ὑπέρ
over
‘over’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Preposition
- A relational word governing a noun in a particular case.
Every verse where G5228 appears in the Book of 3 John — 1 distinct verse. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
3 John
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“over” is the headline sense of the Greek preposition υπερ (hypér). First canonically at Matthew 5:44, it enters the text early. It appears 131 verses across 22 books of the Greek New Testament, among its common vocabulary. Lexicons map it across 3 senses. Related forms include υβρις, υπεραιρομαι and υπερακμος. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G5228 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 131
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 131 distinct verses.
- 22 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 22 of 27 New Testament books.
- #108
- by frequency
- Top 250 most frequent Greek words (rank 108 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 131 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- 2 Corinthians 26 verses 20%
- Romans 16 verses 12%
- John 13 verses 10%
By section of the New Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 131 distinct verses.
- Pauline corpus 86 verses · 66%
- Gospels 23 verses · 18%
- Johannine 15 verses · 11%
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 12 verses · 9%
- Hebrews 10 verses · 8%
- General (Catholic) Epistles 5 verses · 4%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: For 105×, Of 11×, Above 10×
- American Standard Version: For 93×, Behalf 15×, Above 8×
- Berean Standard Bible: For 88×, About 7×, Behalf 6×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: For 60×, Behalf of 23×, Behalf 15×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G5228 across 165 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 17 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 5 further occurrences.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G5228 across 159 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 13 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G5228 across 145 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 11 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 7 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G5228 across 164 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in Thayer's
The 3 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- in behalf of, for the sake of
- over, beyond, more than
- more, beyond, over
Word origin
Origin: a primary preposition
A primary preposition; over that is (with the genitive case) of place above beyond across or causal for the sake of instead regarding ; with the accusative case superior to more than . In compounds it retains many of the listed applications : - (+ exceeding abundantly) above in (on) behalf of beyond by + very chiefest concerning exceeding (above -ly) for + very highly more (than) of over on the part of for sake of in stead than to (-ward) very. In compounds it retains many of the above applications.
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G5228, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
- υβρις hýbris G5196 insult
- υπεραιρομαι hyperaíromai G5229 to exalt oneself
- υπερακμος hypérakmos G5230 overripe
- υπερανω hyperánō G5231 above
- υπεραυξανω hyperauxánō G5232 to increase greatly
- υπερβαινω hyperbaínō G5233 to step over
- υπερβαλλω hyperbállō G5235 to surpass
- υπερειδω hypereídō G5237 to overlook
- υπερεκεινα hyperékeina G5238 beyond
- υπερεκτεινω hyperekteínō G5239 to stretch beyond
- υπερεκχυνω hyperekchýnō G5240 to overflow
- υπερεντυγχανω hyperentynchánō G5241 to intercede
- υπερεχω hyperéchō G5242 to stand out
- υπερηφανος hyperḗphanos G5244 haughty
- υπερνικαω hypernikáō G5245 to overcome completely
- υπερογκος hypéronkos G5246 immoderate
- υπερπερισσευω hyperperisseúō G5248 to abound greatly
- υπερπερισσως hyperperissōs G5249 exceedingly
- υπερπλεοναζω hyperpleonázō G5250 to overflow
- υπερυψοω hyperypsóō G5251 to exalt highly
- υπερφρονεω hyperphronéō G5252 to think arrogantly
- υπερωον hyperōion G5253 upper room
- υψος hýpsos G5311 height
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 24 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word υπερ appears 307 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 263 verses in 31 books.
- 307
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 263
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 31 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 31 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Genesis 48:22 ὑπέρ
- Exodus 1:9 ὑπέρ
- Deuteronomy 24:16 ὑπέρ
- Judges 2:19 ὑπέρ
- Ruth 1:13 ὑπέρ
- 1 Samuel 1:5 ὑπέρ
- 2 Samuel 1:19 ὑπέρ
- 1 Kings 1:37 ὑπέρ
- 2 Kings 3:26 ὑπέρ
- 1 Chronicles 4:9 ὑπέρ
- 2 Chronicles 9:22 ὑπέρ
- Ezra 5:5 ὑπέρ
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G5228) appears in the Greek Septuagint — showing the first 50 of 263. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Genesis 48:22 ὑπέρ Moreover I have given to you one portion above your brothers, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow."
- Exodus 1:9 ὑπέρ He said to his people, "Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we.
- Deuteronomy 24:16 ὑπέρ The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin.
- Deuteronomy 25:3 ὑπέρ Forty stripes he may give him, he shall not exceed; lest, if he should exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then your brother should seem vile to you.
