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πονηρός

evil

‘evil’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓

G4190 Strong's Greek
ponērós Transliteration
/pon-ay-ros'/ Pronunciation
Usage in the GNT 77 appearances

Compare with another word →

About this entry

At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.

πονηρος — transliterated ponērós — is a Greek adjective carrying the sense “evil.” It first appears in Matthew 5:11. With 71 verses in 20 books, it is a moderately common word in the Greek New Testament. Its uses concentrate in Matthew (32% of all occurrences). Its lexical range runs to 2 senses. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.

Gloss history

Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship

Strong's · 1890
bad
Modern gloss
evil
Strong's 1890 sometimes compressed multiple senses — or homonymous roots — under one number, and used 19th-century English phrasing that no longer carries the same connotation. The modern gloss reflects current Thayer scholarship; open the Lexicon Entry tab for the full sense breakdown. Download share card

About this word

Strong's G4190 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.

These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →

71
distinct verses
The word appears in 71 distinct verses.
20 / 27
NT books
The word appears in 20 of 27 New Testament books.
Matthew 5:11
first appearance
The earliest occurrence is in Matthew 5:11.
Revelation 16:2
last appearance
The latest occurrence is in Revelation 16:2.
#220
by frequency
Top 250 most frequent Greek words (rank 220 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).

View all 71 occurrences in the concordance →


Most concentrated in

By section of the New Testament

  • Gospels 38 · 54%
  • Acts 8 · 11%
  • Pauline Epistles 13 · 18%
  • General Epistles 11 · 15%
  • Revelation 1 · 1%

By traditional corpus

Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 71 distinct verses.

  • Gospels 38 verses · 54%
  • Lukan (Luke–Acts) 18 verses · 25%
  • Pauline corpus 13 verses · 18%
  • Johannine 11 verses · 15%
  • General (Catholic) Epistles 9 verses · 13%
  • Hebrews 2 verses · 3%
  • Revelation 1 verse · 1%

How translations render this word

Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).

  • King James Version: Evil 48×, Wicked 9×, Wicked one 4×
  • American Standard Version: Evil 46×, Evil one 11×, Wicked 4×
  • Berean Standard Bible: Evil 46×, Wicked 10×, Bad 5×
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text: Evil 46×, Evil one 13×, Wicked 8×

King James Version Public Domain

Renders G4190 across 76 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Evil” 48×
  • “Wicked” 9×
  • “Wicked one” 4×
  • “Thou wicked” 3×
  • “Evil things” 2×
  • “Is evil” 2×

Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

American Standard Version Public Domain

Renders G4190 across 76 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Evil” 46×
  • “Evil one” 11×
  • “Wicked” 4×
  • “Is evil” 3×
  • “Evil things” 2×
  • “Thou wicked” 2×

Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

Berean Standard Bible Public Domain

Renders G4190 across 77 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Evil” 46×
  • “Wicked” 10×
  • “Bad” 5×
  • “Evil one” 2×
  • “Evils” 2×
  • “More wicked” 2×

Plus 10 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.

unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0

Renders G4190 across 76 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Evil” 46×
  • “Evil one” 13×
  • “Wicked” 8×
  • “Bad” 2×
  • “Evil things” 2×
  • “Evils” 2×

Plus 3 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.


Senses in Thayer's

The 2 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.

  1. full of labours, annoyances, hardships
  2. bad, of a bad nature or condition

Word origin

Derived from πονος (pónos) (G4192) — intense desire.

Part of speech: Adjective TDNT: 15:06,9

From a derivative of G4192 ; hurtful that is evil (properly in effect or influence and thus differing from G2556 which refers rather to essential character as well as from G4550 which indicates degeneracy from original virtue); figuratively calamitous ; also (passively) ill that is diseased ; but especially (morally) culpable that is derelict vicious facinorous ; neuter (singular) mischief malice or (plural) guilt ; masculine (singular) the devil or (plural) sinners : - bad evil grievous harm lewd malicious wicked (-ness). See also G4191 .

— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.


Forms in the corpus

The 22 distinct written forms G4190 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that case’s occurrences in the concordance.

Form Parsing Example Uses
πονηροῦ ponēroû Adjective, Genitive, Singular, Masculine Matthew 5:37 12
πονηρὰ ponērà Adjective, Accusative, Plural, Neuter Matthew 9:4 9
πονηρόν ponērón Adjective, Accusative, Singular, Neuter Luke 6:45 6
πονηρὸν ponēròn Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Neuter Acts 19:15 6
πονηρὸς ponēròs Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Masculine Matthew 6:23 6
πονηρῶν ponērō̂n Adjective, Genitive, Plural, Neuter Luke 3:19 5
πονηροὺς ponēroùs Adjective, Accusative, Plural, Masculine Matthew 5:45 5
πονηρά ponērá Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Feminine Luke 11:29 4
πονηροῖς ponēroîs Adjective, Dative, Plural, Neuter Colossians 1:21 3
πονηροὶ ponēroì Adjective, Nominative, Plural, Masculine Matthew 7:11 3
πονηραί ponēraí Adjective, Nominative, Plural, Feminine Ephesians 5:16 2
πονηρούς ponēroús Adjective, Accusative, Plural, Masculine Matthew 22:10 2
πονηρός ponērós Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Masculine Matthew 20:15 2
πονηρὲ ponērè Adjective, Vocative, Singular, Masculine Matthew 25:26 2
πονηρᾷ ponērâ Adjective, Dative, Singular, Feminine Matthew 12:45 2
πονηρῷ ponērō̂ Adjective, Dative, Singular, Masculine Matthew 5:39 2
Πονηροὶ Ponēroì Adjective, Nominative, Plural, Masculine 2 Timothy 3:13 1
πονηράν ponērán Adjective, Accusative, Singular, Feminine Acts 25:18 1
πονηρέ ponēré Adjective, Vocative, Singular, Masculine Matthew 18:32 1
πονηροί ponēroí Adjective, Nominative, Plural, Masculine Matthew 15:19 1
πονηρότερα ponērótera Adjective, Accusative, Plural, Neuter, Comparative Matthew 12:45 1
πονηρᾶς ponērâs Adjective, Genitive, Singular, Feminine Hebrews 10:22 1

Same root — word family

Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G4190, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.

Derives from

Derived from this word

Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.


Septuagint usage

The same Greek word πονηρος appears 296 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 284 verses in 31 books.

296
LXX occurrences
Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
284
verses
Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
31 / 39
OT books
The word appears in 31 of the 39 Old Testament books.

Sample Septuagint occurrences

Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)

Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G4190) appears in the Greek Septuagint — showing the first 50 of 284. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.

These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G4190) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.

Reading settings

Reading text

Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

Comparing translations? Open the Compare panel on any verse page to stack up to four side by side.