כֶּרֶם
vineyard
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Both
- Attested as both masculine and feminine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Singular
- One.
50 distinct verses where H3754 appears in the Absolute state, across 22 books. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 1 verse
Exodus 1 verse
Numbers 4 verses
- Numbers 16:14 וָ/כָ֑רֶם conj + n c bs Moreover you haven't brought us into a land flowing with milk and honey, nor given us inheritance of fields and vineyards: will you put out the eyes of these men? we won't come up.
- Numbers 20:17 וּ/בְ/כֶ֔רֶם conj + prep + n c bs Please let us pass through your land: we will not pass through field or through vineyard, neither will we drink of the water of the wells: we will go along the king's highway; we will not turn aside to the right hand nor to the left, until we have passed your border.
- Numbers 21:22 וּ/בְ/כֶ֔רֶם conj + prep + n c bs Let me pass through your land: we will not turn aside into field, or into vineyard; we will not drink of the water of the wells: we will go by the king's highway, until we have passed your border.
- Numbers 22:24 הַ/כְּרָמִ֑ים ptcl def.art + n c bp Then the angel of Yahweh stood in a narrow path between the vineyards, a wall being on this side, and a wall on that side.
Deuteronomy 5 verses
- Deuteronomy 6:11 כְּרָמִ֥ים n c bp and houses full of all good things, which you didn't fill, and cisterns dug out, which you didn't dig, vineyards and olive trees, which you didn't plant, and you shall eat and be full;
- Deuteronomy 20:6 כֶּ֨רֶם֙ n c bs What man is there who has planted a vineyard, and has not used the fruit of it? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man use the fruit of it.
- Deuteronomy 22:9 כַּרְמְ/ךָ֖ הַ/כָּֽרֶם n c bs cs + sfx pers 2ms ptcl def.art + n c bs You shall not sow your vineyard with two kinds of seed, lest the whole fruit be forfeited, the seed which you have sown, and the increase of the vineyard.
- Deuteronomy 28:30 כֶּ֥רֶם n c bs You shall betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her: you shall build a house, and you shall not dwell therein: you shall plant a vineyard, and shall not use the fruit of it.
- Deuteronomy 28:39 כְּרָמִ֥ים n c bp You shall plant vineyards and dress them, but you shall neither drink of the wine, nor gather [the grapes]; for the worm shall eat them.
Joshua 1 verse
Judges 2 verses
- Judges 21:20 בַּ/כְּרָמִֽים prep det + n c bp They commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, Go and lie in wait in the vineyards,
- Judges 21:21 הַ/כְּרָמִ֔ים ptcl def.art + n c bp and see, and, behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in the dances, then come you out of the vineyards, and catch you every man his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin.
1 Samuel 1 verse
1 Kings 3 verses
- 1 Kings 21:1 כֶּ֧רֶם n c bs It happened after these things, that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria.
- 1 Kings 21:2 כַּרְמְ/ךָ֜ כֶּ֖רֶם n c bs cs + sfx pers 2ms n c bs Ahab spoke to Naboth, saying, Give me your vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs, because it is near to my house; and I will give you for it a better vineyard than it: or, if it seem good to you, I will give you the worth of it in money.
- 1 Kings 21:6 כַּרְמְ/ךָ֙ כֶ֖רֶם כַּרְמִֽ/י n c bs cs + sfx pers 2ms n c bs n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs He said to her, Because I spoke to Naboth the Jezreelite, and said to him, Give me your vineyard for money; or else, if it please you, I will give you [another] vineyard for it: and he answered, I will not give you my vineyard.
2 Kings 3 verses
- 2 Kings 5:26 וּ/כְרָמִים֙ conj + n c bp He said to him, Didn't my heart go with you, when the man turned from his chariot to meet you? Is it a time to receive money, and to receive garments, and olive groves and vineyards, and sheep and oxen, and men-servants and maid-servants?
- 2 Kings 18:32 וּ/כְרָמִ֗ים conj + n c bp Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of olive trees and of honey, that you may live, and not die: and don't listen to Hezekiah, when he persuades you, saying, Yahweh will deliver us.
