יָתַר
to remain
‘to remain’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Niphal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
Stem
- Niphal
- Usually the simple passive or reflexive of the Qal (“he was written”). Here: ‘be left over’
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”). Here: ‘leave over’
Form
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Participle Passive
- A verbal adjective expressing action received (“written”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Jussive
- A third- or second-person volitional form expressing wish or command (“let him write”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Singular
- One.
5 verses where H3498 appears in the Niphal stem in the Book of Isaiah. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Isaiah
- Isaiah 1:8 וְ/נוֹתְרָ֥ה conj + Niphal pf 3fs The daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, Like a hut in a field of melons, Like a besieged city.
- Isaiah 4:3 וְ/הַ/נּוֹתָר֙ conj + ptcl def.art + Niphal ptcp.act ms It will happen, that he who is left in Zion, and he who remains in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even everyone who is written among the living in Jerusalem;
- Isaiah 7:22 הַ/נּוֹתָ֖ר ptcl def.art + Niphal ptcp.act ms and it shall happen, that because of the abundance of milk which they shall give he shall eat butter: for everyone will eat butter and honey that is left in the midst of the land.
- Isaiah 30:17 נוֹתַרְתֶּ֗ם Niphal pf 2mp One thousand [shall flee] at the threat of one; at the threat of five shall you flee: until you be left as a beacon on the top of a mountain, and as an ensign on a hill.
- Isaiah 39:6 יִוָּתֵ֥ר Niphal impf 3ms Behold, the days are coming, when all that is in your house, and that which your fathers have laid up in store until this day, shall be carried to Babylon: nothing shall be left, says Yahweh.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, יתר (yâthar) means “to remain.” The King James Version usually renders it “rest,” while modern versions prefer “remaining” (Berean Standard Bible) — see the renderings breakdown. Spanning 101 verses in 23 books, it ranks among the common words of the Hebrew Bible. Scripture first uses it in Genesis 30:36. Read the stem: it spans 3 stems, including Qal and Niphal. Dig into 101-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3498 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 101
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 101 distinct verses.
- 23 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 23 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #405
- by frequency
- Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 405 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 101 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 101 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 57 verses · 56%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 29 verses · 29%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 15 verses · 15%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Rest 11×, Were left 10×, Left 8×
- American Standard Version: Rest 14×, Were left 9×, Is left 6×
- Berean Standard Bible: Remaining 11×, Rest 9×, Remainder 8×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Remaining 19×, Remainder 11×, And 7×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3498 across 107 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 31 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3498 across 108 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 36 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3498 across 106 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 35 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3498 across 128 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 38 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
