חַ֫יִל
strength
also: might, efficiency, wealth, army fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
- Proper
- A name of a specific person, place, or people (e.g. Abraham, Zion, Israel).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Every verse where H2428 appears in the Book of 2 Chronicles — 21 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
2 Chronicles
- 2 Chronicles 9:1 בְּ/חַ֣יִל prep + n c ms When the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, she came to prove Solomon with hard questions at Jerusalem, with a very great train, and camels that bore spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she talked with him of all that was in her heart.
- 2 Chronicles 13:3 בְּ/חַ֨יִל֙ חָֽיִל prep + n c ms n c ms Abijah joined battle with an army of valiant men of war, even four hundred thousand chosen men: and Jeroboam set the battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, who were mighty men of valor.
- 2 Chronicles 14:8 חַיִל֮ חָֽיִל n c ms n c ms Asa had an army that bore bucklers and spears, out of Judah three hundred thousand; and out of Benjamin, that bore shields and drew bows, two hundred eighty thousand: all these were mighty men of valor.
- 2 Chronicles 14:9 בְּ/חַ֨יִל֙ prep + n c ms There came out against them Zerah the Ethiopian with an army of a million troops, and three hundred chariots; and he came to Mareshah.
- 2 Chronicles 16:4 הַ/חֲיָלִ֤ים ptcl def.art + n c mp Ben Hadad listened to king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel; and they struck Ijon, and Dan, and Abel Maim, and all the store-cities of Naphtali.
- 2 Chronicles 16:8 לְ/חַ֧יִל prep + n c ms Weren't the Ethiopians and the Lubim a huge host, with chariots and horsemen exceeding many? yet, because you did rely on Yahweh, he delivered them into your hand.
- 2 Chronicles 17:2 חַ֔יִל n c ms He placed forces in all the fortified cities of Judah, and set garrisons in the land of Judah, and in the cities of Ephraim, which Asa his father had taken.
- 2 Chronicles 17:13 חַ֖יִל n c ms He had many works in the cities of Judah; and men of war, mighty men of valor, in Jerusalem.
- 2 Chronicles 17:14 חַ֔יִל n c ms This was the numbering of them according to their fathers' houses: Of Judah, the captains of thousands: Adnah the captain, and with him mighty men of valor three hundred thousand;
- 2 Chronicles 17:16 חָֽיִל n c ms and next to him Amasiah the son of Zichri, who willingly offered himself to Yahweh; and with him two hundred thousand mighty men of valor.
- 2 Chronicles 17:17 חַ֖יִל n c ms Of Benjamin: Eliada a mighty man of valor, and with him two hundred thousand armed with bow and shield;
- 2 Chronicles 23:14 הַ/חַ֗יִל ptcl def.art + n c ms Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds who were set over the host, and said to them, Have her forth between the ranks; and whoever follows her, let him be slain with the sword: for the priest said, Don't kill her in the house of Yahweh.
- 2 Chronicles 24:24 חַ֨יִל֙ n c ms For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men; and Yahweh delivered a very great host into their hand, because they had forsaken Yahweh, the God of their fathers. So they executed judgment on Joash.
- 2 Chronicles 25:6 חָ֖יִל n c ms He hired also one hundred thousand mighty men of valor out of Israel for one hundred talents of silver.
- 2 Chronicles 26:11 חַיִל֩ n c ms Moreover Uzziah had an army of fighting men, who went out to war by bands, according to the number of their reckoning made by Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the officer, under the hand of Hananiah, one of the king's captains.
- 2 Chronicles 26:12 חָ֔יִל n c ms The whole number of the heads of fathers' [houses], even the mighty men of valor, was two thousand and six hundred.
- 2 Chronicles 26:13 חָ֑יִל n c ms Under their hand was an army, three hundred thousand and seven thousand and five hundred, who made war with mighty power, to help the king against the enemy.
- 2 Chronicles 26:17 חָֽיִל n c ms Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him eighty priests of Yahweh, who were valiant men:
- 2 Chronicles 28:6 חָ֑יִל n c ms For Pekah the son of Remaliah killed in Judah one hundred twenty thousand in one day, all of them valiant men; because they had forsaken Yahweh, the God of their fathers.
- 2 Chronicles 32:21 חַ֨יִל֙ n c ms Yahweh sent an angel, who cut off all the mighty men of valor, and the leaders and captains, in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. When he was come into the house of his god, those who came forth from his own bowels killed him there with the sword.
- 2 Chronicles 33:14 חַ֛יִל n c ms Now after this he built an outer wall to the city of David, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entrance at the fish gate; and he compassed Ophel about [with it], and raised it up to a very great height: and he put valiant captains in all the fortified cities of Judah.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“strength” is the headline sense of the Hebrew noun חיל (chayil). Where the King James Version says “army,” newer translations reach for “valor” (unfoldingWord Literal Text); the renderings breakdown has the detail. It appears 221 verses across 31 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its common vocabulary. First canonically at Genesis 34:29, it enters the text early. Beyond “strength” it also covers “might”, “efficiency”, and “wealth” — see its full sense range. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H2428 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 221
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 221 distinct verses.