- 2 Kings 19:29 כְרָמִ֖ים n c bp This shall be the sign to you: You shall eat this year that which grows of itself, and in the second year that which springs of the same; and in the third year sow you, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of it.
1 Chronicles 1 verse
Nehemiah 1 verse
Job 2 verses
Psalms 1 verse
Proverbs 1 verse
Ecclesiastes 1 verse
Song of Solomon 4 verses
- Song of Solomon 1:6 הַ/כְּרָמִ֔ים כַּרְמִ֥/י ptcl def.art + n c bp n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs Don't stare at me because I am dark, Because the sun has scorched me. My mother's sons were angry with me. They made me keeper of the vineyards. I haven't kept my own vineyard.
- Song of Solomon 2:15 כְּרָמִ֑ים וּ/כְרָמֵ֖י/נוּ n c bp conj + n c bp cs + sfx pers 1cp Catch for us the foxes, The little foxes that spoil the vineyards; For our vineyards are in blossom. Beloved
- Song of Solomon 7:12 לַ/כְּרָמִ֔ים prep det + n c bp Let's go early up to the vineyards. Let's see whether the vine has budded, Its blossom is open, And the pomegranates are in flower. There I will give you my love.
- Song of Solomon 8:11 כֶּ֣רֶם הַ/כֶּ֖רֶם n c bs ptcl def.art + n c bs Solomon had a vineyard at Baal Hamon. He leased out the vineyard to keepers. Each was to bring a thousand shekels of silver for its fruit.
Isaiah 8 verses
- Isaiah 1:8 בְ/כָ֑רֶם prep + n c bs The daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, Like a hut in a field of melons, Like a besieged city.
- Isaiah 3:14 הַ/כֶּ֔רֶם ptcl def.art + n c bs Yahweh will enter into judgment with the elders of his people, And their leaders: "It is you who have eaten up the vineyard. The spoil of the poor is in your houses.
- Isaiah 5:1 לְ/כַרְמ֑/וֹ כֶּ֛רֶם prep + n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms n c bs Let me sing for my well beloved a song of my beloved about his vineyard. My beloved had a vineyard on a very fruitful hill.
- Isaiah 5:10 כֶ֔רֶם n c bs For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, And a homer of seed shall yield an ephah."
- Isaiah 16:10 וּ/בַ/כְּרָמִ֥ים conj + prep det + n c bp Gladness is taken away, and joy out of the fruitful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither joyful noise: nobody shall tread out wine in the presses; I have made the [vintage] shout to cease.
- Isaiah 36:17 וּ/כְרָמִֽים conj + n c bp until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards.
- Isaiah 37:30 כְרָמִ֖ים n c bp This shall be the sign to you: you shall eat this year that which grows of itself, and in the second year that which springs of the same; and in the third year sow you, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of it.
- Isaiah 65:21 כְרָמִ֔ים n c bp They shall build houses, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of them.
Jeremiah 5 verses
- Jeremiah 31:5 כְרָמִ֔ים n c bp Again shall you plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria; the planters shall plant, and shall enjoy [the fruit of it].
- Jeremiah 32:15 וּ/כְרָמִ֖ים conj + n c bp For thus says Yahweh of Hosts, the God of Israel: Houses and fields and vineyards shall yet again be bought in this land.
- Jeremiah 35:7 וְ/כֶ֣רֶם conj + n c bs neither shall you build house, nor sow seed, nor plant vineyard, nor have any; but all your days you shall dwell in tents; that you may live many days in the land in which you sojourn.
- Jeremiah 35:9 וְ/כֶ֧רֶם conj + n c bs nor to build houses for us to dwell in; neither have we vineyard, nor field, nor seed:
- Jeremiah 39:10 כְּרָמִ֥ים n c bp But Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard left of the poor of the people, who had nothing, in the land of Judah, and gave them vineyards and fields at the same time.
Ezekiel 1 verse
Amos 2 verses
- Amos 5:17 כְּרָמִ֖ים n c bp In all vineyards there will be wailing; For I will pass through the midst of you," says Yahweh.
