שָׁנָה
year
‘year’ is one of 5 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Adjective
- A word that describes or qualifies a noun.
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”).
Form
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Dual
- Exactly two — for natural pairs and some measures of time.
66 verses where H8141 appears in the Absolute state in the Book of Numbers. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Numbers
- Numbers 1:1 בַּ/שָּׁנָ֣ה prep det + n c fs Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the Tent of Meeting, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying,
- Numbers 1:3 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs from twenty years old and upward, all who are able to go out to war in Israel. You and Aaron shall number them by their divisions.
- Numbers 1:18 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs They assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month; and they declared their ancestry by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, one by one.
- Numbers 1:20 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs The children of Reuben, Israel's firstborn, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, one by one, every male from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:22 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Simeon, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, those who were numbered of it, according to the number of the names, one by one, every male from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:24 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Gad, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:26 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Judah, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:28 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Issachar, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:30 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Zebulun, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:32 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Joseph, of the children of Ephraim, their generations, by thir families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:34 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Manasseh, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:36 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Benjamin, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war;
- Numbers 1:38 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Dan, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go forth to war;
- Numbers 1:40 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Asher, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go forth to war;
- Numbers 1:42 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Of the children of Naphtali, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go forth to war;
- Numbers 1:45 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs So all those who were numbered of the children of Israel by their fathers' houses, from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war in Israel;
- Numbers 4:3 שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs from thirty years old and upward even until fifty years old, all who enter into the service, to do the work in the Tent of Meeting.
- Numbers 4:23 שָׁנָ֜ה שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs n c fs from thirty years old and upward until fifty years old shall you number them; all who enter in to wait on the service, to do the work in the Tent of Meeting.
- Numbers 4:30 שָׁנָ֜ה שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs n c fs from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old shall you number them, everyone who enters on the service, to do the work of the Tent of Meeting.
- Numbers 4:35 שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who entered into the service, for work in the Tent of Meeting.
- Numbers 4:39 שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who entered into the service, for work in the Tent of Meeting,
- Numbers 4:43 שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who entered into the service, for work in the Tent of Meeting,
- Numbers 4:47 שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs n c fs from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who entered in to do the work of service, and the work of bearing burdens in the Tent of Meeting,
- Numbers 7:17 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Nahshon the son of Amminadab.
- Numbers 7:23 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Nethanel the son of Zuar.
- Numbers 7:29 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Eliab the son of Helon.
- Numbers 7:35 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Elizur the son of Shedeur.
- Numbers 7:41 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old: this was the offering of Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.
- Numbers 7:47 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Eliasaph the son of Deuel.
- Numbers 7:53 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Elishama the son of Ammihud.
- Numbers 7:59 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.
- Numbers 7:65 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Abidan the son of Gideoni.
- Numbers 7:71 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
- Numbers 7:77 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Pagiel the son of Ochran.
- Numbers 7:83 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Ahira the son of Enan.
- Numbers 7:87 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs all the oxen for the burnt offering twelve bulls, the rams twelve, the male lambs a year old twelve, and their meal offering; and the male goats for a sin offering twelve;
- Numbers 7:88 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs and all the oxen for the sacrifice of peace offerings twenty-four bulls, the rams sixty, the male goats sixty, the male lambs a year old sixty. This was the dedication of the altar, after it was anointed.
- Numbers 8:24 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs "This is that which belongs to the Levites: from twenty-five years old and upward they shall go in to wait on the service in the work of the Tent of Meeting;
- Numbers 8:25 שָׁנָ֔ה n c fs and from the age of fifty years they shall cease waiting on the work, and shall serve no more,
- Numbers 9:1 בַּ/שָּׁנָ֨ה prep det + n c fs Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying,
- Numbers 10:11 בַּ/שָּׁנָ֧ה prep det + n c fs It happened in the second year, in the second month, on the twentieth day of the month, that the cloud was taken up from over the tent of the testimony.
- Numbers 13:22 שָׁנִים֙ n c fp They went up by the South, and came to Hebron; and Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were there. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.)
- Numbers 14:29 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness; and all who were numbered of you, according to your whole number, from twenty years old and upward, who have murmured against me,
- Numbers 14:33 שָׁנָ֔ה n c fs Your children shall be wanderers in the wilderness forty years, and shall bear your prostitution, until your dead bodies be consumed in the wilderness.