8 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 8 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- Pt. הַיּוֹתֵר 1 S 15:15 the remainder†. e.g. 1 Samuel 15:15
Niphal
- be left over, remain over; Pf. נוֹתַר Ex 10:15 + 8 times, etc.; Impf. יִוָּתֵר 2 K 20:17 + 2 times; יִוָּתֶ֥ר בָּ֑הּ Zc 13:8; וַיִּוָּתֵר Gn 32:25 + 2 times; וָאִוָּתֵר 1 K 19:10, 14, etc.; Pt. נוֹתָר 1 S 2:26 + 17 times, נֹתָר Ex 12:10; fs. נוֹתֶ֫רֶת Lv 2:3 + 3 times; mpl. נוֹתָרִים Ju 8:10 + 24 times, etc.;—be left over, remain (over), abs. Ex 10:15 (J), Jos 11:11, 22 (D), Ju 9:5 Is 1:8; 30:17 1 K 18:22 2 K 20:17 = Is 39:6; sq. לְבַדּוֹ be left alone Gn 32:25 (J), so 1 K 19:10, 14; sq. מִן be left from (= of) 2 S 13:30 Ex 29:34 Nu 26:65 (both P), ψ 106:11; pt. sq. מִן Ju 8:10 + 10 times P, 1 K 9:20 = 2 Ch 8:7, Zc 14:16 1 Ch 6:46; sq. לְ, be left (surviving) to, 1 S 25:34 2 S 9:1, of those belonging to Gn 44:20 (J; לְבַדּוֹ לְאִמּוֹ); sq. בְּ be left in (= of) 2 S 17:12 Jos 18:2 (JE), also pt. Lv 8:32; 14:18 (P), Ez 48:15, 18; often sq. בְּ loc. &Am 6:9 + 11 times; sq. בֵּית in the house of Je 27:21; sq. על־פני הארץ Ez 39:14 (pt.); sq. אַחֲרֵי = be left behind (of sons) 1 K 9:21 = 2 Ch 8:8; sq. שָׁם + אֵצֶל Dn 10:13 I was left over there beside the kings (i.e. I had nothing more to do; cf. VB); elsewhere pt. abs., as adj. Gn 30:36 (J), Jos 17:2, 6 (JE), Lv 10:12, 16; 27:18 Jos 21:5, 26, 34 (all P), Je 34:7 1 Ch 6:55, 62; 24:20; as subst. Ju 21:7, 16 1 S 30:9 Ex 28:10; 29:34 Lv 19:6 (all P), 1 K 20:30(×2) 2 K 4:7 Ez 34:18; 48:21 2 Ch 31:10. e.g. Exodus 10:15
Hiphil
- Pf. הוֹתִיר Ex 10:15 Is 1:9, etc.; Impf. יוֹתִיר Dt 28:54; juss. יוֹתֵר Ex 16:19; וַיּוֹתֵר 2 S 8:4 2 Ch 18:4; 3 fs. וַתֹּתַ֑ר Ru 2:14; 2 ms. juss. תּוֹתַר Gn 49:4; 1 s. אוֹתִיר Ez 39:28; 3 mpl. וַיּוֹתִרוּ Ex 16:20 2 K 4:44; 2 mpl. תּוֹתִירוּ Ex 12:10 + 2 times; Imv. הוֹתֵר ψ 79:11; Inf. abs. הוֹתֵר 2 K 4:43 + 2 times; cstr. הוֹתִיר Je 44:7;— e.g. Exodus 10:15
- 1.
- a. leave over, leave Ex 10:15 (J), Ru 2:14 (obj.om.), v 18 2 K 4:43 (אָכוֹל וְהוֹתֵר, v. infr.), v 44 (obj.om. in both), 2 Ch 31:10; יֶתֶר בָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יוֹתִיר Dt 28:54; sq. obj. שָׂרִיד + ל pers. Is 1:9; obj. שְׁאֵרִית + ל pers. Je 44:7; sq. מִן from (= of), 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4, Nu 33:55 (P), Ez 12:16; + עַד temp. Ex 12:10; 16:19, 20 (all P), Lv 22:30 (H); + שָׁם loc. Ez 39:28. e.g. Exodus 10:15
- b. abs. leave a remnant Ez 6:8 (denom. from יֶתֶר? e.g. Ezekiel 6:8
- c. save over ψ 79:11 הַתֵּר release (We 𝔙 𝔗). e.g. Psalms 79:11
- 2. excel, shew pre-eminence Gn 49:4 (Poem in J). e.g. Genesis 49:4
- 3. shew excess = have more than enough Ex 36:7 (P; vid. also 2 K 4:43 2 Ch 31:10 supr.); make abundant Dt 28:11; 30:9 (sq. sf. pers. + ב rei.). e.g. Exodus 36:7
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
vb. remain over (NH id.; Aramaic יְתַר, ܝܺܬܰܪ id.; Zinj. יתר n. rest, remainder; Ethiopic ወተረ Assyrian [atâru], remain over, in der. conj., DlHWB; in Sab. ותר CIS iv, 15, 46, p. 77; especially n. ותר as epithet of king = noble one, and as n.pr. ותרם MordtZMG, 1876, 37, 292 DHMZMG, 1883, 15 CISiv, 10; Arabic وَتَرَ is make single, make to be one, or an odd number)—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
יָתַר
- [to be strong; denom. יֶתֶר cord, v. יִתְרָא I,] to be rich, plentiful.