- Amos 9:14 כְרָמִ֔ים n c bp I will bring back the captivity of my people Israel, And they will rebuild the ruined cities, and inhabit them; and they will plant vineyards, and drink wine from them. They shall also make gardens, And eat the fruit of them.
Micah 1 verse
Zephaniah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
כרם — transliterated kerem — is a Hebrew noun carrying the sense “vineyard.” Debuting at Genesis 9:20, it then recurs through the corpus. With 81 verses in 24 books, it is a moderately common word in the Hebrew Bible. Sharing its root, it stands alongside כרם, כרמל and כרמי. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3754 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 81
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 81 distinct verses.
- 24 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 24 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #450
- by frequency
- Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 450 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 81 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Isaiah 13 verses 16%
- Deuteronomy 7 verses 9%
- 1 Kings 7 verses 9%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 81 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 46 verses · 57%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 18 verses · 22%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 17 verses · 21%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Vineyards 40×, Vineyard 28×, Vines 3×
- American Standard Version: Vineyards 34×, Vineyard 24×, Had a vineyard 3×
- Berean Standard Bible: Vineyards 43×, Vineyard 37×, Or vineyard 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Vineyards 35×, Vineyard 34×, Vineyard of 8×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3754 across 93 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3754 across 92 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 26 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3754 across 91 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 6 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3754 across 89 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 10 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 1 sense BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- vineyard
Word origin
n.m. Dt 28:30 (f. Is 27, 2) vineyard (NH id.; Aramaic כַּרְמָא, ܟܰܪܡܳܐ; Zinj. כרם DHMSendsch. 58; Arabic كَرْمٌ, كَرْمَةٌ vine; Ethiopic ክርም: ከርም: vine; Jen ZA vii. (1892), 217 comp. Assyrian karânu, vine;—etym. dub.; Thes al. comp. Arabic كَرُمَ noble, generous, fertile, but precarious);—abs. כ׳ Ex 22:4 +, כָּ֑רֶם Gn 9:20 +; cstr. כֶּ֫רֶם 1 K 21:7 +; sf. כַּרְמִי Is 5:3 +, כַּרְמְךָ Ex 23:11 +, etc.; pl. כְּרָמִים Jos 24:13 +; cstr. כַּרְמֵי Am 5:1 + 2 times; sf. כְּרָמֵנוּ Ne 5:3 + 3 times; כַּרְמֵיכֶם Am 4:9 + 2 times, etc.;—vineyard Gn 9:20 (J), 1 K 21:1 + 9 times 1 K 21, Ct 2:15(×2) +; so even Ju 15:5 (where read כ׳ וזית; cf. GFM, who however doubts genuineness); + זַיִת Ex 23:11 (E) and often (v. זית); + שָׂדֶה Ex 22:4, 5 (E), and often; fig. of Isr. under י׳’s care Is 5:1 ff., cf. 3:14 Je 12:10; fig. of Shulamite’s complexion Ct 1:6, of her heart 8:12.—Vbs. governing כ׳ are:—נָטַע Gn 9:20 Am 5:11 + 16 times, cf. מַטָּעֵי כ׳ Mi 1:6; זָרַע Dt 22:9 (c. 2 acc.); חִלֵּל = begin to use fruit of, Dt 20:6(×2); 28:30 Je 31:5; זָמַר prune, Lv 25:3, 4; בָּצַר gather, harvest (lit. cut off, i.e. grapes, Lv 25:5, 11), Dt 24:21; Ju 9:27, cf. לִקֵּשׁ Jb 24:6; עוֹלֵל glean, Lv 19:10; Dt 24:21; אָכַל Jos 24:13 (usually ‘eat fruit of’ Is 65:21, etc.); locusts devour Am 4:9 (si vera l.) On n.pr.loc. אָבֵל כְּרָמִים v. ii. אָבֵל 4; בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם v. p. 111 b.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: from an unused root of uncertain meaning
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
כָּרַם
- (v. כָּרָה)
- 1. to surround, cut off. Denom. כֶּרֶם, כַּרְמְלִית, כַּרְכּוֹם II.
