שלם
to be at peace
‘to be at peace’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Piel verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Piel
- An intensive or resultative active stem. Here: ‘complete’
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”). Here: ‘complete’
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘be complete’
- Pual
- The passive counterpart of the Piel. Here: ‘be performed’
- Hophal
- The passive counterpart of the Hiphil (“he was caused to…”).
Form
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Cohortative
- A first-person volitional form expressing wish or resolve (“let me / let us write”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
- Participle Passive
- A verbal adjective expressing action received (“written”).
- Jussive
- A third- or second-person volitional form expressing wish or command (“let him write”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
2 verses where H7999 appears in the Pual stem in the Book of Proverbs. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Proverbs
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
שלם (shâlam) is a Hebrew verb most often rendered “to be at peace.” Where the King James Version says “pay,” newer translations reach for “repay” (Berean Standard Bible) and “compensate” (unfoldingWord Literal Text); the renderings breakdown has the detail. The Hebrew Bible uses it across 107 verses — common. Debuting at Genesis 44:4, it then recurs through the corpus. Different stems carry different senses — BDB groups them under 5 stems, among them Qal and Piel. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7999 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 107
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 107 distinct verses.
- 25 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 25 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #377
- by frequency
- Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 377 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 107 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 107 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 44 verses · 41%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 40 verses · 37%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 23 verses · 21%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 4 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Pay 9×, He shall restore 5×, I will pay 5×
- American Standard Version†: Pay 7×, I will pay 5×, Shall make it good 3×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Repay 7×, Fulfill 5×, I will fulfill 5×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Compensate 6×, He shall 6×, And 5×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7999 across 116† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 71 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7999 across 116† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 78 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7999 across 109† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 60 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 7 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7999 across 134† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 55 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
25 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Pual (the passive of Piel) and Hophal (the passive of Hiphil).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 25 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
שלם I be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb 376 GACooke 99, also 81, 111, etc.
Qal
- Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁלְמוּ Is 60:20; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Jb 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם 1 K 7:51 + 2 times;— e.g. Isaiah 60:20
- 1. be complete, finished, ended: temple 1 K 7:51 = 2 Ch 5:1; walls of city Ne 6:15; of time Is 60:20. e.g. 1 Kings 7:51
- 2. be sound, uninjured, Jb 9:4. e.g. Job 9:4
Piel
- Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּם Lv 5:24 +, 1 s. וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Je 16:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלֵּם Ex 21:34 +; sf. יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Lv 24:18 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלֵּם Ec 5:3 ψ 50:14, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁלֵּם Ex 21:36 +; cstr. id. Pr 22:27, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּם Dt 7:10 +, etc.;— e.g. Leviticus 5:24
- 1. complete, finish, temple 1 K 9:25. e.g. 1 Kings 9:25
- 2. make safe, c. acc. Jb 8:6. e.g. Job 8:6
- 3. make whole or good, restore thing lost Jo 2:25, or stolen Ex 21:37 (E); pay a debt 2 K 4:7 ψ 37:21 Pr 22:27; Jb 41:3; make compensation, for injury Lv 24:18, 21 (P); for trespass in sacred things 5:16 (P). e.g. Joel 2:25