- to be left over.—Part. נוֹתָר m. portions of sacrifices left over beyond the legal time and bound to be burnt. Kerith. III, 4 והיה נ׳ מן וכ׳ and it was an overdue remnant of sacrifices. Ib. I, 1 דם נ׳ blood of overdue sacrifices. Meïl. I, 3, a. fr. משום נ׳ as coming under the law of nothar; a. v. fr.—Pl. נוֹתָרִים, נוֹתָרוֹת. Sifré Aḥăré Par. 5, ch. VII.—Cant. R. to V, 14 כמה נ׳ how many laws about nothar. Num. R. s. 11 שלא לפסול … בנ׳ not to unfit any of the sacrifices by allowing them to become overdue.
- to leave over; to go beyond; to be more. Mekh. Bo s. 6 אם ה׳ if he left a part of the Passover lamb over until morning. Sifra Tsav, Par. 7, ch. XII אם ה׳ ה׳ if he has left over, he has left over (and it may be eaten). Ib. אם הוֹתִירוּ כולו if they left the whole of it over (for the second day); a. fr.—Ber. 34ᵇ לא חסרתם ולא הוֹתַרְתֶּם you stated the time neither too early nor too late. B. Bath. VII, 2 ה׳ כל שהוא if it was somewhat more (than the stated measure).—b) הִתִּיר (cmp. הִצִּיק fr. יָצַק), v. infra.
- (denom. of יָתֵר) to add; to do too much. Erub. 13ᵃ שמא אתה … מְיַיתֵּר for if thou omit one letter or write one too many; Sot. 20ᵃ תַּתִּיר Hif. (v. supra). Ex. R. s. 27; Tanḥ. Yithro 4 his name was Jether (Jethro) שֶׁיִּ׳ פרשה וכ׳ because he gave rise to an additional chapter (about judges) in the Law; Mekh. ib., Amalek, s. 1 שהוֹתִיר.—Ib. שיי׳ במעשים טובים because he did more (than ordinary men, was liberal in) good deeds. [Y. Keth. IV, end, 29ᵇ וייתר, v. יָתַר.]—Part. pass. מְיוּתָּר, pl. מְיוּתָּרִין added, superfluous. Koh. R. to V, 8 (ref. to ויתרון, ib.) דברים שתראה (ש)הן מי׳ לתורה (not בתורה) things which thou wouldst regard as additions to the Law. Ib. אפי׳ דברים … מי׳ בעולם even things in nature which thou wouldst believe to be superfluous (useless); Ex. R. s. 10; (Gen. R. s. 10 יְתֵירָה); a. e.
- to be left over. Yoma 46ᵃ איברי עולה שנִתּוֹתְרוּ parts of a burnt-offering which remained over (failed to be entirely burnt). Pes. 59ᵇ כשנִיתּוֹתְרוּ when they were left over (unoffered).
יְתַר
- [Targ. Ruth II, 16, a. e. מיתר, v. נְתַר.]
- 1. to leave over. Targ. II Kings IV, 43; a. e.—Y. Peah VII, 20ᵃ bot. ואַיְיתְרוּן.
- 2. to bless with plenty. Targ. O. Deut. XXVIII, 11; XXX, 9.
- , as preced. Pi.—Part. pass. מְיַיתַּר, f. מְיַיתְּרָא larger. Meg. 19ᵃ מחסרא או מיי׳ smaller in size or larger.
