כָּרַת
to cut
also: cut off, cut down, cut out, eliminate fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Qal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
- Preposition
- A relational word (e.g. “in,” “to,” “from”) governing a noun.
Stem
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”). Here: ‘cut off’
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘cut off’
- Niphal
- Usually the simple passive or reflexive of the Qal (“he was written”). Here: ‘be cut off’
- Hophal
- The passive counterpart of the Hiphil (“he was caused to…”).
- Pual
- The passive counterpart of the Piel. Here: ‘be cut off’
Form
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Cohortative
- A first-person volitional form expressing wish or resolve (“let me / let us write”).
- Jussive
- A third- or second-person volitional form expressing wish or command (“let him write”).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
- Participle Passive
- A verbal adjective expressing action received (“written”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Person
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Every verse where H3772 appears in the Book of Hosea — 4 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Hosea
- Hosea 2:18 וְ/כָרַתִּ֨י conj + Qal wpf 1cs In that day I will make a covenant for them with the animals of the field, And with the birds of the sky, And with the creeping things of the ground. I will break the bow, the sword, and the battle out of the land, And will make them lie down safely.
- Hosea 8:4 יִכָּרֵֽת Niphal impf 3ms They have set up kings, but not by me. They have made princes, and I didn't approve. Of their silver and their gold they have made themselves idols, That they may be cut off.
- Hosea 10:4 כָּרֹ֣ת Qal inf.abs They make promises, swearing falsely in making covenants. Therefore judgment springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of the field.
- Hosea 12:1 יִכְרֹ֔תוּ Qal impf 3mp Ephraim feeds on wind, And chases the east wind. He continually multiplies lies and desolation. They make a covenant with Assyria, And oil is carried into Egypt.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
The Hebrew verb כרת centers on the idea of “to cut.” Its English rendering has broadened — “shall be cut off” classically, “cut” (unfoldingWord Literal Text) in modern versions; see the renderings breakdown. Spanning 280 verses in 33 books, it ranks among the common words of the Hebrew Bible. Its earliest occurrence is Genesis 9:11. Read the stem: it spans 5 stems, including Qal and Niphal. Dig into 280-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3772 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 280
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 280 distinct verses.
- 33 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 33 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #169
- by frequency
- Top 250 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 169 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 280 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 280 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 169 verses · 60%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 67 verses · 24%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 44 verses · 16%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Shall be cut off 27×, Cut off 26×, Made 23×
