מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת
guard
also: charge, function, obligation, service fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Construct-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 54 times (69%)
- Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 13 times (17%)
- Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct 7 times (9%)
- Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Absolute 4 times (5%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 78 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H4931 appears — 69 distinct verses across 18 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 1 verse
Exodus 5 verses
- Exodus 12:6 לְ/מִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת prep + n c fs and you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month; and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at evening.
- Exodus 16:23 לְ/מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת prep + n c fs He said to them, "This is that which Yahweh has spoken, 'Tomorrow is a solemn rest, a holy Sabbath to Yahweh. Bake that which you want to bake, and boil that which you want to boil; and all that remains over lay up for yourselves to be kept until the morning."
- Exodus 16:32 לְ/מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת prep + n c fs Moses said, "This is the thing which Yahweh has commanded, 'Let an omer-full of it be kept throughout your generations, that they may see the bread with which I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the land of Egypt."
- Exodus 16:33 לְ/מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת prep + n c fs Moses said to Aaron, "Take a pot, and put an omer-full of manna in it, and lay it up before Yahweh, to be kept throughout your generations."
- Exodus 16:34 לְ/מִשְׁמָֽרֶת prep + n c fs As Yahweh commanded Moses, so Aaron laid it up before the Testimony, to be kept.
Leviticus 3 verses
- Leviticus 8:35 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs At the door of the Tent of Meeting you shall stay day and night seven days, and keep the charge of Yahweh, that you don't die: for so I am commanded."
- Leviticus 18:30 מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֗/י n c fs cs + sfx pers 1cs Therefore you shall keep my charge, that you do not practice any of these abominable customs, which were practiced before you, and that you do not defile yourselves with them: I am Yahweh your God.'"
- Leviticus 22:9 מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֗/י n c fs cs + sfx pers 1cs "'They shall therefore keep my charge, lest they bear sin for it, and die therein, if they profane it. I am Yahweh who sanctifies them.
Numbers 24 verses
- Numbers 1:53 מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs But the Levites shall encamp around the Tabernacle of the Testimony, that there may be no wrath on the congregation of the children of Israel: and the Levites shall be responsible for the Tabernacle of the Testimony."
- Numbers 3:7 מִשְׁמַרְתּ֗/וֹ מִשְׁמֶ֨רֶת֙ n c fs cs + sfx pers 3ms n c fs cs They shall keep his charge, and the charge of the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.
- Numbers 3:8 מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs They shall keep all the furnishings of the Tent of Meeting, and the obligations of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.
- Numbers 3:25 וּ/מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת conj + n c fs cs The charge of the sons of Gershon in the Tent of Meeting shall be the tabernacle, and the tent, its covering, and the screen for the door of the Tent of Meeting,
- Numbers 3:28 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs According to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, there were eight thousand six hundred, keeping the charge of the sanctuary.
- Numbers 3:31 וּ/מִשְׁמַרְתָּ֗/ם conj + n c fs cs + sfx pers 3mp Their charge shall be the ark, the table, the lamp stand, the altars, the vessels of the sanctuary with which they minister, and the screen, and all its service.
- Numbers 3:32 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be prince of the princes of the Levites, with the oversight of those who keep the charge of the sanctuary.
- Numbers 3:36 מִשְׁמֶרֶת֮ n c fs cs The appointed charge of the sons of Merari shall be the tabernacle's boards, its bars, its pillars, its sockets, all its instruments, all its service,
- Numbers 3:38 מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת לְ/מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs prep + n c fs cs Those who encamp before the tabernacle eastward, in front of the Tent of Meeting toward the sunrise, shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the charge of the sanctuary for the charge of the children of Israel. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death.
- Numbers 4:27 בְּ/מִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת prep + n c fs At the commandment of Aaron and his sons shall be all the service of the sons of the Gershonites, in all their burden, and in all their service; and you shall appoint to them in charge all their burden.
