18; a. e.
- 4. (with בתר) to follow exactly, faithfully. Targ. Num. XIV, 24 (h. text מלא). Targ. Deut. I, 36. Targ. I Kings XI, 6.
- 5. to surrender, hand over, entrust. Targ. Deut. XXXII, 30 (h. text הסגיר). Targ. Ex. XXXI, 3 אשל׳ עימיה וכ׳ I entrusted to him &c. (h. text ואמלא אותו); a. e.—B. Mets. 85ᵃ אַשְׁלְמֵיה לר׳ שמעון וכ׳ he gave him in charge of R. S. (to teach him). Yoma 83ᵇ אַשְׁלִימוּ ליה וכ׳ they gave him their money-bags in trust; a. e.
- 1. to complete; to supply. Targ. I Kings IX, 25.
- 2. (with בתר) to follow. Targ. O. Ex. XX, 5; Targ. Jer. XXXII, 18.
- 3. to recompense, pay. Ib. Targ. Ex. XXI, 34; 36. Targ. Job XX, 10; a. fr.—B. Kam. 13ᵇ בעית לשַׁלּוּמֵי את you would have to pay; בעינא לשלומי must I pay? Ib. 53ᵃ לִישַׁלֵּם האי פלגא וכ׳ let this one pay half, and the other one half; a. fr.
- 1. to be paid; to be rewarded, recompensed. Targ. Ps. LXV, 2. Targ. Prov. XIX, 17 Ms. (ed. מְשַׁלֵּם). Targ. Is. XLII, 19; a. e.—Pes. 28ᵃ מִשְׁתְּלִים, v. גִּירָאָה. B. Kam. l. c. כל היכא … לאִשְׁתַּלּוּמֵי מהאי מִשְׁתַּלֵּם מהאי where indemnity cannot be had from him (who dug the pit), it may be had from him (who owns the pit). Ib. מה דאית לי לאשתלומי מהאיך מִשְׁתַּלַּמְנָא … משתלמנא ממך whatever I can get from him I take; what I cannot get from him, I must get from you; a. fr.
- 2. to be perfect. Meg. 23ᵃ he was called Meshullam, דמִישְּׁלַם בעובדיה (Ms. M. דמוּשְׁלָם Hebraism) because he was perfect in his conduct, v. שָׁלַם; Yalk. Neh. 1070 דמִשְּׁלַם.
שָׁלֵם II
- preced.) whole, complete. Naz. 44 לאביו בזמן שהוא ש׳ וכ׳ ‘for his father’ (Lev. XXI, 2) as long as his body is intact (he may defile himself by contact), but not when it is defective. B. Kam. I, 4, a. fr. נזק ש׳ (abbrev. נ"ש), v. נֵזֶק. Gen. R. s. 79 (ref. to Gen. XXXIII, 18) ש׳ בגופו intact in his body; ש׳ בבניו intact in his children; ש׳ בממונו unimpaired in his possessions; ש׳ בתלמודו whole in his learning (having forgotten nothing of his paternal lessons). Sifra Vayikra, N’dabah, Par. 13, ch. XVI (play on שְׁלָמִים) מי שחוא ש׳ מביא שלמים היה אונן וכ׳ Ar. (ed. שָׁלוֹם) if he is whole (mourns over no loss), he may bring a peace-offering, if he is a mourner, he dare not. Ib. כל קרבן … היה ש׳ מביא וכ׳ whatever sacrifice he may offer, if he is whole, he may &c. Nidd. V, 3 כחתן ש׳, v. חָתָן; a. fr.—B. Kam. 116ᵇ נותן לו שכרו מִשָּׁ׳ he must pay him the full (promised) reward, opp. אין לו אלא שכרו he can claim only the ordinary wages for his labor.—Pl. שְׁלֵמִים, שְׁלֵמִין, שְׁלֵי׳. Sifra l. c. Ber. 39ᵇ פתיתין וש׳ broken pieces of bread and whole loaves. Sabb. 98ᵇ ש׳ solid boards, opp. דנִיסְרָא; a. fr.—Fem. שְׁלֵמָה, שְׁלֵי׳. Zeb. 5ᵃ משנה ש׳ a perfect (undisputed) Mishnah. Ber. l. c. פרוסה של חיטין וש׳ וכ׳ if there is before you a piece of wheat bread, and a whole loaf of barley bread. Ib. מניח … בתוך הש׳ he places the broken with the whole loaf. Ib. וש׳ משנתך (Ms. M. ושלום) and what thou teachest is perfect. Tosef. ib. IV, 15. Men. 65ᵇ ולא תהא תורה ש׳ שלנו וכ׳ should not our perfect Torah pass for as much as your idle talk?; a. fr.