גּוּר
to sojourn
also: abide, dwell in, dwell with, remain fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘sojourn’
- Hithpolel
- The reflexive counterpart of the Polel.
Form
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
- Cohortative
- A first-person volitional form expressing wish or resolve (“let me / let us write”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Every verse where H1481 appears in the Book of Isaiah — 7 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Isaiah
- Isaiah 5:17 גָּרִ֥ים Qal ptcp.act mp Then the lambs will graze as in their pasture, And strangers will eat the ruins of the rich.
- Isaiah 11:6 וְ/גָ֤ר conj + Qal wpf 3ms The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fattened calf together; and a little child shall lead them.
- Isaiah 16:4 יָג֤וּרוּ Qal impf 3mp Let my outcasts dwell with you; as for Moab, be a covert to him from the face of the destroyer. For the extortioner is brought to nothing, destruction ceases, the oppressors are consumed out of the land.
- Isaiah 23:7 לָ/גֽוּר prep + Qal inf.cs Is this your joyous [city], whose antiquity is of ancient days, whose feet carried her afar off to sojourn?
- Isaiah 33:14 יָג֣וּר יָג֥וּר Qal impf 3ms Qal impf 3ms The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling has seized the godless ones: Who among us can dwell with the devouring fire? who among us can dwell with everlasting burning?
- Isaiah 52:4 לָ/ג֣וּר prep + Qal inf.cs For thus says the Lord Yahweh, My people went down at the first into Egypt to sojourn there: and the Assyrian has oppressed them without cause.
- Isaiah 54:15 גּ֥וֹר יָג֛וּר גָ֥ר Qal inf.abs Qal impf 3ms Qal ptcp.act ms Behold, they may gather together, but not by me: whoever shall gather together against you shall fall because of you.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
גור (gûwr) is a Hebrew verb most often rendered “to sojourn.” Where the King James Version says “sojourn,” newer translations reach for “living” (Berean Standard Bible) and “one sojourning” (unfoldingWord Literal Text); the renderings breakdown has the detail. The Hebrew Bible uses it across 94 verses — moderately common. Debuting at Genesis 12:10, it then recurs through the corpus. It also covers “abide”, “dwell in”, and “dwell with”, alongside “to sojourn” — see its full sense range. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H1481 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 94
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 94 distinct verses.
- 22 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 22 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #429
- by frequency
- Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 429 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 94 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 94 distinct verses.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 37 verses · 39%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 37 verses · 39%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 20 verses · 21%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 5 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Sojourn 25×, Sojourneth 14×, Dwell 7×
