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עֲבֹדָה

service

‘service’ is one of 5 main senses fuller range ↓

H5656 Strong's Hebrew
ʻăbôdâh Transliteration
/ab-o-daw'/ Pronunciation
Usage in the Hebrew Bible 145 appearances

Compare with another word →

About this entry

At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.

The Hebrew noun עבדה centers on the idea of “service.” The lexicon spreads it across several senses; see its full sense range. The Hebrew Bible uses it across 125 verses — common. Numbers dominates its distribution — 44 of 125 verses. Its earliest occurrence is Genesis 29:27. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.

Gloss history

Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship

Strong's · 1890
act
Modern gloss
service
Strong's 1890 sometimes compressed multiple senses — or homonymous roots — under one number, and used 19th-century English phrasing that no longer carries the same connotation. The modern gloss reflects current BDB scholarship; open the Lexicon Entry tab for the full sense breakdown. Download share card

About this word

Strong's H5656 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.

These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →

125
distinct verses
The word appears in 125 distinct verses.
15 / 39
OT books
The word appears in 15 of 39 Old Testament books.
Genesis 29:27
first appearance
The earliest occurrence is in Genesis 29:27.
Ezekiel 44:14
last appearance
The latest occurrence is in Ezekiel 44:14.
#309
by frequency
Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 309 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).

View all 125 occurrences in the concordance →


Most concentrated in

By section of the Old Testament

  • Pentateuch 74 · 59%
  • Historical 43 · 34%
  • Wisdom 2 · 2%
  • Prophets 6 · 5%

By traditional corpus

Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 125 distinct verses.

  • Torah (Pentateuch) 74 verses · 59%
  • Writings (Ketuvim) 44 verses · 35%
  • Prophets (Nevi'im) 7 verses · 6%

How translations render this word

Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).

  • King James Version: Service 67×, Servile 11×, Work 7×
  • American Standard Version: Service 64×, Servile 11×, Work 9×
  • Berean Standard Bible: Service 51×, Work 23×, Labor 7×
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text: Service 60×, Service of 46×, Labor 14×

King James Version Public Domain

Renders H5656 across 141 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Service” 67×
  • “Servile” 11×
  • “Work” 7×
  • “All the service” 6×
  • “Bondage” 6×
  • “All manner of service” 3×
  • “All their service” 3×
  • “Is the service” 3×
  • “According to all their service” 2×
  • “Act” 2×
  • “Any manner of service” 2×
  • “Servitude” 2×

Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 25 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

American Standard Version Public Domain

Renders H5656 across 140 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Service” 64×
  • “Servile” 11×
  • “Work” 9×
  • “All the service” 7×
  • “Bondage” 4×
  • “Is the service” 4×
  • “All their service” 3×
  • “According to all their service” 2×
  • “Act” 2×
  • “All the service thereof” 2×
  • “All the work” 2×
  • “Every kind of service” 2×

Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 26 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

Berean Standard Bible Public Domain

Renders H5656 across 127 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Service” 51×
  • “Work” 23×
  • “Labor” 7×
  • “Task” 5×
  • “Bondage” 3×
  • “Is the service” 3×
  • “Duties” 2×
  • “Regular” 2×
  • “Serving” 2×

Plus 29 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 18 further occurrences.

unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0

Renders H5656 across 152 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Service” 60×
  • “Service of” 46×
  • “Labor” 14×
  • “Slavery” 7×
  • “Work” 5×
  • “Work of” 4×
  • “Of” 2×
  • “The” 2×

Plus 12 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.


Senses in the full BDB

What do BDB’s symbols mean?

BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:

Symbol Meaning
𝔊 the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX)
𝔙 the Vulgate (the Latin translation)
𝔖 the Syriac version (the Peshitta)
𝔗 the Targum (the Aramaic translation)
ψ the Psalms
√ root (the underlying root or stem)
‖ parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel)
† the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited

The 4 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.