- 4. make good, i.e. pay, vows, c. acc. נֶדֶר Dt 23:22; 2 S 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) ψ 50:14; 66:13; 116:14, 18; obj. om. 76:12; abs. Is 19:21; c. acc. תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God ψ 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Ho 14:3 (v. p. 830b). e.g. Deuteronomy 23:22
- 5. requite, recompense, reward, good 1 S 24:20; Ru 2:12; evil Is 65:6; Je 51:56; c. ל pers. Dt 7:10 + 4 times, + (c. acc. rei) Je 51:24; אל pers. Jb 21:19; acc. rei Pr 20:22; Je 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Is 59:18(×2), (but v. i. שִׁלֵּם), 66:6 + (v. גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Jb 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Jo 4:4; עַל חֵיק Is 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Je 32:18; †c. ל pers. and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works 2 S 3:39 + 3 times; acc. pers. ψ 31:24; acc. rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Gn 44:4 (J) ψ 35:12; 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי). e.g. 1 Samuel 24:20
Pual
- Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּם ψ 65:2 Je 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Pr 11:31; 13:13;— e.g. Psalms 65:2
- 1. be performed, of vow ψ 65:2. e.g. Psalms 65:2
- 2. be repaid, requited, Je 18:20; Pr 11:31; 13:13. e.g. Jeremiah 18:20
Hiphil
- 1. complete, perform: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁלִים Jb 23:14; Is 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v 28. e.g. Job 23:14
- 2. make an end of, 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Is 38:12, 13 (𝔊 Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic). e.g. Isaiah 38:12
שלם II complete, safe, at peace
- 1. complete:
- a. full, perfect: אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה full weight Dt 25:15; Pr 11:1, אֵיפָה שׁ׳ Dt 25:15; of עָוֹן Gn 15:16 (JE); number of captives Am 1:6, 9; of army Na 1:12 (text corrupt; 𝔊 משֵׁל מַיִם, but?; v. Comm.); of reward Ru 2:12; of stones, whole (in natural condition, unhewn) Dt 27:6; Jos 8:31 (cf. law Ex 20:25). e.g. Deuteronomy 25:15
- b. finished: i.e. hewn stones 1 K 6:7; temple 2 Ch 8:16. e.g. 1 Kings 6:7
- 2. safe, unharmed, of pers. Gn 33:18 (P; Sam. שׁלוֹם, cf. בשׁלום 28:21; not n.pr.loc. as Vrss). e.g. Genesis 33:18
- 3. in covt. of peace, friendship, c. אֵת Gn 34:21 (P); לֵבָב שָׁלֵם עִם י׳ a mind at peace with י׳, keeping covt. relation, hence complete, perfect, 1 K 8:61; 11:4; 15:3, 14; c. אֶל 2 Ch 16:9, אֶל om. 2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3 (לֵב), 1 Ch 12:38; 29:19; 2 Ch 15:17; 19:9; 25:2; לֵב 1 Ch 28:9; 29:9. e.g. Genesis 34:21
שלם III loc. abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.v.), and perhaps (Gunk Dr) intended as archaism Gn 14
שלם IV denom. be in covenant of peace
Qal
- Imv. שְׁלָ֑ם Jb 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Pt. sf. שׁוֹלְמִי ψ 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (cf. 41:10); Pt. pass. cstr. שְׁלֻמֵי 2 S 20:19, read שָׂמוּ EwG iii.264 Ges 130 f.N.4 Dr (cf. We). e.g. Job 22:21
Pual
- Pt. מְשֻׁלָּם Is 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but 𝔊 משְׁלָם their ruler, so CheHpt; Ges Hi Ew al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, cf. √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי). e.g. Isaiah 42:19
Hiphil
- Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Jos 10:4; 11:19; 3 mpl. הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ 10:1; Impf. יַשְׁלִים Is 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Pr 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם 1 K 22:45, etc.;— e.g. Joshua 10:4
- 1. make peace with, אֶת, Jos 10:1, 4; 2 S 10:19 = 1 Ch 19:19 (עִם); עִם Dt 20:12 1 K 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Jos 11:19 submitting unto. e.g. Joshua 10:1
- 2. cause to be at peace, אֶת, Pr 16:7. e.g. Proverbs 16:7
Hophal
- Pf. 3 fs. הָשְׁלְמָה Jb 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית). e.g. Job 5:23
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb 376 GACooke 99, also 81, 111, etc.; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, 𝔗 peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); cf. Sab. סלם peace HomChr 124, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Di 322 security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lzb 376, especially = submission, in n.pr. RSSem. 79 f.; Bondi 70 (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);—
II. adj. complete, safe, at peace;—שׁ׳ Gn 15:16 +; pl. שְׁלֵמִים Gn 34:21; Na 1:12; f. שְׁלֵמָה Dt 25:15 +; pl. שְׁלֵמוֹת 27:6 Jos 8:31;—
III. n.pr.loc. abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.v.), and perhaps (Gunk Dr) intended as archaism Gn 14:18, cf. (poet.) ψ 76:3 (‖ צִיּוֹן); v. JosAnt. i, 10, 2; 𝔊 Σαλημ and (ψ) εἰρήνη.