- Numbers 4:28 וּ/מִ֨שְׁמַרְתָּ֔/ם conj + n c fs cs + sfx pers 3mp This is the service of the families of the sons of the Gershonites in the Tent of Meeting: and their charge shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.
- Numbers 4:31 מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת n c fs cs This is the charge of their burden, according to all their service in the Tent of Meeting: the tabernacle's boards, its bars, its pillars, its sockets,
- Numbers 4:32 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs and the pillars of the court around it, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords, with all their instruments, and with all their service: and by name you shall appoint the instruments of the charge of their burden.
- Numbers 8:26 מִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת בְּ/מִשְׁמְרֹתָֽ/ם n c fs prep + n c fp cs + sfx pers 3mp but shall minister with their brothers in the Tent of Meeting, to keep the charge, and shall do no service. Thus shall you do to the Levites concerning their duties."
- Numbers 9:19 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs When the cloud stayed on the tabernacle many days, then the children of Israel kept the charge of Yahweh, and didn't travel.
- Numbers 9:23 מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת n c fs cs At the commandment of Yahweh they encamped, and at the commandment of Yahweh they traveled. They kept the charge of Yahweh, at the commandment of Yahweh by Moses.
- Numbers 17:10 לְ/מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת prep + n c fs Yahweh said to Moses, Put back the rod of Aaron before the testimony, to be kept for a token against the children of rebellion; that you may make an end of their murmurings against me, that they not die.
- Numbers 18:3 מִֽשְׁמַרְתְּ/ךָ֔ וּ/מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs + sfx pers 2ms conj + n c fs cs They shall keep your charge, and the charge of all the Tent: only they shall not come near to the vessels of the sanctuary and to the altar, that they not die, neither they, nor you.
- Numbers 18:4 מִשְׁמֶ֨רֶת֙ n c fs cs They shall be joined to you, and keep the charge of the tent of meeting, for all the service of the Tent: and a stranger shall not come near to you.
- Numbers 18:5 מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת n c fs cs n c fs cs You shall keep the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of the altar; that there be wrath no more on the children of Israel.
- Numbers 18:8 מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs Yahweh spoke to Aaron, I, behold, I have given you the charge of my heave-offerings, even all the holy things of the children of Israel; to you have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to your sons, as a portion forever.
- Numbers 19:9 לְ/מִשְׁמֶ֛רֶת prep + n c fs A man who is clean shall gather up the ashes of the heifer, and lay them up outside of the camp in a clean place; and it shall be kept for the congregation of the children of Israel for a water for impurity: it is a sin-offering.
- Numbers 31:30 מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs Of the children of Israel's half, you shall take one drawn out of every fifty, of the persons, of the oxen, of the donkeys, and of the flocks, [even] of all the cattle, and give them to the Levites, who keep the charge of the tent of Yahweh.
- Numbers 31:47 מִשְׁמֶ֨רֶת֙ n c fs cs even of the children of Israel's half, Moses took one drawn out of every fifty, both of man and of animal, and gave them to the Levites, who kept the charge of the tent of Yahweh; as Yahweh commanded Moses.
Deuteronomy 1 verse
Joshua 1 verse
1 Samuel 1 verse
2 Samuel 1 verse
1 Kings 1 verse
2 Kings 3 verses
- 2 Kings 11:5 מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs He commanded them, saying, This is the thing that you shall do: a third part of you, who come in on the Sabbath, shall be keepers of the watch of the king's house;
- 2 Kings 11:6 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs A third part shall be at the gate Sur; and a third part at the gate behind the guard: so shall you keep the watch of the house, and be a barrier.
- 2 Kings 11:7 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs The two companies of you, even all who go forth on the Sabbath, shall keep the watch of the house of Yahweh about the king.
1 Chronicles 6 verses
- 1 Chronicles 9:23 לְ/מִשְׁמָרֽוֹת prep + n c fp So they and their children had the oversight of the gates of the house of Yahweh, even the house of the tent, by wards.