  • 1. †labour, work, ψ 10423; in the field Ex 1:14; 1 Ch 27:26, prob. Ne 10:38 (עָרֵי ע׳), ψ 10414 (עֵשֶׂב לע׳); in fine linen 1 Ch 4:21; in erection of tabernacle Ex 35:24; 36:1, 3, 5; 39:42 (P); in repairing temple 2 Ch 34:13(×2); כל מלאכת עבדה לא תעשׂוּ ye shall do no laborious work Lv 23:7, 8, 21, 25, 35, 36; Nu 28:18, 25, 26; 29:1, 12, 35 (P); fig. of man, ע׳ הַצְּדָקָה Is 32:17 (‖ מַעֲשֵׂה הַצּ׳); of God’s work of judgment Is 28:21(×2). e.g. Psalms 104:23
  • 2. labour of servant or slave: of Jacob for Laban Gn 29:27; 30:26 (JE); ע׳ עֶבֶד of bondservant Lv 25:39 (P); of the Nethinim Ezr 8:20; service of things, vessels of tabernacle and temple Nu 4:26, 32 (P), 1 Ch 9:28; 28:14(×2), 15. e.g. Genesis 29:27
  • 3. labour, service of captives or subjects: of Israel in Egypt Ex 1:14; 2:23(×2) (P), 5:11 (E), 6:6 (P); כבד(ה) הע׳ 5:9 (E), Ne 5:18; ע׳ קשׁה Ex 1:14; 6:9 (P), Dt 26:6; 1 K 12:4 = 2 Ch 10:4; Is 14:3; מֵרֹב ע׳ La 1:3; ע׳ ממלכוֹת 2 Ch 12:8; ע׳ המלך 1 Ch 26:30; ע׳ אדניהם Ne 3:5; military service Ez 29:18(×2). e.g. Exodus 1:14
  • 4. service of God, in P Chr Ez: by people Jos 22:27 (P) 2 Ch 12:8, feast of passover Ex 12:25, 26; 2 Ch 35:10, 16, unleavened bread Ex 13:5; Levites and priests Nu 4:19, 49; 8:11; 1 Ch 24:3, 19; 2 Ch 8:14; 31:16; ע׳ מתנה Nu 18:7; Levites Ex 38:21; Nu 4:24, 27(×2), 28, 33, 47(×2); 7:7, 8; 8:26; 18:21; 1 Ch 6:17; 2 Ch 31:2; c. בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד v 4, 23, 31, 33, 35, 39, 43; 8:19, 22; 18:31; אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Ex 30:16; Nu 4:30; 7:5; 8:24; 18:4, 6, 21, 23, cf. Ex 35:21; Nu 7:5; (ה)מִשְׁכָּן Ex 39:32, 40; Nu 3:7, 8; 16:9; 1 Ch 6:33, cf. Ex 27:19; Nu 3:36; 1 Ch 23:26; ע׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Nu 7:9, cf. 3:31; of its court v 26; more specif. ע׳ משׂא 4:47; צבא הע׳ 8:25; ע׳ בית י׳ (ה)אלהים 1 Ch 23:24, 28, 32; 25:6; 28:13(×2), 21(×2); 29:7; 2 Ch 29:35; 31:21; 35:2; Ne 10:33; מלאכת ע׳ בית האלהים 1 Ch 9:13; 28:20; 2 Ch 24:12; מעשׂה ע׳ 1 Ch 23:28; its service Ez 44:14; 1 Ch 9:19; specif. service of Levit. singers 25:1(×2), and doorkeepers 26:8; 2 Ch 35:15. e.g. Joshua 22:27

Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.


Word origin

and (Chr) עֲבוֹדָה 145 n.f. labour, service (on format. v. LagBN 179 BaNB 61);—ע׳ Ex 1:14 + 41 times; cstr. עֲבֹדַת 3016 + 43 times; sf. עֲבֹדָתִי Gn 30:26 + 33 times sfs.; in Chr עֲבוֹדָה 1 Ch 28:14 + 7 times; cstr. עֲבוֹדַת 633 + 13 times; sf. עֲבוֹדָתִי 2 Ch 12:8; עֲבוֹדָתָם 1 Ch 6:17; 2 Ch 31:16;—

— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.

Derived from עבד (ʻâbad) (H5647) — to serve.

Part of speech: Noun Feminine TWOT: 1553c


Forms in the corpus

The 79 distinct written forms H5656 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.