- Numbers 14:34 לַ/שָּׁנָ֞ה לַ/שָּׁנָ֗ה שָׁנָ֑ה prep det + n c fs prep det + n c fs n c fs After the number of the days in which you spied out the land, even forty days, for every day a year, shall you bear your iniquities, even forty years, and you shall know my alienation.
- Numbers 26:2 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs Take the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, from twenty years old and upward, by their fathers' houses, all who are able to go forth to war in Israel.
- Numbers 26:4 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs [Take the sum of the people], from twenty years old and upward; as Yahweh commanded Moses and the children of Israel, that came forth out of the land of Egypt.
- Numbers 28:3 שָׁנָ֧ה n c fs You shall tell them, This is the offering made by fire which you shall offer to Yahweh: he-lambs a year old without blemish, two day by day, for a continual burnt offering.
- Numbers 28:9 שָׁנָ֖ה n c fs On the Sabbath day two he-lambs a year old without blemish, and two tenth parts [of an ephah] of fine flour for a meal-offering, mixed with oil, and the drink-offering of it:
- Numbers 28:11 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs In the beginnings of your months you shall offer a burnt offering to Yahweh: two young bulls, and one ram, seven he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 28:14 הַ/שָּׁנָֽה ptcl def.art + n c fs Their drink-offerings shall be half a hin of wine for a bull, and the third part of a hin for the ram, and the fourth part of a hin for a lamb: this is the burnt offering of every month throughout the months of the year.
- Numbers 28:19 שָׁנָ֔ה n c fs but you shall offer an offering made by fire, a burnt offering to Yahweh: two young bulls, and one ram, and seven he-lambs a year old; they shall be to you without blemish;
- Numbers 28:27 שָׁנָֽה n c fs but you shall offer a burnt offering for a sweet savor to Yahweh: two young bulls, one ram, seven he-lambs a year old;
- Numbers 29:2 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs You shall offer a burnt offering for a sweet savor to Yahweh: one young bull, one ram, seven he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 29:8 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs but you shall offer a burnt offering to Yahweh for a sweet savor: one young bull, one ram, seven he-lambs a year old; they shall be to you without blemish;
- Numbers 29:13 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs and you shall offer a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor to Yahweh; thirteen young bulls, two rams, fourteen he-lambs a year old; they shall be without blemish;
- Numbers 29:17 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs On the second day [you shall offer] twelve young bulls, two rams, fourteen he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 29:20 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs On the third day eleven bulls, two rams, fourteen he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 29:23 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs On the fourth day ten bulls, two rams, fourteen he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 29:26 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs On the fifth day nine bulls, two rams, fourteen he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 29:29 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs On the sixth day eight bulls, two rams, fourteen he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 29:32 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs On the seventh day seven bulls, two rams, fourteen he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 29:36 שָׁנָ֛ה n c fs but you shall offer a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor to Yahweh: one bull, one ram, seven he-lambs a year old without blemish;
- Numbers 32:11 שָׁנָה֙ n c fs Surely none of the men who came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, shall see the land which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; because they have not wholly followed me:
- Numbers 32:13 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Yahweh's anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander back and forth in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation, who had done evil in the sight of Yahweh, was consumed.
- Numbers 33:39 שָׁנָ֑ה n c fs Aaron was one hundred twenty-three years old when he died in Mount Hor.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“year” is the headline sense of the Hebrew noun שנה (shâneh). Its meaning spans more than one sense — see its full sense range. It appears 647 verses across 32 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its most common vocabulary. First canonically at Genesis 1:14, it enters the text early. Related forms include שנה, משנה and שני. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H8141 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 647
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 647 distinct verses.
- 32 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 32 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #49
- by frequency
- Top 50 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 49 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 647 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 647 distinct verses.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 270 verses · 42%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 247 verses · 38%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 130 verses · 20%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 3 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Years 440×, Year 314×, Two years 5×
- American Standard Version†: Years 430×, Year 286×, Same year 4×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Years 288×, Year 238×, Years old 20×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Years 448×, Year 275×, The 60×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H8141 across 804† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 35 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 71 further occurrences.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H8141 across 801† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 54 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H8141 across 612† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 32 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 263 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H8141 across 955† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 2 further occurrences.
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Pual (the passive of Piel) and Hithpael (reflexive or reciprocal).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 6 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
שנה I change (NH Pi, etc.