- 1 Chronicles 9:27 מִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת n c fs They lodged round about the house of God, because the charge [of it] was on them; and to them pertained the opening of it morning by morning.
- 1 Chronicles 12:29 מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs Of the children of Benjamin, the brothers of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept their allegiance to the house of Saul.
- 1 Chronicles 23:32 מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת וּ/מִשְׁמֶ֕רֶת n c fs cs n c fs cs conj + n c fs cs and that they should keep the charge of the tent of meeting, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brothers, for the service of the house of Yahweh.
- 1 Chronicles 25:8 מִשְׁמֶ֗רֶת n c fs They cast lots for their offices, all alike, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
- 1 Chronicles 26:12 מִשְׁמָר֖וֹת n c fp Of these were the divisions of the doorkeepers, even of the chief men, having offices like their brothers, to minister in the house of Yahweh.
2 Chronicles 7 verses
- 2 Chronicles 7:6 מִשְׁמְרוֹתָ֣/ם n c fp cs + sfx pers 3mp The priests stood, according to their offices; the Levites also with instruments of music of Yahweh, which David the king had made to give thanks to Yahweh, (for his loving kindness endures for ever), when David praised by their ministry: and the priests sounded trumpets before them; and all Israel stood.
- 2 Chronicles 8:14 מִ֠שְׁמְרוֹתָ/ם n c fp cs + sfx pers 3mp He appointed, according to the ordinance of David his father, the divisions of the priests to their service, and the Levites to their offices, to praise, and to minister before the priests, as the duty of every day required; the doorkeepers also by their divisions at every gate: for so had David the man of God commanded.
- 2 Chronicles 13:11 מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת n c fs cs and they burn to Yahweh every morning and every evening burnt offerings and sweet incense: the show bread also [set they] in order on the pure table; and the lampstand of gold with the lamps of it, to burn every evening: for we keep the charge of Yahweh our God; but you have forsaken him.
- 2 Chronicles 23:6 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs But let none come into the house of Yahweh, save the priests, and those who minister of the Levites; they shall come in, for they are holy: but all the people shall keep the charge of Yahweh.
- 2 Chronicles 31:16 בְּ/מִשְׁמְרוֹתָ֖/ם prep + n c fp cs + sfx pers 3mp besides those who were reckoned by genealogy of males, from three years old and upward, even everyone who entered into the house of Yahweh, as the duty of every day required, for their service in their offices according to their divisions;
- 2 Chronicles 31:17 בְּ/מִשְׁמְרוֹתֵי/הֶ֖ם prep + n c fp cs + sfx pers 3mp and those who were reckoned by genealogy of the priests by their fathers' houses, and the Levites from twenty years old and upward, in their offices by their divisions;
- 2 Chronicles 35:2 מִשְׁמְרוֹתָ֑/ם n c fp cs + sfx pers 3mp He set the priests in their offices, and encouraged them to the service of the house of Yahweh.
Nehemiah 4 verses
- Nehemiah 7:3 מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ n c fp cs I said to them, Don't let the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand [on guard], let them shut the doors, and bar you them: and appoint watches of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, everyone in his watch, and everyone [to be] over against his house.
- Nehemiah 12:9 לְ/מִשְׁמָרֽוֹת prep + n c fp Also Bakbukiah and Unno, their brothers, were over against them according to their offices.
- Nehemiah 12:45 מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת וּ/מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת n c fs cs conj + n c fs cs They kept the charge of their God, and the charge of the purification, and [so did] the singers and the porters, according to the commandment of David, and of Solomon his son.