- American Standard Version: Cut off 22×, Shall be cut off 22×, Made 20×
- Berean Standard Bible: Cut off 26×, Made 19×, I will cut off 16×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Cut 35×, Cut off 29×, Shall be cut off 21×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3772 across 288 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 97 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3772 across 288 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 102 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3772 across 283 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 80 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 5 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3772 across 337 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 67 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
29 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Pual (the passive of Piel) and Hophal (the passive of Hiphil).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 29 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- Pf. כ׳ Gn 15:18 + 19 times; 2 ms. כָּרָ֑תָּ Dt 20:20; 1 s. כָּרַתִּי Ex 34:27 + 15 times; + 8 times Pf.; Impf. יִכְרֹת Jb 40:28 + 21 times; 2 ms. תִּכְרָת־ Is 57:8; 1 s. אֶכְרוֹת Is 61:8; 1 S 11:2; אֶכְרְתָה Is 55:3; 3 mpl. יִכְרֹ֑תוּ Ho 12:2 ψ 83:6; 1 pl. נִכְרְתָה Gn 26:28; 31:44; sf. נִכְרְתֶנּוּ Je 11:19; + 31 times Impf.; Imv. כְּרָת־ 1 S 11:1; כָּרְתָה 2 S 3:12; + 4 times Imv.; Inf. abs. כָּרֹת Ho 10:4; כָּרוֹת Ne 9:8; cstr. כְּרֹת Je 34:8 + 2 times; כְּרָת־ Is 44:14 + 2 times; כְּרוֹת 2 Ch 2:7; 29:10; sf. כָּרְתִי 1 S 24:12; Pt. act. כֹּרֵת Ex 34:10 + 3 times; + 3 times Pt. act.; pass. כָּרוּת Lv 22:24; cstr. כְּרוּת Dt 23:2; pl. כְּרֻת[וֹ]ת 1 K 7:12 + 3 times;— e.g. Genesis 15:18
- 1. cut off:
- a. things: c. acc. foreskin Ex 4:25 (J); privy member Lv 22:24 (H) Dt 23:2; cluster of grapes Nu 13:23, 24 (E); bough of tree Ju 9:48, 49; skirt 1 S 24:5, 6, 12; head of man 1 S 17:51; 31:9 2 S 20:22; garments 2 S 10:4 = 1 Ch 19:4; palms of hands 1 S 5:4; sprigs Is 18:5. e.g. Exodus 4:25
- b. persons, c. acc. pers. מִן loc. Je 11:19; 50:16. e.g. Jeremiah 11:19
- 2. cut down, c. acc. trees Dt 19:5; 20:19, 20; 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24; Is 44:14 Je 6:6; 10:3; 22:7; 46:23 Ez 31:12; asherim Ex 34:13 (J) Ju 6:25, 26, 30; 1 K 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16; 2 K 18:4; 23:14. e.g. Deuteronomy 19:5
- 3. hew, timber 1 K 5:20(×2) = 2 Ch 2:7, 15, Is 14:8; כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים hewers of timber 2 Ch 2:9; כְּרֻת(וֹ)ת hewn beams 1 K 6:36; 7:2, 12. e.g. 1 Kings 5:20