Qal
- Pf. 1 s. לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Mal 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁנֶא (Ges§ 77 rr) La 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; LöhrNow יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Bu Löhr); Inf. cstr. שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן ψ 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Sym Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che al. years, usually ins. I will remember); Pt. שׁוֹנִים Est 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, cf. 3:8 (so Ecclus 42:24); Pr 24:21 those who change (but dub., v. Toy). e.g. Malachi 3:6
Piel
- transit., change, alter: Pf. 3 ms. שִׁנָּה Je 52:33 c. acc. garments, = שִׁנָּא (Gesl.c.) 2 K 25:29; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Pr 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ 1 S 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges§ 75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and reff.), cf. Bu HPS Now), c. acc. טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Est 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 s. ψ 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖ לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); Inf. cstr. לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Je 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ ψ 34:1 (title; cf. 1 S 21:14 supr.); Pt. מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Jb 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subj. God). e.g. Jeremiah 52:33
Pual
- Impf. 3 ms. וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges§ 75rr) Ec 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ v. עֹז 4, √ עזז). e.g. Ecclesiastes 8:1
Hithpael
- Pf. 2 fs. consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית 1 K 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself. e.g. 1 Kings 14:2
שנה II (on appar. except v. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 46), year (etym. v. √)
שנה III repeat, do again (NH id.
Qal
- Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 2 S 20:10; Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁנֶה 1 S 26:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שְׁנוּ 1 K 18:34; Pt. שֹׁנֶה Pr 17:9; 26:11;—do again: וַיַּכֵּהוּ … וְלֹא שׁ׳ לוֹ 2 S 20:10, cf. 1 S 26:8; abs. 1 K 18:34(×2) Ne 13:21; = speak again Jb 29:22 + 40:5 according to many moderns (אשׁנה for MT אענה); שׁ׳ בְּדָבָר Pr 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (שנות דבר Ecclus 42:1); 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over agian (learns nothing by experience). e.g. 2 Samuel 20:10
Niphal
- Inf. cstr. וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם Gn 41:32 (E) concerning the dream’s being repeated, etc. e.g. Genesis 41:32
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. vb. change (NH Pi, etc.; Ecclus 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lzb379; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ, especially mentally = grow insane; cf. (prob.) NH שָׁנָה year, = Ph. שנת, שת; MI 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (cf. Muss-ArnoltJBL xi (1892), 73 n.); Arabic سَنَةٌ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ; Old Aramaic, Nab., Palm. שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb379 f.; on year from changing seasons, v. PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f. BaZMG xli (1887), 612, 621, 636 (especially against DHM VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452 who proposes bilit. √), cf. Thes; a daring suggestion by JenZA vii (1892), 177);—
II. n.f. (on appar. except v. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 46), year (etym. v. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Am 2:10 +; cstr. שְׁנַת Gn 41:50 +; sf. שְׁנָתוֹ Ez 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Lv 14:10 + 2 times; du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 +, -תָ֑יִם 1 K 15:25 +; pl. שָׁנִים Ex 21:2 +, cstr. שְׁנֵי Gn 23:1 + 24 times, שְׁנוֹת Dt 32:7 + 8 times (poet. and late); sf. שָׁנָיו Lv 25:52 + 4 times sf.; שְׁנוֹתַי Is 38:15 ψ 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם 78:33 + 8 times sf.;—year, as division of time, Ex 23:14, 17 3 times בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Dt 11:12, opp. אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ v 12, צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ Ex 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ 34:22 2 Ch 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה 2 K 13:20, read כְּבֹא שׁ׳ 𝔊 Bur, בארץ שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ Kit, cf. שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ = year by year 1 S 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benz, cf. Ne 10:33; so שׁ׳ שׁ׳ Dt 14:22, שׁ׳ אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ 2 S 21:1, בְּכָל־שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Est 9:21, 27; especially of duration of life; (יְמֵי) שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ Gn 23:1; 25:7 + (P); שְׁנֵיהֶם Jb 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי ψ 31:11 (‖ חַיַּי), etc.; of God Jb 10:5 ψ 102:25, 28; in phr. of age, v. בֵּן 9, בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Ez 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳ Dn 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 S 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ Is 6:1; 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָה Dt 15:9; 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Lv 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Is 16:14; 21:16 (v. שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Je 11:23 + 2 times; שׁ׳ רָצוֹן לְי׳ Is 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Dt 32:7, cf. Jo 2:2; most often c. num. card.: pl. after units, appos., Ex 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים 2 S 2:10 +, but du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 + 4 times, שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Gn 41:1 + 4 times; very rarely c. num. (certainly) cstr. שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים 1 S 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳ Lv 25:21; 8 + שָׁנָה †2 K 22:1; before unit (rare, late) 2 Ch 11:17(×2); Dn 1:5; sg. after 11–19, tens, and hundreds Gn 5:3, 9; 14:4 + often; so 90 + 9 years 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years 1 K 2:11, etc.; but אֶלֶפ שָׁנִים ψ 90:4 1000 years, so (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ec 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. often repeated, 900 year + 30 year Gn 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ 1 K 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ 2 K 15:23, etc.; but בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳ לְ 2 K 18:13, etc. (often), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה 1 K 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Lv 19:24 +, etc., + לְ 2 K 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Ges§ 134 p) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ 2 K 25:1, cf. Ezr 7:8; Je 46:2; 51:59 + (Kt) 28:1; 32:1 (Qr בַּשָּׁנָה).