- Nehemiah 13:30 מִשְׁמָר֛וֹת n c fp Thus cleansed I them from all foreigners, and appointed charges for the priests and for the Levites, everyone in his work;
Isaiah 1 verse
Ezekiel 7 verses
- Ezekiel 40:45 מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת n c fs cs He said to me, This chamber, whose prospect is toward the south, is for the priests, the keepers of the charge of the house;
- Ezekiel 40:46 מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת n c fs cs and the chamber whose prospect is toward the north is for the priests, the keepers of the charge of the altar: these are the sons of Zadok, who from among the sons of Levi come near to Yahweh to minister to him.
- Ezekiel 44:8 מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֛/י n c fs cs n c fs cs + sfx pers 1cs You have not kept the charge of my holy things; but you have set keepers of my charge in my sanctuary for yourselves.
- Ezekiel 44:14 מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת n c fs cs Yet will I make them keepers of the charge of the house, for all the service of it, and for all that shall be done therein.
- Ezekiel 44:15 מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת n c fs cs But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from me, they shall come near to me to minister to me; and they shall stand before me to offer to me the fat and the blood, says the Lord Yahweh:
- Ezekiel 44:16 מִשְׁמַרְתִּֽ/י n c fs cs + sfx pers 1cs they shall enter into my sanctuary, and they shall come near to my table, to minister to me, and they shall keep my charge.
- Ezekiel 48:11 מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֑/י n c fs cs + sfx pers 1cs [It shall be] for the priests who are sanctified of the sons of Zadok, who have kept my charge, who didn't go astray when the children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray.
Habakkuk 1 verse
Zechariah 1 verse
Malachi 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
משמרת — transliterated mishmereth — is a Hebrew noun carrying the sense “guard.” The King James Version usually renders it “charge,” while modern versions prefer “keeping of” (unfoldingWord Literal Text) — see the renderings breakdown. With 69 verses in 18 books, it is a moderately common word in the Hebrew Bible. Its uses concentrate in Numbers (35% of all occurrences). Alongside “guard” the lexicon also lists “charge”, “function”, and “obligation” — part of its full sense range. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H4931 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 69
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 69 distinct verses.
- 18 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 18 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #514
- by frequency
- Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 514 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 69 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Numbers 24 verses 35%
- 2 Chronicles 7 verses 10%
- Ezekiel 7 verses 10%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 69 distinct verses.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 34 verses · 49%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 18 verses · 26%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 17 verses · 25%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Charge 42×, Ward 6×, Watch 5×
- American Standard Version: Charge 45×, Offices 5×, Be kept 4×
- Berean Standard Bible: Charge 20×, Duties 15×, Responsibilities 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Keeping of 20×, Keeping 16×, Preservation 5×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H4931 across 78 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 12 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H4931 across 77 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 17 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H4931 across 72 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 23 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 6 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H4931 across 78 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 5 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1. guard, watch: בֵּית מ׳ 2 S 20:3 = house of detention, confinement; מ׳ אַתָּה עִמָּדִי 1 S 22:23 i.e. protected, secure; c. שָׁמַר keep the watch 2 K 11:5, 6, 7; 1 Ch 12:30 (van d. H. v 29); = post of watch (fig.) Is 21:8 (‖ מִצְפֶּה), Hb 2:1 (‖ מָצוֹר); pl. = guards Ne 7:3; 1 Ch 9:23. e.g. 2 Samuel 20:3
- 2. keeping, preserving, וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמ׳ Ex 12:6 i.e. ye shall keep it; הַנִּיחוּ לָכֶם לְמ׳ 16:23, cf. v 32, 33, 34; Nu 17:25; 19:9 (all P). e.g. Exodus 12:6
- 3. charge, injunction of י׳, c. שָׁמַר, in gen. Dt 11:1 (+ חֻקּוֹת, מִשְׁפָּטִים, מִצְוֹת), cf. Gn 26:5; 1 K 2:3, and (מ׳ מִצְוַת י׳) Jos 22:3 (all RD), Mal 3:14; of specif. injunctions Lv 18:30; Nu 9:19, 23. e.g. Deuteronomy 11:1
- 4.