- 31 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 31 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #204
- by frequency
- Top 250 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 204 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 221 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Jeremiah 29 verses 13%
- 1 Chronicles 26 verses 12%
- 2 Chronicles 21 verses 10%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 221 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 113 verses · 51%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 91 verses · 41%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 17 verses · 8%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Army 35×, Valour 31×, Host 18×
- American Standard Version†: Army 30×, Valor 30×, Forces 13×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Army 72×, Valor 50×, Wealth 26×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Valor 59×, Army 44×, Strength 28×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H2428 across 238† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 47 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 5 further occurrences.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H2428 across 237† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 50 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H2428 across 233† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 32 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 10 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H2428 across 217† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
7 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 7 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1. strength, usually physical:
- a. seld. alone (chiefly poet.) 1 S 2:4 ψ 18:33, 40 = 2 S 22:33, 40; also גָּֽבְרוּ ח׳ Jb 21:7, cf. Ec 10:10; מֵחַיִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל ψ 84:8; בְּכֹחַ ח׳ 2 Ch 26:13; of virility Pr 31:3; of י׳’s power ψ 59:12; 110:3, cf. Hb 3:19; strength of horse ψ 33:17; fig. of product of vine and fig-tree Jo 2:22 (‖ פְּרִי). e.g. 1 Samuel 2:4
- b. of result or display of strength עשׂה ח׳ achieve might = do valiantly Nu 24:18 (JE), 1 S 14:48 ψ 60:14 = 108:14, 118:15, 16. e.g. Numbers 24:18
- c. often in phrases גִּבּוֹר(הַ)ח׳, גִּבּוֹרֵי(הַ)ח׳ hero(es) of strength, mighty man (men) of valour Jos 1:14 (D), 6:2; 8:3; 10:7 (all JE), Ju 6:12; 11:1; 1 S 9:1 16:18 1 K 11:28 2 K 5:1; 15:20; 24:14, 16 1 Ch 5:24; 7:2, 9; 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note especially הַגִּבּוֹרִים וכל גבורי ח׳ 28:1; also ג׳ ח׳ 2 Ch 13:3 (‖ ג׳ מלחמה); ג׳ (הַ)חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5, 7, 11, 40; 11:26 (v. also גִּבּוֹר, p. 150); בֶּן־(הַ)ח׳, בְּנֵי(הַ)ח׳ Dt 3:18 Ju 18:2 + (v. בֵּן 8, p. 121); אִישׁ ח׳, אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Ju 3:29; 20:44, 46 1 S 31:12; 2 S 11:16; 23:20; (Qr; Kt חי, on phr. בן־אישׁ חיל cf. Dr) = 1 Ch 11:22 (Kt חיל), 2 S 24:9 Na 2:4 Je 48:14 1 Ch 10:12 Ne 11:6 ψ 76:6; ironical א׳ ח׳ לִמְסֹךְ שֵׁבָר Is 5:22 (‖ גבורים לשׁתות יין); Ec 12:3 metaph. of legs. e.g. Joshua 1:14
- 2. ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Gn 47:6 (J), Ex 18:21, 25 (both E); of a woman אֵשֶׁת ח׳ Pr 12:4; 31:10 Ru 3:11; cf. 1 K 1:42, 52 (opp. רעה), and especially אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ יִרְאֵי אלהים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שׂנְאֵי בָּ֑צַע Ex 18:21 (E); עָשָׂה היל Pr 31:29 do worthily, efficiently, perhaps also Ru 4:11; late (with weakened meaning of גִּבּוֹר) גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים 1 Ch 9:13, cf. אישׁ ח׳ בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲכֹדָה 26:8. So also 1 S 10:26 (read בְּנֵי ח׳, v. 𝔊 We Dr, men of worth, opp. בני בליעל v 27).for MT ח׳ force, band. e.g. Genesis 47:6
- 3. wealth Gn 34:29 Nu 31:9 (both P), Dt 8:17, 18; 33:11 Is 8:4; 10:14; 30:6 (‖ אוֹצְרֹתָם), 60:5 (‖ הֲמוֹן יָם), v 11; 61:6 Mi 4:13 Je 15:13; 17:3 (both ‖ אצרות), Zp 1:13 Ez 26:12; 28:4, 5(×2) Zc 14:14 Jb 5:5; 15:29; 20:15, 18; 31:25 ψ 49:7, 11; 62:11; 73:12 Pr 13:22. e.g. Genesis 34:29