III. vb. repeat, do again (NH id.; Ecclus 42:1; Arabic ثَنَى bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ܬܢܳܐ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi. repeat, relate, cf. ScheilZA v (1890), 409 (Dl thinks denom.); on שׁ׳ as √ of שְׁנַיִם two, v. PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 77 Baib. xii (1887), 603);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from שנה (shânâh) (H8138) — to change.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
שֵׁינָה
- sleep. Ber. 3ᵇ מעולם לא עבר … בש׳ midnight never found me asleep. Ib. 62ᵇ ש׳ בעמוד וכ׳ sleep at morning dawn (v. שֵׁינָא I). Meg. 15ᵇ שְׁנַת וכ׳, v. נָדַד. Succ. 26ᵃ שֵׁינַת, v. עַרְאַי. Ib. במוסר שֵׁינָתוֹ וכ׳ when he gives his sleep in charge of others (gives orders to wake him up). Yoma I, 4 המאכל מביא את הש׳ eating causes sleepiness. Tam. 28ᵃ אונס ש׳ being overcome by sleep. Snh. 93ᵇ שהיו אונסין … ומן הש׳ they forced themselves not to laugh, talk, or fall asleep. Kidd. 49ᵇ עשרה ש׳ וכ׳ ten measures of sleep have come down to the world, nine of which the slaves have taken &c.; a. fr.
שָׁנָה
- I, v. שני
שָׁנָה II
- , Revue des Et. Juives XI, 1885, p. 64) year. Ber. 55ᵃ שלשה … ש׳ טובה וכ׳ three things must be prayed for: a good king, a good year, and a good dream. R. Hash. I, 1, a. fr. ראש הש׳, v. רֹאשׁ. Ib. 2ᵃ עלתה לו ש׳ it is counted as one year of his reign (his second year begins). Y. Yoma V, 42ᶜ top; Bab. ib. 53ᵇ, v. גָּשַׁם. Ib. 39ᵇ אותה ש׳ … בש׳ זו הוא מת (on the Day of Atonement of) the year in which Simon the righteous died, he said to them, in this year he (euphem. for I) shall die. Snh. 97ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 9ᵃ ששת אלפים ש׳ וכ׳ the world will last six thousand years. Naz. 5ᵃ אותה ש׳ … שנת עשר וכ׳ the year in which they asked for a king was the tenth year of office of Samuel &c. Par. I, 1 בת שְׁנָתָהּ in her first year; a. v. fr.—Pl. שָׁנִים, constr. שְׁנוֹת (שְׁנֵי). Naz. l. c. ימים שאין עמהן ש׳ ‘days’ in the Scriptures to which the word ‘years’ is not attached; זה שיש עמו ש׳ this passage (Gen. XLI, 1) where ‘years’ is combined with days. Yoma 71ᵃ (ref. to Prov. III, 2) וכי יש ש׳ של חיים ויש ש׳ שאינן וכ׳ are there years of life, and years of no life? אלו שְׁנוֹתָיו של אדם וכ׳ those are a man’s years which are changed for him from evil to good. Sabb. 89ᵇ (ref. to כשנים, Is. I, 18) אם יהיו חטאיכם כש׳ הללו וכ׳ if your sins were as many as the years that have been arranged and have come down from the six days of creation until now, they shall become white &c.; Yalk. Is. 256; Y. Sabb. IX, 12ᵃ bot. כש׳ שבין וכ׳ as the years (required for travelling) between the heaven and the earth; כשְׁנֵי אבות as the years of the patriarchs; a. v. fr.—ברכת הש׳ (the blessing of the harvests of the year) birkhath hash-shanim, the ninth section of the Prayer of Benedictions (תְּפִלָּה). Ber. 29ᵃ, v. שְׁאֵלָה. Taan. 2ᵃ; a. fr. e.g. Genesis 41:1
שֵׁנָה
- , v. שֵׁינָה
שני
- (b. h.)