- American Standard Version†: Sojourn 24×, Sojourneth 11×, Sojourned 6×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Living 6×, Residing 6×, Reside 5×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: One sojourning 11×, Sojourn 11×, Sojourned 4×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H1481 across 98† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 36 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H1481 across 97† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 44 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H1481 across 88† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 46 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 10 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H1481 across 95† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 41 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
12 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses one or more reduplicated stems (the Pōlēl/Pilpēl type), which for hollow or geminate roots behave much like Piel — often intensive or iterative.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 12 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
גור I sojourn (cf. Arabic جَارَ turn aside, tarry
Qal
- Pf. גָּר Gn 35:27 + 3 times, וְגָר consec. Is 11:6; גַּרְתָּה Gn 21:23; גַּרְתִּי Gn 32:5 ψ 120:5; גָּרוּ Ex 6:4; Impf. יָגוּר Ex 12:48 + 12 times, וַיָּ֫גָר Gn 20:1 + 2 times, sf. יְגֻרְךָ ψ 5:5; 3 fs. וַתָּ֫גָר 2 K 8:2; 2 fs. תָּגוּרִי 2 K 8:1; cohort. אָגוּ֑רָה ψ 61:5, יָגוּרוּ Is 16:4; Imv. גּוּר Gn 26:3, גּוּ֫רִי 2 K 8:1; Inf. cstr. גּוּר Gn 12:10 + 17 times; Pt. גָּר Dt 18:6 Ju 17:7 + 17 times; f. cstr. גָּרַת Ex 3:22; pl. גָּרִים Lv 25:6 + 8 times; cstr. גָּרֵי Jb 19:15;— e.g. Genesis 35:27
- 1. sojourn, dwell for a (definite or indef.) time, dwell as a new-comer (cf. גֵּר) without original rights, v. especially Gn 19:9 (J) Dt 18:6 & cf. Ju 17:7, 8, 9; 19:1; also Gn 12:10; 20:1; 21:23, 24; 32:5; 47:4 (all JE); of patriarchs in Canaan Gn 26:3 (J) 35:27 Ex 6:4 (both P) cf. ψ 105:12 = 1 Ch 16:19, Ju 19:16 2 S 4:3 2 K 8:1(×2), 2 (seven years) Is 16:4 Ru 1:1 Ezr 1:4 (in exile); cf. further Ex 3:22 (E) גָּרַת בַּיִת of a woman in another’s house as lodger or guest (v. Di), גָּרֵי בַיִת Jb 19:15; so (poet.) of worshipper in Yahweh’s house ψ 15:1; 61:5 cf. Is 33:14(×2); fig. of evil לֹא יְגֻֽרְךָ רָ֑ע ψ 5:5 evil cannot be a guest of thine (Che; sq. acc., as in Arabic جاوره iii); particularly of the גֵּר (q.v.) in Israel Ex 12:48, 49 Lv 16:29 (all P) 17:8, 10, 12, 13; 18:26; 19:33, 34; 20:2; 25:6, 45 (all H) Nu 9:14; 15:14, 15, 16, 26, 29; 19:10 Jos 20:9 (all P) Ez 14:7; 47:22, 23; of Ephraim and Manasseh sojourning with Judah and Benjamin 2 Ch 15:9; of Rechabites sojourning in Judah Je 35:7; of Israelites sojourning in Egypt Dt 26:5 Is 52:4 ψ 105:23; so of Judah, to escape from under Babylonian power Je 42:15, 17, 22; 43:2; 44:8, 12, 14, 28. e.g. Genesis 19:9
- 2. abide, nearly or quite = dwell Je 43:5 cf. La 4:15, Je 49:18, 33; 50:40, also Jb 28:4; of wolf dwelling with lamb Is 11:6; stay (inactive) Ju 5:17;—in Is 5:7 read perhaps, for גָּרִים, גְּדָיִם or כָּרִים cf. 𝔊 Lo Ew Di & Che crit. n. (> Stu גֵּרִים). e.g. Jeremiah 43:5
Hithpol
- Pt. מִתְגּוֹרֵר 1 K 17:20 seek hospitality with, sq. עִם (cf. Arabic x); יִתְגּוֹרָ֖רוּ Ho 7:14 is dub. (cf. II. גור); AE Ki Thes Wü AV RV they assemble themselves, but text prob. error, v. גדד. e.g. 1 Kings 17:20