I. vb. denom. be in covenant of peace;—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
שָׁלֵם
- (b. h.) to be whole, complete; to end, cease. Y. Sot. VIII, 22ᶜ bot. שלום שבימיו שָׁלְמָה וכ׳ Zedekiah was named Shallum, because in his days ended the reign of the house of Judah; Y. Shek. VI, 49ᵈ top; Y. Hor. III, 47ᶜ bot.; Bab. Hor. 11ᵇ; Ker. 5ᵇ ששלם (corr. acc.); Yalk. Kings 250; Yalk. Chr. 1085. Pesik. R. s. 6 (ref. to I Kings VII, 51) כיון שבא … עכשיו שלמה מלאכת וכ׳ when Solomon came and built the Temple, the Lord said, now the work of heaven and earth (creation) is complete; Yalk. Kings 186 שְׁלֵימָה. Pesik. R. l. c. כיון שהִשְׁלִימוּ … שלמה נפשם when the workmen had finished their work, their life was finished (they died); Yalk. l. c.; a. e. e.g. 1 Kings 7:51
- 1. to complete, finish. Pesik. R. l. c., v. supra. Y. R. Hash. I, 57ᵃ top; Y. Shebi. II, 34ᵃ top מכיון שהוא עומד … מַשְׁלִים שנתו since he stands in (has entered) the third year of the tree, he may count it a full year. Yoma 33ᵃ (ref. to Lev. VI, 5, play on עליה … השלמים) עליה הַשְׁלֵם כל וכ׳ with it (the evening sacrifice) cease all sacrifices (none can be offered after it). B. Kam. 10ᵃ החופר … והִשְׁלִימָהּ לעשרה if one digs a pit nine cubits deep, and another comes and completes it to the legal size of ten. Ber. 47ᵇ שחרר … והִשְׁלִימוֹ וכ׳ he freed his slave and used him to complete the quorum of ten persons. Ib. 8ᵇ המשלים פרשיותיו, v. פָּרָשָׁה I. Pesik. R. l. c. לכך נקרא שלמה שה׳ … לתוך מעשה ידיו he is called Sh’lomoh (perfect), because God caused the work of creation to be perfected through his handiwork (the Temple); Yalk. Kings l. c.; a. fr.—Esp. to finish the fast-day. Taan. VII, 9 יַשְׁלִימוּ they must fast the whole day. Yoma 82ᵃ מַשְׁלִימִין they must fast to the end of the day; a. fr.—Part. pass. מוּשְׁלָם perfect, virtuous. Hor. l. c. he was named Shallum שהיה מ׳ במעשיו Ag. Hatt. (ed. משולם) because he was perfect in his deeds; Yalk. Kings 250; Yalk. Chr. l. c. e.g. Leviticus 6:5
- 2. (denom. of שָׁלוֹם) to make friends, or to surrender. Succ. 52ᵃ (ref. to Prov. XXV, 22) א"ת יְשַׁלֵּם אלא יַשְׁלִימֶנּוּ לך read not y’shallem (he will pay) but, he will surrender him (the evil spirit) to thee; (comment.; he will make him be friends with thee).—Part. pass. as ab. Num. R. s. 74 אחד עשר יום היו מוּשְׁלָמִים לאלהים eleven days were they (the Israelites) at peace with God (adhered to him sincerely); כ"ט יום … מוּשְׁלָמִין twenty-nine days they were sincere servants of God, opp. עשו את העגל. Ib. אינם מושלמים לי וכ׳ (ed. Wil. משלמים, corr. acc.) they will be faithful to me only forty days. Gen. R. s. 16, beg. מ׳ לבוראו faithful to his Creator; a. e. e.g. Proverbs 25:22
- to be finished, to end. Tanḥ. Mishp. 19 המלאך אומר נ׳ פלוני the angel says, such and such has ended (must die).