- a. ceremoniral office or function (AV RV usually charge) of priest or Levite (P [especially Nu], Ez 40, 44, 48, Chr Zc), mostly c. שָׁמַר: מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדוּת Nu 1:53, מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן י׳ 31:30, 47, מ׳ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ Ez 44:15; Nu 3:38, מ׳ אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 18:4 cf. v 3; 1 Ch 23:32, מ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Nu 3:28, 32; 18:5 1 Ch 23:32, מ׳ קָדָשַׁי (of Isr. in gen.) Ez 44:8, מ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Nu 18:5; Ez 40:46, תְּרוּמֹתָ֑י Nu 18:8, מ׳ הַבַּיִת Ez 40:45; 44:14, מ׳ הַטָּהֳרָה Ne 12:45; c. genit. (sf.) שׁ׳ מ׳ = perform the service imposed by, due to, Lv 8:35; 22:9; Ez 44:8, 16; 48:11; Zc 3:7, מ׳ אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Ne 12:45 (of Judah in gen.); מ׳ הָעֵדָה Nu 3:7a, מ׳ בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ 3:8, 38, מ׳ בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן 3:25, cf. v 7a, 31, 36; 4:27, 28, 31, 32; 18:3; 1 Ch 23:32; also, in secular sense, מ׳ בֵּית שָׁאוּל 1 Ch 12:30; מ׳ מַשָּׂאָם Nu 4:31, כְּלֵי מ׳ מַשָּׂאָם v 32 (v 27 read c. 𝔊 Di Gr Gray, etc. בְּשֵׁמוֹת for במ׳, and perhaps מִשְׁמֶרֶת after אֵת, cf. v 32); עֲלֵיהֶם מ׳ 1 Ch 9:27 i.e. the duty rested upon them;—25:8; 26:12 v. i. עֻמָּה c, d (p. 769 supr.); עַל־מ׳ עֹמְדִים 2 Ch 7:6 were standing according to (or in) their offices, הֱעֶמִיד עַל מ׳ appoint to their offices 8:14; 35:2. e.g. Numbers 1:53
- b. pl. of Levitical divisions for service Ne 12:9. e.g. Nehemiah 12:9
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
n.f. guard, watch, also charge, function;—מ׳ abs. 2 S 20:3 +, cstr. 2 K 11:5 +; abs. מִשְׁמָ֑רֶת Ex 16:34; sf. מִשְׁמַרְתִּי Gn 26:5 +, etc.; pl. מִשְׁמָרוֹת 1 Ch 9:23 +; cstr. מִשְׁמְרוֹת Ne 7:3; sf. -רוֹתָם 2 Ch 7:6 +, -תֵיהֶם 2 Ch 31:17;—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from משמר (mishmâr) (H4929) — guard.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
מִשְׁמֶרֶת
- preced.) guard, trnsf. (v. גֶּדֶר) preventive measure. M. Kat. 5ᵃ; Yeb. 21ᵃ (ref. to Lev. XVIII, 30) עשו מ׳ למִשְׁמַרְתִּי make a guard to my guard, enact measures to prevent a transgression of Biblical laws. e.g. Leviticus 18:30
מְשַׁמֶּרֶת
- (שָׁמַר Pa.) filter, strainer. Sabb. XX, 1 you may suspend (spread out) a strainer &c. Y. Ter. VIII, 45ᵈ המ׳ של יין a strainer filled with wine; a. fr.—Trnsf. Ab. V, 15 מ׳ a scholar retaining what is useless and discarding the useful knowledge.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 41 distinct written forms H4931 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 65 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 69 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 26:5
- Exodus 12:6
- Leviticus 8:35
- Numbers 1:53
- Deuteronomy 11:1
- Joshua 22:3
- 1 Samuel 22:23
- 2 Samuel 20:3
- 1 Kings 2:3
- 2 Kings 11:5
- 1 Chronicles 9:23
- 2 Chronicles 7:6
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