גור II loc. (sojourning, dwelling) 2 K 9
גור III stir up strife, quarrel (cf. גרה)
Qal
- Pf. גָּר Is 54:15; Impf. יָגוּר v 15, יָגוּרוּ ψ 56:7; 59:4; 140:3 (on all cf. infr.); Inf. abs. גּוֹר Is 54:15;— e.g. Isaiah 54:15
- 1. stir up strife, abs. גּוֹר יָגוּר Is 54:15; cf. ψ 56:7 (but AE Che read יָגוֹדּוּ attack, v. גדד); sq. עַל־ ψ 59:4 (but Che id.; cf. ψ 94:21, wh. however Ol would emend by 56:7; 59:4); sq. acc. מִלְחָמוֹת ψ 140:3 (Hup Che read יְגָרוּ Pi. Impf. of גרה). e.g. Isaiah 54:15
- 2. quarrel, sq. אֶת־ with Is 54:15. Here also Hithpoʿl. Impf. Ho 7:14 יִתְגּוֹרָ֖רוּ (cf. I. גור), according to Ew, they excite themselves, but unlikely; v. גדד. e.g. Isaiah 54:15
גור IV
- 1. lion’s whelps, fig. of Judah Gn 49:9; of Dan Dt 33:22; of Assyrian (prince?) Na 2:12; fig. of Israelites Ez 19:2, 3, 5 (‖ כְּפִיר). e.g. Genesis 49:9
- 2. young of jackals (תַּנִּין) La 4:3. e.g. Lamentations 4:3
גור V dread (cf. יָגֹר)
Qal
- Impf. וַיָּגָר Nu 22:3 1 S 18:15; 2 ms. תָּגוּר Dt 18:22; אָגוּר Dt 32:27; pl. יָגוּרוּ ψ 33:8; Jb 41:17 + Ho 10:5, תָּגוּרוּ Dt 1:17; Imv. גּוּרוּ ψ 22:24 Jb 19:29;— e.g. Numbers 22:3
- 1. be afraid of, sq. מִפְּנֵי Nu 22:3 Dt 1:17 1 S 18:15, גּוּרוּ לָכֶם מִפְּנֵי Jb 19:29; c. מִן 41:17 Dt 18:22; c. acc. Dt 32:27 (poet.) Ho 10:5 read prob. ינודו lament (‖ אבל, used c. לְ e.g. Na 3:7 Je 15:5 al.; cf. Che). e.g. Numbers 22:3
- 2. stand in awe of, sq. מִן ψ 22:24; 33:8 (‖ יָרֵא). e.g. Psalms 22:24
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. vb. sojourn (cf. Arabic جَارَ turn aside, tarry; v. especially iii. iv. viii. x; Aramaic ܓܳܪ, Ethiopic in der.)—
II. n.pr.loc. (sojourning, dwelling) 2 K 9:27 מַעֲלֵה־ג׳ אשׁר את־יִבְלְעָם, otherwise unknown.
III. vb. stir up strife, quarrel (cf. גרה)—so Ew Che Di RVm (Is 54:15); gather together Ges De Br cf. 𝔗 𝔙, so AV RV;—
IV. n.m. Ez 19:3, 5 whelp, young—cstr. גּוּר(אַרְיֵה) Gn 49:9 + 2 times; sf. גּוּרֶיהָ Ez 19:2, גֻּרֶיהָ Ez 19:3, 5, גּוּרֵיהֶן La 4:3;—
V. vb. dread (cf. יָגֹר)—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
גּוּר I
- (b. h.) [to move around (cmp. סחר),] to be a stranger, sojourn, dwell. Sot. 36ᵇ גֹרֹא שגָֹּרֹ וכ׳ he is named Gera (Gen. XLVI, 21), because he (Joseph) dwells in exile; Gen. R. s. 94. Yeb. 96ᵇ is it possible לָגּוּר וכ׳ בשני to dwell (simultaneously) in two worlds? Sabb. 104ᵃ, v. ג"ר. Sifré Deut. 301 (ref. to Deut. XXVI, 5) מלמד … להשתקע אלא לָגוּר שם it proves that he (Jacob) did not go down to be permanently settled, but only to sojourn there; a. fr.—Denom. גֵּר. e.g. Genesis 46:21
- (denom. of גֵּר) to make a proselyte, to initiate into the Jewish faith. Gen. R. s. 39 (ref. to Gen. XII, 5 ‘the souls which they had made’) אלו הגרים שגִּיְּירוּ that means the proselytes they had made. Ib. כל מי שמקרב … ומְגַיְּירוֹ וכ׳ whoever befriends a gentile and effects his conversion, is considered as though he had created him. Sabb. 31ᵃ גַּיְּירֵנִי וכ׳ make me a Jew with the condition &c.; a. fr. [For גִּיֵּיר to dress with lime, v. גִּיר.] e.g. Genesis 12:5
- , Nithpa. נִתְגַּיֵּיר to become a proselyte. Ber. 57ᵇ עתידים להִתְגַּיֵּיר they will adopt the Jewish faith. Yeb. 47ᵇ גר שבא להתג׳ if a stranger comes (appears before Jewish authorities) desirous to become a Jew. Ab. Zar. 3ᵇ מִתְגַּיְּירִין shall ask to be admitted &c.; a. fr.