- 1. to perfect.—Part. pass. מְשׁוּלָּם. Hor. l. c., v. supra. Yalk. Lev. 458 מְשׁוּלָּמִים, v. שָׁלוֹם.
- 2. to compensate, reward, pay. Pesik. R. l. c. (play on ותשלם, I Kings VII, 51) עלי לשַׁלֵּם להם מתן שכר it is for me to pay them their reward. Ib. עלי לשלם לו it is for me to compensate it (the month of Kislev) for its loss; ומה ש׳ לו וכ׳ and wherewith did he compensate it? With the dedication under the Hasmonean house. Y. Taan. II, 65ᵇ top (ref. to Mic. VII, 3) שַׁלֵּם לי וַאֲשַׁלֵּם לך (the judge says,) pay me, and I shall pay thee (decide in thy favor). B. Kam. I, 1 חב המזיק לשלם וכ׳ he that caused the damage is bound to pay &c. Ib. 4 משַׁלֵּם נזק שלם must pay the full indemnity. B. Mets. III, 1 ש׳ ולא רצה וכ׳ if he pays in preference to making oath. B. Bath. III, 4 מְשַׁלְּמִין לו את הכל they must pay him in full. Ab. II, 16 שׁיְשַׁלֵּם, v. שָׂכָר; a. v. fr. e.g. 1 Kings 7:51
שִׁלֵם
- 1. to be perfect, complete, finished, spent. Targ. Ex. XXXIX, 32. Targ. Gen. XLVII, 15 (Y. II חסיל). Targ. O. Ex. XXIII, 2 שְׁלַם (ed. Berl. שָׁלִים); a. v. fr.—M. Kat. 28ᵇ דשְׁלִימוּ וכ׳, v. זְוָדָא.
- 2. to be peaceful, sincere, friendly; v. שְׁלִים.
- 1. to complete, finish, fulfil. Targ. II Sam. XXII, 26; Targ. Ps. XVIII, 26. Targ. Job XXIII, 14 (ed. Wil. שַׁלְיֵם, corr. acc.). Targ. Y. II, Ex. XII, 42, v. שְׁלָה; a. fr.—Y. Snh. I, 19ᵃ top קם ר׳ נתן וא׳ R. N. stood up and completed the verse. Ber. 8ᵇ אַשְׁלִימוּ וכ׳ finish your readings, keeping pace with the congregation, v. פָּרָשָׁה I. Taan. 25ᵇ סבר לאַשְׁלוּמינְהוּ he wanted them to finish the fast; a. fr.
- 2. to fill, set. Targ. Ex. XXVIII, 17; XXXIX, 10 (h. text מלא). Ib. XXXI, 5.
- 3. to make peace, be at peace. Targ. Josh. X, 1; 4. Targ. II Sam. X, 9. Ib. XX, 18; a. e.
- 4. (with בתר) to follow exactly, faithfully. Targ. Num. XIV, 24 (h. text מלא). Targ. Deut. I, 36. Targ. I Kings XI, 6.
- 5. to surrender, hand over, entrust. Targ. Deut. XXXII, 30 (h. text הסגיר). Targ. Ex. XXXI, 3 אשל׳ עימיה וכ׳ I entrusted to him &c. (h. text ואמלא אותו); a. e.—B. Mets. 85ᵃ אַשְׁלְמֵיה לר׳ שמעון וכ׳ he gave him in charge of R. S. (to teach him). Yoma 83ᵇ אַשְׁלִימוּ ליה וכ׳ they gave him their money-bags in trust; a. e.