- 1. to repeat, do a second time. Yoma 86ᵇ ואם ש׳ בהן וכ׳ but if he committed the same sins again, he must confess them. Ib. כיון … וש׳ בה וכ׳ when a man commits a sin and repeats it, it appears to him permitted; M. Kat. 27ᵇ. Ib. 16ᵇ; Ber. 18ᵃ אם קרית לא שָׁנִיתָ ואם שנית וכ׳ if thou hast read (studied), thou hast not repeated, and if thou hast repeated, thou hast not reviewed a third time, and if thou hast done so, they have not explained it to thee (v. פָּרַשׁ). Sot. 9ᵃ (ref. to Mal. III, 6) לא … ושָׁנִיתִי לה וכ׳ I never struck a nation and had to do it a second time, but you, children of Israel, have not been consumed; Yalk. Deut. 825. Ib. שהיה מכה … ולא שֹׁונֶה לו who used to strike a man once and no more (killed with one stroke). Tosef. Toh. IV, 1 אומר לו שיִשְׁנֶה we say to him that he should do it again (when it will be seen whether it can be done without touching uncleanness); אין שֹׁונִין בטהרות we must not try again for the purpose of deciding in matters of levitical cleanness; Nidd. 5ᵇ אומרים לו שְׁנֵה ושונה we say to him, do it again, and he does it again; a. fr.—Part. pass. שָׁנוּי; f. שְׁנוּיָה &c. Meg. 31ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 19ᵇ, v. שָׁלַשׁ; a. e. e.g. Malachi 3:6
- 2. (denom. of מִשְׁנָה) to study the Mishnah; in gen. to study; to teach. Meg. 28ᵇ; Nidd. 73ᵃ כל השונה וכ׳ he who studies (reviews) traditional laws every day. Meg. 32ᵃ; Treat. Sof’rim III, 10 השונה בלא זמרה who studies (Mishnah and Gemarah) without chant. B. Mets. 44ᵃ שנית לנו … ותִשְׁנֶה לנו וכ׳ in thy earlier days thou taughtest us …, and again in thy old days, thou teachest us &c.?; Ab. Zar. 52ᵇ. Erub. 92ᵃ וכי רבי לא שְׁנָאָהּ וכ׳ but if Rabbi has not taught that, whence could R. Ḥiyya have it?; Yeb. 43ᵃ; Nidd. 62ᵃ רבי לא שנה וכ׳ Rabbi has not taught this? whence &c.? Yeb. 108ᵇ, a. e. מי שש׳ זו לא ש׳ זו he who taught this, has not taught that, i.e. the two clauses in the Mishnah are from different authors, v. תַּבְרָא. Ḥull. 85ᵃ ראה רבי … ושְׁנָאָן וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. ושנאו) Rabbi approved of the opinion of R. …, and embodied it in the Mishnah as the opinion of ‘the scholars’. Pes. 3ᵇ; Ḥull. 63ᵇ לעולם יִשְׁנֶה אדם לתלמידו וכ׳ one should always teach his pupil the shortest way (use the briefest terms). Ib. 81ᵇ, a. fr. לא שָׁנוּ אלא וכ׳ they have taught this only with regard to a case &c., i.e. this is meant only when &c.; a. fr.—Part. pass. as ab. Nidd. 22ᵇ, a. fr. במחלוקת שנויה, v. מַחֲלוֹקֶת.