—[Y. Pes. II, 29ᵇ bot. מצה שלמה, v. שְׁלֹמֹה.]—Pl. שְׁלֵמוֹת, שְׁלֵי׳. Treat. S’maḥoth ch. VIII, end (ref. to Deut. XXVII, 6) ומה אבנים … יהיו ש׳ לפני בני תורה … יהיו שלימים לפני הקב"ה וכ׳ of stones (for the altar) which do not see …, because they make peace between Israel and their father in heaven, the Lord says, they must be whole before me, how much more must scholars, I who are an atonement for the world, be whole before the Lord!; a. e. e.g. Leviticus 21:2
שְׁלָם
- = h. שָׁלוֹם, perfection, soundness, health, peace. Targ. Ps. XXXVIII, 4. Targ. Gen. XLIII, 23. Ib. 27. Targ. Jud. XI, 13. Targ. Deut. XX, 10 (Y. ed. Vien. לְשׁלֵּם, corr. acc.). Ib. 11 (Y. I דִּשְׁלֵם, corr. acc.; a. fr.).—Taan. 24ᵇ they called to me in my dream, ש׳ טב לרב טב וכ׳ good health to the good teacher from the good Lord &c. Ib. 9ᵇ ליזלו רבנן בש׳ may our teachers (you) go in peace. Yoma 71ᵇ, v. עֲמַם II; a. v. fr.—שאל בש׳ to inquire after the health of; to salute. Targ. Gen. XLIII, 27; a. fr. (v. also סְעַר I).—Y. Ber. II, 4ᵇ, a. e. לא שאיל בשְׁלָמֵיה, v. זְעֵיר II; ib. דלא שאל בשְׁלָמִי he did not salute me. Ber. 9ᵇ כי … שאיל בשְׁלוֹמֵיה וכ׳ when you go up there (to Palestine), greet my brother &c.; a. fr.—יהב ש׳ to offer peace, salute. Taan. 23ᵃ sq. יהבו ליה ש׳ ולא וכ׳ they saluted him, but he did not look at them in a friendly way (give no sign of recognition). Ib.ᵇ מ"ט כי יהיבנא למר ש׳ וכ׳ when we saluted you, why did you make no recognition? Gitt. 62ᵃ מקדים ויהיב להו ש׳ saluted them (gentiles) first; a. fr.—V. בִּשְׁלָמָא.
שָׁלֵם ²
- ; pl. שַׁלְמִין; שַׁלְמַן, v. שְׁלִים.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 85 distinct written forms H7999 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 25 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H7999, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
- שלום shâlôwm H7965 peace
- שלום shillûwm H7966 reward
- שלם shᵉlam H8000 to finish
- שלם shelem H8002 peace offering
- שלם shâlêm H8003 complete
- שלם shillêm H8005 recompense
- שלמן shalmôn H8021 reward
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
- משלם Mᵉshullâm H4918 Meshullam
- משלמות Mᵉshillêmôwth H4919 Meshillemoth
- משלמיה Mᵉshelemyâh H4920 Meshelemiah
- משלמית Mᵉshillêmîyth H4921 Meshillemith
- שולמית Shûwlammîyth H7759 Shulamite
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 13 — not the complete family. 5 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 93 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 107 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 44:4
- Exodus 21:34
- Leviticus 5:16
- Deuteronomy 7:10
- Joshua 10:1
- Judges 1:7
- Ruth 2:12
- 1 Samuel 24:19
- 2 Samuel 3:39
- 1 Kings 22:44
- 2 Kings 4:7
- 1 Chronicles 19:19
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