- 4. force, army, very often Ex 14:4, 9, 17, 28 (all P), 15:4 (song), 1 S 17:20; 2 S 8:9 2 K 6:4, 15; 25:1, 5(×2), 10 2 Ch 13:3 (בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מלחמה), 14:7; 16:7; 23:14 +; so usually Jer.: Je 32:2; 34:1 +; freq. Ezek.: Ez 17:17; 27:10 +; Dn 11:7, 13, 25(×2), 26; = a band 1 S 10:26 (MT, but v. 2, ad fin.); of queen’s train ח׳ כָּבֵד 1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1; חֵיל כָּבֵד Is 36:2 = 2 K 18:17 (var. חַיִל) a powerful army (on form cf. Sta§ 194 c); also (late) חֵיל הַצָּבָא 1 Ch 20:1 2 Ch 26:13, חֵיל עָם Est 8:11; הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים Dn 11:10; שַׂר־הח׳ 2 S 24:2 captain of the host, שָׂרֵי הח׳ v 4, 4; שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים captains of armies (bands, divisions) 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 25:23 Je 40:7, 13; 41:11, 13, 16; 42:1, 8; 43:4, 5; פִּקּוּדֵי החיל Nu 31:14 (P).—חֵילוֹ Ez 32:31 om. B Hi Co; for חֵילֵךְ Ez 27:11 read prob. a n.pr.loc., cf. Da; Co proposes חתלון (cf. 47:15; 48:1), HalMél. Epigr. 1874, 69 חלך = Cilicia, v. LagM i, 211. e.g. Exodus 14:4
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. n.m. 2 K 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—abs. ח׳ Gn 47:6 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חֵיל Is 36:2 2 K 18:17; cstr. חֵיל Ex 14:28 + (on ψ 10:10 v. חלכה); sf. חֵילִי Jb 31:25 + 2 times; חֵילְךָ Je 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Ex 14:4 +, etc.; pl. חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5 + 19 times; sf. חֵילֵיהֶם Is 30:6;—
I. v. sub I. II. חול supr.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from חול (chûwl) (H2342) — to writhe.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
חַיִל
- , v. חַיִיל.—בְּרוֹר חַ׳, v. בְּרוֹר.
חֵיל I
- (חוּל, v. חַיִיל) surrounding, esp. Ḥel, a place within the fortification of the Temple. Midd. I, 5. Snh. 88ᵇ. Par. III, 11; Targ. Y. Num. XIX, 9; a. fr.
חִיל
- , Pa. חַיֵּיל, חַיֵּל (denom. of חֵילָא)
- 1. to strengthen. Targ. Job IV, 4. Ib. XVI, 5 (incorr. ed. אאח׳); a. e.
- 2. to serve. Targ. Num. IV, 23; a. e.
- 1. to be strengthened. Targ. Job VI, 16; a. fr.
- 2. to move into war, to gather together. Targ. Num. XXXI, 7. Targ. Job X, 17 (some ed. מתייחל׳, corr. acc.).
חֵיל II
- (v. חַיִל)
- 1. (adj.) strong. Targ. Job VIII, 2 Ms. (ed. רַבָּא). Keth. 62ᵃ דחיל מר כולי האי Ar. ed. Koh. (Var. דחֵילָא דמר; ed. דהכי) that you are so strong (that such is your strength).
- 2. (noun) strength. Targ. Job XX, 11 (ed. Lag. חִיּוּל׳; some ed. חֲיָיל׳). Targ. Prov. V, 10; a. fr.—Keth. 62ᵃ, v. supra. Y. B. Mets. IV, beg. 9ᶜ עד דהוה חֵילָךְ עלך while thou wast yet in thy strength (of manhood). Y. Yeb. IV, 6ᵇ לית בחֲיָילִי I cannot do it. B. Mets. 84ᵃ חילך לאורייתא give thy physical strength to the study of the Law; a. fr.—Trnsf. logical support, evidence, argument. Y. Pes. V, 32ᵃ top נסיב חֲיָילֵיה מן וכ׳ borrowed his argument from &c. Y. Maasr. I, 49ᵇ top; a. e.
- 3. army, host; service. Targ. Num. I, 3; a. fr.—Targ. Ps. LXVIII, 12 Ms. (ed. חֵילְוַת).—Pl. חֵילַיָּא, constr. חֵילֵי; חֵילְוָתָא, constr. חֵילְוַת. Targ. Ex. XII, 41. Targ. I Kings XXII, 19; a. fr.—Targ. Ps. XXXIII, 16; a. fr. Targ. II Esth. I, 4 ed. Amst. חֶלְוָתָא. Targ. Ps. XLIV, 10 ed. Lag. חֵילְוָתָנָא (oth. ed. חֵילְוָנָא, חַלְוָנָא).—Ḥull. 60ᵃ נפישן חֵילְוָותֵיה (not נפישי) his troops are too numerous.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 99 distinct written forms H2428 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 39 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H2428, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
- חוילה Chăvîylâh H2341 Havilah
- חול Chûwl H2343 Hul
- חלחול Chalchûwl H2478 Halhul
- חילם Chêylâm H2431 Helam
- חילן Chîylên H2432 Hilen
- חלן Chêlôn H2497 Helon
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 15 — not the complete family. 6 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 207 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 221 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 34:29
- Exodus 14:4
- Numbers 24:18
- Deuteronomy 3:18
- Joshua 1:14
- Judges 3:29
- Ruth 2:1
- 1 Samuel 2:4
- 2 Samuel 2:7
- 1 Kings 1:42
- 2 Kings 2:16
- 1 Chronicles 5:18
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