- 4. כ׳ בְּרִית cut, or make a covenant (because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim for eating in the sacrifice of the covenants, see בְּרִית); הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר כ׳ the calf which they cut Je 34:18 (referring to Gn 15:10); עֲלֵי־זֶבַח ψ 50:5; abs. Gn 21:27, 32; 31:44 (E) 1 S 18:3; 1 K 5:26; Ho 10:4; c. אֶת with Gn 15:18; Ex 34:27; Dt 31:16 (J) Dt 5:3 28:69(×2); 29:13 2 S 3:12, 13, 21; 2 K 17:15, 35, 38; Is 28:15; Je 11:10; 31:31, 32, 33; 34:8, 13; Ez 17:13; Zc 11:10 ψ 105:9 = 1 Ch 16:16; c. עִם Gn 26:28 (J) Ex 24:8 (E) Dt 4:23; 5:2; 9:9; 29:11, 24; 1 K 8:21 = 2 Ch 6:11; 2 Ch 23:3 Ne 9:8; Ho 2:20; 12:2; Jb 40:28; בְּ׳ omitted 1 S 20:16; 22:8; 1 K 8:9 = 2 Ch 5:10; c. לְ Ex 23:32; 34:12, 15; Jos 9:6, 7, 11, 15, 16; 24:25 (JE) Dt 7:2; Ju 2:2; 1 S 11:1; 2 S 5:3; 1 K 20:34 2 K 11:4; 1 Ch 11:3; 2 Ch 21:7; 29:10; Ezr 10:3; Is 55:3; 61:8; Je 32:40; 34:18; Ez 34:25; 37:26; Jb 31:1 ψ 89:4; בְּ׳ omitted 1 S 11:2; 2 Ch 7:18; נֶגֶד Ex 34:10 (J); לִפְנֵי 1 S 23:18; 2 K 23:3 = 2 Ch 34:31 Je 34:15; בֵּין וּבֵין 2 K 11:17; 2 Ch 23:16; c. עַל against, ψ 83:6; אֲמָנָה is used for ברית Ne 10:1; and דָּבָר Hg 2:5. e.g. Jeremiah 34:18
- —וַתִּכְרָת־לָךְ מֵהֶם Is 57:8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a covenant with them, with ellipsis of בּ׳ as above. But מִן is not used in such a construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Gr emends עִמָּהֶם for מֵהֶם, this is easiest and gives the usual construction; Du, followed by Buhl, reads וַתִּכְרִי after Ho 3:2. e.g. Isaiah 57:8
Niphal
- Pf. 3 ms. נכרת Jo 1:5 + 5 times; נִכְרָ֑ת Jo 1:16 + 2 times; 3 fs. נִכְרְתָה Gn 17:14 + 16 times; נִכְרָ֑תָה ψ 37:38; 2 ms. נִכְרַתָּ Ob 10; + 8 times Pf.; Impf. יִכָּרֵת Gn 9:11 + 21 times; יִכָּֽרֶת־ Ob 9; 3 mpl. יִכָּֽרְתוּ Zc 13:8; יִכָּרֵת֑וּן Jos 3:13 ψ 37:9; + 9 times Impf.; Inf. הִכָּרֵת Nu 15:31 ψ 37:34.— e.g. Joel 1:5
- 1. be cut off:
- a. of things, froward tongue Pr 10:31; burden from a nail Is 22:25; chariots Zc 9:10; dwelling Zp 3:7. e.g. Proverbs 10:31
- b. of persons, the people of the land by a famine (בְּ) Gn 41:36 (E); all flesh by waters of deluge (מִמֵּי) Gn 9:11 (P); the anointed Dn 9:26; enemies Is 11:13; Mi 5:8; the wicked Is 29:20; Ho 8:4; Na 2:1 ψ 37:9, 22, 28, 34, 38; Pr 2:22; others Ob 9, 10 Zp 1:11; Zc 13:8; 14:2. e.g. Genesis 41:36
- c. in the technical phrases of H and P וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ ההיא that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gn 17:14 Lv 7:20, 21, 25, 27; Nu 9:13; Lv 19:8; מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Ex 12:15; Nu 19:13; מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Ex 12:19; מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Ex 31:14; Nu 15:30 (עַמָּהּ); מִלְּפָנַי Lv 22:3; מִתּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל Nu 19:20; similarly with variation of subject Ex 30:33, 38; Lv 17:4, 9; 18:29; 20:18; 23:29, and with omission of word with מִן Lv 17:14; 20:17; Nu 15:31(×2). e.g. Genesis 17:14
- 2. be cut down, a tree Jb 14:7. e.g. Job 14:7
- 3. be chewed between the teeth Nu 11:33 (J). e.g. Numbers 11:33
- 4. be cut off, in a more general sense, fail: of waters Jos 3:13, 16 (JE) 4:7(×2) (D); new wine Jo 1:5; meat v 16; hope Pr 23:18; 24:14; a name Is 48:19; 56:5; Ru 4:10; a sign Is 55:13; faithfulness Je 7:28; לֹא יִכָּרֵת לְ׳ אִישׁ there shall not fail thee a man 1 K 2:4; 8:25 = 2 Ch 6:16; 1 K 9:5 = 2 Ch 7:18; Je 33:17; 18; 35:19; לא יכרת מן there shall not fail of Jos 9:23 (J) 2 S 3:29. e.g. Joshua 3:13