- 1. to be repeated. Snh. 59ᵃ ונִישְׁנֵית, v. נֹחַ. Ḥull. 63ᵇ למה נִשְׁנוּ בבהמה וכ׳ why are the laws of clean and unclean animals repeated (in Deut.)? With reference to quadrupeds, on account of hassh’suʿah (Deut. XIV, 7, which is not found in Lev. XI, 4) &c., v. שְׁסוּעָה; Bekh. 6ᵇ; a. e. e.g. Deuteronomy 14:7
- 2. to be taught. B. Mets. 33ᵇ; B. Kam. 94ᵇ, a. e. בימי רבי נשנית משנה זו this Mishnah was taught (originated) in Rabbi’s days. Ber. 28ᵃ, v. עֵדוּת; a. e.
- to teach (Mishnah &c.). Lam. R. to I, 6 הַשְׁנֵינִי פרק וכ׳, v. קָרָא II; a. e.
- 1. to repeat, to come a second time. Y. Snh. III, 21ᵇ bot. לְשַׁנֹּות, v. טַעֲנָה. Num. R. s. 420 ולא שִׁינְּתָה, v. שָׁלַשׁ.
- 2. to change, vary, modify; to make a distinction. B. Mets. VI, 2 כל המְשַׁנֶּה ידיו וכ׳, v. יָד. Snh. 92ᵇ אפי׳ … לא יְשַׁנֶּה אדם את עצמו וכ׳ even in time of danger (persecution) a man must not change himself from (disguise the insignia of) his office. Yeb. 65ᵇ מותר … לשנות וכ׳ one may modify (the report of a person’s utterances) in the interest of peace. Ib. גדול … הקב"ה ש׳ בו וכ׳ peace is a great thing, for even the Lord modified (Sarah’s words) for its sake (ref. to Gen. XVIII, 12 a. 13). Y. Pes. IV, 30ᵈ top אל תְּשַׁנּוּ מנהג וכ׳ change not the usage of your fathers &c. Gen. R. s. 48 זה אחד … שׁשִׁינּוּ וכ׳ this is one of the things which they (the seventy translators) changed for king Ptolemee. Sabb. 10ᵇ לעולם אל יְשַׁנֶּה אדם בנו בין הבנים a man must never distinguish his son among his sons (favor one son more than the others); Gen. R. s. 84. Bets. 30ᵃ אם אי אפשר לשנות if it is not possible to do the thing in a different manner (so as to be reminded that it is a Holy Day). Tanḥ. Nitsabim 3 כבר … שלא אֲשׁנֶּה בכם וכ׳ I have sworn to you that I will not change my relation to you &c. Yalk. Mal. 589 מי שי׳ במי which of us changed his conduct towards the other?; המקום לא שי׳ בישראל God has not changed his relation to Israel; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְשׁוּנֶּה; f. מְשׁוּנָּה. Y. Taan. I, end, 64ᵈ עורב יצא מש׳ מן הבריות the raven came out of the ark looking different from all other creatures (black). Shek. V, 2, v. רִצְפָה. Sabb. 56ᵃ (ref. to II Sam. XII, 9) מש׳ רעה זו וכ׳ this evil deed is different from all &c. Ib. 156ᵇ מיתה מש׳ a strange (unnatural, sudden) death; Sot. 35ᵃ; a. fr.—Deut. R. s. 9 ראה אותו מש׳ he saw him (the angel of death) looking strange (excited); מפני מה אתה מש׳ why art thou excited? e.g. Genesis 18:12
- to be changed, different. Snh. 38ᵃ בשלשה … מִשְׁתַּנֶּה מחבירו וכ׳ by three things one man is distinguishable from another: by his voice &c. Pes. X, 4 (116ᵃ) מה נ׳ הלילה וכ׳ why is this night different from all other nights? Snh. 71ᵇ [read:] הואיל ונ׳ דינו ונִשְׁתַּנֵית מיתתו because his (the proselyte’s) legal status is different, and the mode of capital punishment is different for him. Sabb. 53ᵇ נִשְׁתַּנּוּ לו סדרי וכ׳ the order of nature had to be changed for him. R. Hash. 19ᵃ מה נִישְׁתַּנִּינוּ מכל וכ׳ wherein are we different from any other nation or tongue that you decree for us such hard decrees?; a. e.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 155 distinct written forms H8141 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 95 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H8141, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 619 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 647 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 1:14
- Exodus 6:16
- Leviticus 9:3
- Numbers 1:1
- Deuteronomy 1:3
- Joshua 5:6
- Judges 2:8
- Ruth 1:4
- 1 Samuel 1:7
- 2 Samuel 2:10
- 1 Kings 2:11
- 2 Kings 1:17
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