- 1. to complete; to supply. Targ. I Kings IX, 25.
- 2. (with בתר) to follow. Targ. O. Ex. XX, 5; Targ. Jer. XXXII, 18.
- 3. to recompense, pay. Ib. Targ. Ex. XXI, 34; 36. Targ. Job XX, 10; a. fr.—B. Kam. 13ᵇ בעית לשַׁלּוּמֵי את you would have to pay; בעינא לשלומי must I pay? Ib. 53ᵃ לִישַׁלֵּם האי פלגא וכ׳ let this one pay half, and the other one half; a. fr.
- 1. to be paid; to be rewarded, recompensed. Targ. Ps. LXV, 2. Targ. Prov. XIX, 17 Ms. (ed. מְשַׁלֵּם). Targ. Is. XLII, 19; a. e.—Pes. 28ᵃ מִשְׁתְּלִים, v. גִּירָאָה. B. Kam. l. c. כל היכא … לאִשְׁתַּלּוּמֵי מהאי מִשְׁתַּלֵּם מהאי where indemnity cannot be had from him (who dug the pit), it may be had from him (who owns the pit). Ib. מה דאית לי לאשתלומי מהאיך מִשְׁתַּלַּמְנָא … משתלמנא ממך whatever I can get from him I take; what I cannot get from him, I must get from you; a. fr.
- 2. to be perfect. Meg. 23ᵃ he was called Meshullam, דמִישְּׁלַם בעובדיה (Ms. M. דמוּשְׁלָם Hebraism) because he was perfect in his conduct, v. שָׁלַם; Yalk. Neh. 1070 דמִשְּׁלַם.
שָׁלֵם II
- preced.) whole, complete. Naz. 44 לאביו בזמן שהוא ש׳ וכ׳ ‘for his father’ (Lev. XXI, 2) as long as his body is intact (he may defile himself by contact), but not when it is defective. B. Kam. I, 4, a. fr. נזק ש׳ (abbrev. נ"ש), v. נֵזֶק. Gen. R. s. 79 (ref. to Gen. XXXIII, 18) ש׳ בגופו intact in his body; ש׳ בבניו intact in his children; ש׳ בממונו unimpaired in his possessions; ש׳ בתלמודו whole in his learning (having forgotten nothing of his paternal lessons). Sifra Vayikra, N’dabah, Par. 13, ch. XVI (play on שְׁלָמִים) מי שחוא ש׳ מביא שלמים היה אונן וכ׳ Ar. (ed. שָׁלוֹם) if he is whole (mourns over no loss), he may bring a peace-offering, if he is a mourner, he dare not. Ib. כל קרבן … היה ש׳ מביא וכ׳ whatever sacrifice he may offer, if he is whole, he may &c. Nidd. V, 3 כחתן ש׳, v. חָתָן; a. fr.—B. Kam. 116ᵇ נותן לו שכרו מִשָּׁ׳ he must pay him the full (promised) reward, opp. אין לו אלא שכרו he can claim only the ordinary wages for his labor.—Pl. שְׁלֵמִים, שְׁלֵמִין, שְׁלֵי׳. Sifra l. c. Ber. 39ᵇ פתיתין וש׳ broken pieces of bread and whole loaves. Sabb. 98ᵇ ש׳ solid boards, opp. דנִיסְרָא; a. fr.—Fem. שְׁלֵמָה, שְׁלֵי׳. Zeb. 5ᵃ משנה ש׳ a perfect (undisputed) Mishnah. Ber. l. c. פרוסה של חיטין וש׳ וכ׳ if there is before you a piece of wheat bread, and a whole loaf of barley bread. Ib. מניח … בתוך הש׳ he places the broken with the whole loaf. Ib. וש׳ משנתך (Ms. M. ושלום) and what thou teachest is perfect. Tosef. ib. IV, 15. Men. 65ᵇ ולא תהא תורה ש׳ שלנו וכ׳ should not our perfect Torah pass for as much as your idle talk?; a. fr.—[Y. Pes. II, 29ᵇ bot. מצה שלמה, v. שְׁלֹמֹה.]—Pl. שְׁלֵמוֹת, שְׁלֵי׳. Treat. S’maḥoth ch. VIII, end (ref. to Deut. XXVII, 6) ומה אבנים … יהיו ש׳ לפני בני תורה … יהיו שלימים לפני הקב"ה וכ׳ of stones (for the altar) which do not see …, because they make peace between Israel and their father in heaven, the Lord says, they must be whole before me, how much more must scholars, I who are an atonement for the world, be whole before the Lord!; a. e. e.g. Leviticus 21:2