Pual
- Pf. כָּרַּת Ez 16:4; 3 fs. כֹּרָ֑תָה Ju 6:28;— e.g. Ezekiel 16:4
- 1. be cut off, navel string Ez 16:4. e.g. Ezekiel 16:4
- 2. be cut down, Asherah Ju 6:28. e.g. Judges 6:28
Hiphil
- Pf. הִכְרִית 1 S 28:9; 1 K 11:16; 3 fs. הִכְרִיתָה Lv 26:22; 1 s. הִכְרַתִּי Jos 23:4 + 32 times; + 4 times Pf.; Impf. יַכְרִית Dt 12:29 + 2 times; juss. יַכְרֵת ψ 12:4 + 4 times; 1 s. וָֽאַכְרִ֫תָה 2 S 7:9; 1 pl. sf. וְנַכְרִיתֶנָּה Je 48:2; + 9 times Impf.; Inf. הַכְרִית Je 44:8 + 15 times; הַכְרִת 1 S 20:15; + sf. 2 times— e.g. 1 Samuel 28:9
- 1. cut off, flattering lips ψ 12:4. e.g. Psalms 12:4
- 2. cut off, destroy the life of:
- a. animals c. acc., cattle Lv 26:22 (H); c. acc. and מִן frogs Ex 8:5 (J); horses Mi 5:9; Zc 9:10. e.g. Leviticus 26:22
- b. of men abs. ψ 109:13, by men, c. acc. enemies Ju 4:24; 1 S 24:22; 1 K 11:16; 14:14; 18:4; 2 Ch 22:7; Is 10:7; Ez 17:17 Ob 14; c. acc. and מִן enemies Jos 11:21; Je 48:2; the wicked ψ 101:8; a clan Nu 4:18 (P); young men by death Je 9:20; people by the sword Na 3:15; necromancers 1 S 28:9; the name Jos 7:9. e.g. Psalms 109:13
- c. of men, by God c. acc. (הַ)גּוֹיִם Dt 19:1; Jos 23:4 (D) Zp 3:6; various persons and things Is 48:9; Je 44:11; 51:62 Ez 25:16; 30:15; Zc 9:6; c. acc. and מִן Ez 25:7 Am 1:5, 8; 2:3; מֵאֶרֶץ Na 2:14 ψ 34:17 = 109:15; מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Is 9:13; מִיַּד Mi 5:11; מִפָּנֶיךָ Dt 12:29; 2 S 7:9 = 1 Ch 17:8; מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה 1 S 20:15; 1 K 9:7; Zp 1:3; מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ Lv 17:10; 20:3, 5, 6 (H); מִתּוֹךְ עַמִּי Ez 14:8; Ez says also הכ׳ מִן … אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה 14:13, 17, 19, 21; 25:13; 29:8; צדיק ורשׁע 21:8, 9; עבר ושׁב 35:7; c. acc. and לְ, cut off, to, or from Is 14:22; Je 44:7, 8; 47:4; כ׳ לְ׳ מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר 1 K 14:10; 21:21; 2 K 9:8; כ׳ ל׳ מעם מזבח 1 S 2:33; יַכְרֵת י׳ לָאִישׁ מֵאָֽהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב Mal 2:12 may Yahweh cut off to the man—from the tents of Jacob. e.g. Deuteronomy 19:1
- 3. cut down, destroy, cities Mi 5:10, sun-pillars Lv 26:30 (H); and other things used in idolatry Na 1:14; Zp 1:4; מן הארץ Zc 13:2; מִקֶּרֶב Mi 5:12. e.g. Micah 5:10
- 4. take away, חֶסֶד מֵעִם kindness from 1 S 20:15. e.g. 1 Samuel 20:15
- 5. permit to perish, מֵהַבְּהֵמָה (some) of the cattle 1 K 18:5. e.g. 1 Kings 18:5
Hophal
- Pf. הָכְרַת מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ מִבֵּית י׳ Jo 1:9. e.g. Joel 1:9
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
vb. cut off, cut down (NH id.; Assyrian karâtu, ii. hew off Dl HWB 357);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
כְּרֵת
- , v. כְּרֵית
כָּרַת
- 1. to cut. Num. R. s. 16 ונקרא אשכול … לִכְרוֹת וכ׳ and he (Abraham’s ally) was named Eshkol (Cluster), on account of the cluster of grapes which the Israelites were destined to cut in his home.—Esp. to cut genitals, mutilate. Bekh. 33ᵇ נותק אחר כּוֹרֵת, v. נָתַק.—Part. pass. כָּרוּת. Ib.; a. fr.—כְּ׳ שפכה one that is mutilated at his membrum, v. שָׁפַךְ. Tosef. Yeb. XI, 2. Yeb. VIII, 2; a. fr.