- 2. to pile up. Kel. XXIII, 4 the washer’s chair שהוא כוֹרֵם עליו את הכלים (ed. Dehr. כּוֹרֵס) upon which he piles the clothes (to press them); Tosef. Kel. B. Bath. II, 9 שמוכרין ed. Zuck. (oth. ed. שמוכרים, read: שכּוֹרְמִ׳); Sabb. 88ᵇ (play on כרמי עין גדי Cant. I, 14) עון גדי שכָּרַמְתִּי לי וכ׳ the guilt of the kid (= golden calf; oth. opin. גַּדִּי the idol Gad) which I piled (stored up) for me (for future punishment). Ib. מאי … כרמי לישנא דמכניש הוא (Ms. M. כרם … דמכמש, Ms. O. דמכבש, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) what evidence is there that the word Kerem has the meaning of gathering (or of pressing, preserving)?—Answ. (by ref. to Kel. l. c.) שכּוֹרְמִים עליו את הכלים. e.g. Song of Solomon 1:14
- 3. to cover, paint, v. כְּרוּם, כַּרְכּוֹם I.—[Tosef. Men. IX, 10 וכורמין Var., v. כָּמַר.]
כֶּרֶם
- preced.) [enclosure,] plantation, esp. vineyard. Ber. 35ᵃ, a. e. כ׳ זית איקרי כ׳ סתמא לא אקרי an orchard of olive trees is called kerem zayith, but not plain kerem. Ib. (ref. to Maas. Sh. V, 1 sq., a. fr.) חד תני כ׳ רבע … נטע רבעי one authority reads everywhere a kerem of the fourth year’s crop, the other nʾtʿa (plantation) &c. Lev. R. s. 32 (play on כְּרֻם, Ps. XII, 9) כַּרְמָן של ממזרים the plantation (genealogy, cmp. יִחוּס) of the bastards. Peah VII, 6. Kil. IV, 1, v. קָרַחַת; a. v. fr.—Trnsf. circle of scholars, college, esp. כ׳ ביבנה the college of R. Johanan b. Zaccai in Jamnia (v. יַבְנֶה). Keth. IV, 6; B. Bath. 131ᵇ; Y. Ber. IV, 7ᵈ top; a. fr.—[Ber. 63ᵇ כ׳ ביבנה for which Cant. R. to II, 5: אוּשָׁא.]—Pl. כְּרָמִים. Men. VIII, 6 (86ᵇ) כ׳ העבודים carefully cultivated vineyards (dug over twice a year); a. e.—בֵּית כֶּרֶם pr. n. pl. Beth-Kerem. Nidd. II, 7 בקעת ב׳ כ׳ the valley of Beth K. (whose soil was red); Tosef. ib. III, 11. e.g. Psalms 12:9
כְּרָם
- Targ. Ex. XXII, 4; a. fr.—B. Mets. 104ᵃ; B. Bath. 7ᵃ if one says (כרם) כרמא אני מוכר לך וכ׳ ‘I sell thee a vineyard’, although there are no vines in it &c.; והוא דמתקרי כ׳ provided the property goes by the name of vineyard (Karma); a. fr.—Yeb. 42ᵇ ממתניתן דכ׳ וכ׳ he changed his opinion on account of what had been taught in the college (at Jamnia), v. preced.—[Yeb. 121ᵃ בכרמא, v. כַּרְמִי.]—Pl. כַּרְמִין, כַּרְמַיָּא, כַּרְמֵי. Targ. Deut. VI, 11. Targ. Jud. XV, 5. Targ. Koh. II, 4 כ׳ ביבנה schools, (v. preced.); a. fr.—Y. Kil. IV, beg. 29ᵃ, v. next w.—Succ. 44ᵇ, v. קַשְׁקֵשׁ.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 71 distinct written forms H3754 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
The 60 most common forms are shown; 11 rarer forms follow in the full concordance.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3754, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 75 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 81 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 9:20
- Exodus 22:5
- Leviticus 19:10
- Numbers 16:14
- Deuteronomy 6:11
- Joshua 24:13
- Judges 9:27
- 1 Samuel 8:14
- 1 Kings 21:1
- 2 Kings 5:26
- 1 Chronicles 27:27
- Job 24:6
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