- 1. to be left over; (in legal interpret.) to be superfluous in the Bible text and therefore available for interpretation. Targ. O. Ex. XXXVI, 7 וִיתָּרַת (= ואִיתָּ׳, ed. Berl. וְיִתַּרַת, corr. acc.).—Ber. 35ᵃ, v. הִילּוּל. Men. 93ᵃ אִיַּיתְּרוּ ליה תרי קראי two verses remain for interpretation; Arakh. 2ᵇ אייתרי להו תרי (v. Rabb. D. S. to Men. l. c. note).—
- *2. to be added, included. Sabb. 64ᵃ אִיַּיתּוּר ליה (some ed. אייתר) they are now included (Ms. M. אייתי they include it, v. אֲתָא).
יָתֵר
- (preced. wds.)
- 1. additional, a person having an additional limb. Bekh. VII, 6 י׳ בידיו וכ׳ if one has an additional finger (or toe) on each of his hands and feet. Ib. 45ᵇ.—Ib. 40ᵃ חסר וי׳ ביד having one toe less or one too many on the forefoot. Ib. כל יתיר כנטול דמי every addition is considered equal to the entire absence of the respective limb; Ḥull. 58ᵇ כל יתר וכ׳. B. Bath. VII, 2, sq. הן י׳ (יתיר a. יתר interchanging), v. הֵן; a. fr.—Fem. יְתֵרָה, יְתֵירָה; (as noun also) יְתֶרֶת, יְתֶירֶת. Bekh. VII, 6 (45ᵃ) היתה (בה) בו יתרת וכ׳ (Rashi יתירה; Ib. יתירת) if there has been an additional limb and he had it cut off. Ib. 40ᵃ י׳ על של משה וכ׳ (a cubit measure) larger than the Mosaic by &c. Ḥull. III, 6 (as a sign of clean birds) כל שיש לו אצבע י׳ that which has an additional toe (on top of those in a line). Keth. 76ᵃ יתירת a woman having an additional limb. Erub. 83ᵃ י׳ על מדברית וכ׳ one sixth larger than &c.; a. fr. [V. יְתֵירָה.]—Pl. יְתֵרִים, יְתֵרִין, יְתֵי׳; f. יְתֵירוֹת. Macc. 23ᵃ יְתֵירֵי מדע men of more than ordinary knowledge; י׳ כח of more than common physical strength.—[Gen. R. s. 98 הניחו יתירות left remants of the conquered nations, prob. to be read: יְתֵידוֹת, v. יָתֵד.]—Esp. יְתֶרֶת an additional lobe of the lungs. Ḥull. 47ᵃ (not יות׳).
- 2. a word written plene, with vowel letters.—Pl. יְתֵירוֹת. Erub. 13ᵃ, a. e., v. חָסֵר II.
יֶתֶר I
- v. יָתַר)
- 1. cord, bow-string. Lev. R. s. 5 (ref. to Ps. XI, 2), v. מִתְחָא.—2) = יוֹתֵר addition, (adv.) more. Bekh. VII, 1 (43ᵃ) וי עליהן וכ׳ Bab. ed. (Mish. יותר עליהן באדם וכ׳) to these must be added, with reference to blemishes of human beings, the wedge-shaped head &c. Erub. 83ᵇ י׳על כן more than that. Gitt. III, 1 י׳מכן nay, even more; a. fr. e.g. Psalms 11:2
יֶתֶר II
- (b. h.) pr. n. m. Jether, v. יִתְרוֹ a. יִתְרָא II.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 82 distinct written forms H3498 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 22 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3498, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
- יותר yôwthêr H3148 advantage
- יתור yâthûwr H3491 to remain
- יתר yether H3499 remainder
- יתרון yithrôwn H3504 profit
- יתרת yôthereth H3508 appendage
- מותר môwthâr H4195 abundance
- מיתר mêythâr H4340 cord
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 11 — not the complete family. 3 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 94 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 101 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 30:36
- Exodus 10:15
- Leviticus 2:3
- Numbers 26:65
- Deuteronomy 28:11
- Joshua 11:11
- Judges 8:10
- Ruth 2:14
- 1 Samuel 2:36
- 2 Samuel 8:4
- 1 Kings 15:18
- 2 Kings 4:7
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