- 2. [to draw a circle, place outside, cmp. meanings of חרם, ברי,] to cut off, excommunicate, v. כָּרֵת. Y. Bicc. II, beg. 64ᶜ; Y. Snh. XI, 30ᵇ צא … עונשין וכוֹרְתִים deduct twenty years up to which age the divine court neither punishes nor decrees excision.
- 3. to separate, divorce; to make final. Gitt. 21ᵇ; Succ. 24ᵇ (ref. to Deut. XXIV, 3) ספר כּוֹרְתָהּ וכ׳ the delivery of the deed divorces her and nothing else does. Ib. דבר הכּוֹרֵת בינו לבינה something (a condition) which (if fulfilled) severs definitely the connection between him and her (e.g. a condition that she will drink no wine for the next thirty days, after the lapse of which time the letter of divorce takes its effect retroactively, opp. to a condition that she will abstain from wine all the rest of her life in which case the letter of divorce cannot take effect).—Part. pass. כָּרוּת definite. Y. Gitt. VII, 48ᵈ כגט כ׳ הוא it is like a final divorce (taking effect immediately); Y. B. Bath. VIII, 16ᶜ top כ׳ הוא. Y. Gitt. III, 44ᵈ top; IX, 50ᵇ bot. זה כ׳ לשמה ווה כ׳ לשמה (not זו) this letter was definitely made out for this woman, and so was the other for the other woman. Ib. III, beg. 44ᶜ אלא שלא הי׳ לה כ׳ … ראשונה (strike out לה); a. fr.—3) to decide, make final. Ber. 4ᵃ; Snh. 16ᵇ (ref. to כְּרֵתִי as a symbolical name for the Urim and Tummim, or for the Sanhedrin) שכּוֹרְתִים את דבריהם they give definite and precise decisions; Midr. Till. to Ps. III כּוֹרְתֵי כריתות, v. כְּרִיתָה; a. e.—כ׳ בְּרִית (v. בְּרִית) to covenant, make a firm promise. Gen. R. s. 44 כָּרַתָּ ב׳ עם וכ׳ thou hast promised to Noah that thou wilt not destroy his descendants; Yalk. Gen. 76 כָּרַתָּה.—Part. pass. כָּרוּת, f. כְּרוּתָה. M. Kat. 18ᵃ, a. fr. ברית כ׳ לשפתים, v. בְּרִית. R. Hash. 17ᵇ ב׳ כ׳ לי"ג מדזת וכ׳ there is a solemn insurance given that the invocation of the thirteen divine attributes (Ex. XXXIV, 6, sq.) will never be without effect (ref. to Ex. XXXIV, 10).—Trnsf. ב׳ כ׳ it is a necessity, unavoidable. Nidd. 58ᵇ ב׳ כ׳ לו שכל וכ׳ whoever crushes it cannot help smelling it. e.g. Deuteronomy 24:3
- 1. to be cut, mutilated. Yeb. VIII, 2 (expl. כרות שפכה, Deut. XXIII, 2) כל שנ׳ הגיד when the membrum is mutilated. Ib. 75ᵇ נִכְרְתוּ ביצים when the testicles are cut out; a. fr.—2) to be covenanted. Sot. 37ᵇ שלא נִכְרְתוּ עליה וכ׳ upon which were not closed forty eight covenants; Tosef. ib. VIII, 11; a. fr. e.g. Deuteronomy 23:2
- 3. to be cut off, destroyed. Y. Peah I, 15ᵈ bot. (ref. to Num. XV, 31) מלמד שהנפש נִכְרָתָה ועונה בה which intimates that (the idolater’s) soul is cut off (through premature death, כָּרֵת), while her guilt remains with her (unexpiated by death); Snh. 64ᵇ (ref. to the emphasized expression הכרת תכ׳, Num. l. c.) הִכָּרֵת בעו"הז וכ׳ hiccareth refers to this world &c.; a. fr.—Verbal noun הִיכָּרֵת, v. כָּרֵת. e.g. Numbers 15:31
- to destroy, exterminate. Tanḥ. R’eh 7 והַכְרִיתֵם and exterminate them. Ib. כשיַכְרִית וכ׳ when the Lord … shall have destroyed …, you will enter. Tosef. Snh. IV, 5 להַכְרִית זרעו וכ׳ to exterminate the seed of Amalek; a. fr.