Form Parsing Example Uses
עֲבֹדָ֖ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 1:14 14
עֲבֹדַ֥ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Exodus 36:3 7
עֲבֹדַ֖ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Exodus 30:16 6
לַ/עֲבֹדַ֖ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 23:24 5
עֲבֹדָתֽ/וֹ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Isaiah 28:21 5
הָ/עֲבֹדָ֖ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 2:23 4
הָ/עֲבֹדָ֥ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 12:25 4
עֲבֹדַת֙ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Exodus 38:21 4
עֲבוֹדַ֥ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 9:13 4
לַ/עֲבֹדָ֖ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Numbers 4:35 3
עֲבֹ֣דָת֔/וֹ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Exodus 35:21 3
עֲבֹדַ֣ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Exodus 36:1 3
עֲבֹדַ֤ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Joshua 22:27 3
עֲבֹדָתָ֑/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Numbers 4:26 3
בַּ/עֲבֹדַ֖ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Nehemiah 3:5 2
הָ/עֲבֹדָֽה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 2:23 2
הָ/עֲבוֹדָ֑ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 1 Chronicles 9:28 2
וַ/עֲבוֹדָ֑ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 1 Chronicles 28:14 2
לַ/עֲבֹדַ֣ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Ezra 8:20 2
מֵ/עֲבֹדַ֨ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Kings 12:4 2
עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Exodus 1:14 2
עֲבֹֽדָתָ/ם֙ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Numbers 8:22 2
עֲבֹדַ֗ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Numbers 4:28 2
עֲבֹדָת֖/וֹ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Numbers 4:19 2
עֲבֹדָתָ֖/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Numbers 4:31 2
עֲבוֹדַ֣ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 28:13 2
בַּ/עֲבֹדָ֣ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 1:14 1
בַּ/עֲבֹדָה֙ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Genesis 29:27 1
בַּ/עֲבֹדָתָֽ/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 24:3 1
בַּ/עֲבוֹדַ֣ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 2 Chronicles 31:21 1
הָ/עֲבֹדָ֑ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Numbers 8:25 1
הָ/עֲבֹדָ֛ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 5:9 1
הָ/עֲבוֹדָ֔ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 1 Chronicles 9:19 1
הָֽ/עֲבֹדָה֙ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 36:5 1
וְ/לַ/עֲבֹדַ֖ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 26:30 1
וְֽ/לַ/עֲבֹ֖דָת֣/וֹ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Psalms 104:23 1
וַ/עֲבֹדַ֥ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Numbers 4:47 1
וַ/עֲבֹדָ֖ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Numbers 8:26 1
וַ/עֲבוֹדַ֖ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 2 Chronicles 12:8 1
וַ/עֲבוֹדָֽה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 1 Chronicles 28:14 1
וַֽ/עֲבֹדַת֙ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Isaiah 32:17 1
וּ/מֵ/עֲבֹדָ֖ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Exodus 6:9 1
כַּ/עֲבוֹדַ֖ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 28:15 1
לַ/עֲב֣וֹדָתָ֔/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 2 Chronicles 31:16 1
לַ/עֲבֹדַת֙ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 23:28 1
לַ/עֲבֹדָ֑ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 1 Chronicles 26:8 1
לַ/עֲבֹדָ֗ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 1 Chronicles 25:1 1
לַ/עֲבֹדָתָ֗/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 24:19 1
לַ/עֲבֹדָתָֽ/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 25:1 1
לַ/עֲבֹדָתֽ/וֹ Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 23:26 1
לַ/עֲבוֹדַ֖ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 2 Chronicles 35:2 1
לַ/עֲבוֹדַ֣ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 Chronicles 29:7 1
לַ/עֲבוֹדָ֖ה Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 2 Chronicles 34:13 1
מֵ/עֲבֹדַתְ/כֶ֖ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Exodus 5:11 1
מֵ/עֲבֹדָתָ֑/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Exodus 6:6 1
עֲב֣וֹדָתִ֔/י Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 2 Chronicles 12:8 1
עֲבֹ֥דַת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Leviticus 25:39 1
עֲבֹֽדַתְ/כֶ֖ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Numbers 18:31 1
עֲבֹֽדָתָ֔/ם Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 2 Chronicles 35:15 1
עֲבֹדַ֔ת Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct Numbers 4:24 1

The 60 most common forms are shown; 19 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.


Same root — word family

Other BDB entries built from the same root as H5656, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.

Derives from

Shares the same root

Proper names from this root

People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.

Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 15 — not the complete family. 7 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.


Septuagint verse parallels

This word appears in 118 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 125 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.

Read these verses in the Septuagint

This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.

Reading settings

Reading text

Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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