שְׁלָם
- = h. שָׁלוֹם, perfection, soundness, health, peace. Targ. Ps. XXXVIII, 4. Targ. Gen. XLIII, 23. Ib. 27. Targ. Jud. XI, 13. Targ. Deut. XX, 10 (Y. ed. Vien. לְשׁלֵּם, corr. acc.). Ib. 11 (Y. I דִּשְׁלֵם, corr. acc.; a. fr.).—Taan. 24ᵇ they called to me in my dream, ש׳ טב לרב טב וכ׳ good health to the good teacher from the good Lord &c. Ib. 9ᵇ ליזלו רבנן בש׳ may our teachers (you) go in peace. Yoma 71ᵇ, v. עֲמַם II; a. v. fr.—שאל בש׳ to inquire after the health of; to salute. Targ. Gen. XLIII, 27; a. fr. (v. also סְעַר I).—Y. Ber. II, 4ᵇ, a. e. לא שאיל בשְׁלָמֵיה, v. זְעֵיר II; ib. דלא שאל בשְׁלָמִי he did not salute me. Ber. 9ᵇ כי … שאיל בשְׁלוֹמֵיה וכ׳ when you go up there (to Palestine), greet my brother &c.; a. fr.—יהב ש׳ to offer peace, salute. Taan. 23ᵃ sq. יהבו ליה ש׳ ולא וכ׳ they saluted him, but he did not look at them in a friendly way (give no sign of recognition). Ib.ᵇ מ"ט כי יהיבנא למר ש׳ וכ׳ when we saluted you, why did you make no recognition? Gitt. 62ᵃ מקדים ויהיב להו ש׳ saluted them (gentiles) first; a. fr.—V. בִּשְׁלָמָא.
שָׁלֵם ²
- ; pl. שַׁלְמִין; שַׁלְמַן, v. שְׁלִים.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 85 distinct written forms H7999 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 25 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H7999, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
- שלום shâlôwm H7965 peace
- שלום shillûwm H7966 reward
- שלם shᵉlam H8000 to finish
- שלם shelem H8002 peace offering
- שלם shâlêm H8003 complete
- שלם shillêm H8005 recompense
- שלמן shalmôn H8021 reward
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
- משלם Mᵉshullâm H4918 Meshullam
- משלמות Mᵉshillêmôwth H4919 Meshillemoth
- משלמיה Mᵉshelemyâh H4920 Meshelemiah
- משלמית Mᵉshillêmîyth H4921 Meshillemith
- שולמית Shûwlammîyth H7759 Shulamite
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 13 — not the complete family. 5 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 93 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 107 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 44:4
- Exodus 21:34
- Leviticus 5:16
- Deuteronomy 7:10
- Joshua 10:1
- Judges 1:7
- Ruth 2:12
- 1 Samuel 24:19
- 2 Samuel 3:39
- 1 Kings 22:44
- 2 Kings 4:7
- 1 Chronicles 19:19
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