גּוּר
- Taan. 25ᵃ גָרֵי (גָּרוּ) בך גירי Ar., ed. Ven. a. oth. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1, ed. גָּיְרֵי) proselytes shall dwell with thee (in heaven); (for oth. vers. v. גִּיר III).
- to convert. Targ. Y. Gen. XII, 5, v. preced. Targ. Y. Ex. XVIII, 7; 27; a. e.—Sabb. 31ᵃ גַּיְּירֵיה he accepted him for initiation. Yeb. 76ᵃ גּיּיוּרֵי גַּיְּירָהּ he made her an Israelite. Gen. R. s. 76, end לאו גַּיַּירְתֵּיה would she not have converted him?; a. e.
- 1. to reside as a stranger. Targ. Lev. XVI, 29; a. fr.
- 2. to become a Jew, to embrace the Israelitish faith, to be converted. Targ. Y. Ex. XVIII, 6. Targ. Ps. LXVIII, 19; 32; a. e.
גּוּר II
- (euphem., cmp. גּוּף ch.) to have illegitimate intercourse;(also as act. v.) to seduce. Targ. Job XXXVI, 20 תגור Ms. (ed. תְגַיֵּר). Targ. Y. Lev. XX, 10 (O. גוף); a. e.—Part. גָּיֵר, גָּיְרָא. Lev. R. s. 3; Koh. R. to IV, 6 ג׳ בחזורין Ar. (ed. גָּיְפָא), v. גּוּף ch.—Ab. Zar. 10ᵇ הוה ליה ההיא ברתא דשמה גירא וכ׳ he (the emperor) had a daughter whose name was Gira (Ar. גילא), and who did wrong (was seduced); he sent to him (Rabbi) גרגירא (Ar. גרגילא) a gargira (rocket, play on גירא).
- to seduce. Targ. Job XXVI, 20, v. supra. Targ. Prov. VI, 32 דגַיֵּיר איתתא Ar. (ed. דגָיֵיר בא׳).
גּוּר III
- כרוך אחריו Ḥull. 78ᵇ) young animal, whelp, cub. Yalk. Job 926 עלה ג׳ אחד וכ׳ a young (R’êm) appeared in Palestine; Gen. R. s. 31 גורא א׳ (corr. acc.).—Pl. גּוּרִים. Ib. גּוּרָיו וכ׳ his (the R’êm’s) whelps went into the ark. Gen. R. s. 98 גבורה של … של גוריו the strength of the lion and the daring of his whelps.—גּוּר אַרְיֵה pr. n. m., v. גּוּרְיָא II.
גּוּר ²
- Lev. R. s. 19 (prov.) ג׳ טב מכלב ביש וכ׳ raise not a gentle cub of a vicious dog, much less a vicious cub &c.—[Pl. גּוּרֵי. Y. B. Bath. II, 13ᵇ bot. מן קל ג׳, prob. גִּירֵי, v. גִּיר III.]
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 60 distinct written forms H1481 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H1481, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
- גור gûwr H1482 cub
- גר gêr H1616 sojourner
- גרות gêrûwth H1628 lodging place
- מגור mâgôwr H4032 fear
- מגור mâgûwr H4033 dwelling place
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 8 — not the complete family. 2 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 88 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 94 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 12:10
- Exodus 3:22
- Leviticus 16:29
- Numbers 9:14
- Deuteronomy 1:17
- Judges 5:17
- Ruth 1:1
- 1 Samuel 18:15
- 2 Samuel 4:3
- 1 Kings 17:20
- 2 Kings 8:1
- 1 Chronicles 16:19
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