- to doom to destruction. Arakh. 15ᵇ שכבר כֵּרְתוֹ וכ׳ for David has doomed him &c. (ref. to Ps. XII, 4); Yalk. Lev. 559. e.g. Psalms 12:4
כְּרַת
- , esp. to separate, divorce. Gitt. 21ᵇ, a. fr. עידי מסירה כַּרְתֵי it is the witnesses of delivery (in whose presence the deed of divorce is handed to the wife) that effect the divorce (and the signature of the witnesses is unessential); opp. to עידי חתימה כרתי it is the signing witnesses &c.—Imper. כְּרוֹת (only in) כ׳ גיטא make the divorce final, definite (v. preced.). Ib. 9ᵃ היינו טעמא משום דלאו כ׳ ג׳ היא the reason (that the manumission of the slave is not lawful) is because the form was not in compliance with the rule, ‘make the divorce definite’; B. Bath. 150ᵇ
כָּרֵת
- (= הִכָּרֵת, v. כָּרַתNif.) excommunication, extermination; (in Talm. law) divine punishment through premature or sudden death, opp. to מיתה בידי אדם capital punishment. Snh. 60ᵇ זובח … כ׳ הוא is not slaughtering consecrated animals outside of the Temple punishable with extinction?, opp. קטלא death by execution. M. Kat. 28ᵃ מת בחמשים שנה זו היא מיתת כ׳ if one dies at the age of fifty, that is death of divine visitation; Y. Bicc. II, beg. 64ᶜ בהִיכָּרֵת; Treat. S’maḥ. III, 8 בהִכָּרֵת. Ib. 10 וכי מה מודיענו שמיתתם בהכרת what is there to indicate that they died by divine visitation?; Y. l. c. 64ᵈ top שהוא בהיכרת.—M. Kat. l. c. נפקי לי מכ׳ I have escaped the punishment of kareth (being sixty years old). Ib. כ׳ דשני the kareth of years, premature death; כ׳ דיומי the k. of days, sudden death. Ḥull. 31ᵃ עון כ׳ a transgression punishable with k., opp. איסור מיתה. Macc. III, 15 (23ᵃ) נפטרו מידי כְּרֵיתָן Ms. M. (ed. ידי כְּרִיתָתָם) are released from k. (which would otherwise await them). Ib. 13ᵇ ולמה יצאת כ׳ באחותו why is the punishment of k. specifically mentioned with reference to incest with a sister (Lev. XX, 17, being included in Lev. XVIII, 29)?—Gen. R. s. 28 (ref. to כְּרֵתִים, Zeph. II, 5, v. Targ. a. l.) גוי שהוא ראוי כ׳ a nation deserving extermination; (Yalk. Zeph. 567 ראוי לִיכָּרֵת); a. v. fr.—Pl. כְּרִיתוֹת (fr. כְּרִיתָה). Ker. I, 1 שלשים ושש כ׳ בתורה there are thirty six transgressions mentioned in the Torah as (eventually) punishable with kareth. Macc. III, 15, a. fr. חייבי כ׳ those on whose transgressions the penalty of k. is pronounced; a. fr.—K’rithoth, a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Talmud Babli, of the Order of Kodashim. e.g. Leviticus 20:17
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 195 distinct written forms H3772 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 135 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3772, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. 2 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 262 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 280 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 9:11
- Exodus 4:25
- Leviticus 7:20
- Numbers 4:18
- Deuteronomy 4:23
- Joshua 3:13
- Judges 2:2
- Ruth 4:10
- 1 Samuel 2:33
- 2 Samuel 3:12
- 1 Kings 2:4
- 2 Kings 9:8
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