- Deuteronomy 28:23 ὑπέρ Your sky that is over your head shall be brass, and the earth that is under you shall be iron.
- Deuteronomy 30:5 ὑπέρ and Yahweh your God will bring you into the land which your fathers possessed, and you shall possess it; and he will do you good, and multiply you above your fathers.
- Judges 2:19 ὑπέρ But it happened, when the judge was dead, that they turned back, and dealt more corruptly than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to bow down to them; they didn't cease from their doings, nor from their stubborn way.
- Judges 3:9 ὑπέρ When the children of Israel cried to Yahweh, Yahweh raised up a savior to the children of Israel, who saved them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother.
- Judges 6:31 ὑπέρ Joash said to all who stood against him, Will you contend for Baal? Or will you save him? he who will contend for him, let him be put to death while [it is yet] morning: if he be a god, let him contend for himself, because one has broken down his altar.
- Judges 9:17 ὑπέρ (for my father fought for you, and adventured his life, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian:
- Judges 11:25 ὑπέρ Now are you anything better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them?
- Judges 15:2 ὑπέρ Her father said, I most assuredly thought that you had utterly hated her; therefore I gave her to your companion: isn't her younger sister more beautiful than she? Please take her, instead.
- Judges 18:26 ὑπέρ The children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back to his house.
- Ruth 1:13 ὑπέρ would you therefore wait until they were grown? would you therefore stay from having husbands? nay, my daughters, for it grieves me much for your sakes, for the hand of Yahweh is gone forth against me.
- Ruth 3:10 ὑπέρ He said, Blessed are you by Yahweh, my daughter: you have shown more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning, inasmuch as you didn't follow young men, whether poor or rich.
- Ruth 3:12 ὑπέρ Now it is true that I am a near kinsman; however there is a kinsman nearer than I.
- Ruth 4:15 ὑπέρ He shall be to you a restorer of life, and sustain you in your old age, for your daughter-in-law, who loves you, who is better to you than seven sons, has borne him.
- 1 Samuel 1:5 ὑπέρ but to Hannah he gave a double portion; for he loved Hannah, but Yahweh had shut up her womb.
- 1 Samuel 1:8 ὑπέρ Elkanah her husband said to her, Hannah, why weep you? and why don't you eat? and why is your heart grieved? am I not better to you than ten sons?
- 1 Samuel 1:27 ὑπέρ For this child I prayed; and Yahweh has given me my petition which I asked of him:
- 1 Samuel 2:25 ὑπέρ If one man sin against another, God shall judge him; but if a man sin against Yahweh, who shall entreat for him? Notwithstanding, they didn't listen to the voice of their father, because Yahweh was minded to kill them.
- 1 Samuel 2:29 ὑπέρ Why kick you at my sacrifice and at my offering, which I have commanded in [my] habitation, and honor your sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the best of all the offerings of Israel my people?
- 1 Samuel 4:21 ὑπέρ She named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel; because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.
- 1 Samuel 9:2 ὑπέρ He had a son, whose name was Saul, an impressive young man; and there was not among the children of Israel a better person than he. From his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people.
- 1 Samuel 10:2 ὑπέρ When you are departed from me today, then you shall find two men by Rachel's tomb, in the border of Benjamin at Zelzah; and they will tell you, The donkeys which you went to seek are found; and, behold, your father has left off caring for the donkeys, and is anxious for you, saying, What shall I do for my son?
- 1 Samuel 10:23 ὑπέρ They ran and fetched him there; and when he stood among the people, he was higher than any of the people from his shoulders and upward.
- 1 Samuel 12:19 ὑπέρ All the people said to Samuel, Pray for your servants to Yahweh your God, that we not die; for we have added to all our sins [this] evil, to ask us a king.
- 1 Samuel 15:22 ὑπέρ Samuel said, Has Yahweh as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to listen than the fat of rams.
- 1 Samuel 15:28 ὑπέρ Samuel said to him, Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel from you this day, and has given it to a neighbor of yours who is better than you.
- 1 Samuel 21:3 ὑπέρ Now therefore what is under your hand? give me five loaves of bread in my hand, or whatever there is present.
- 1 Samuel 24:18 ὑπέρ You have declared this day how that you have dealt well with me, because when Yahweh had delivered me up into your hand, you didn't kill me.
- 2 Samuel 1:19 ὑπέρ Your glory, Israel, is slain on your high places! How are the mighty fallen!
- 2 Samuel 1:23 ὑπέρ Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, In their death they were not divided: They were swifter than eagles, They were stronger than lions.
- 2 Samuel 1:26 ὑπέρ I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan: Very pleasant have you been to me: Your love to me was wonderful, Passing the love of women.
- 2 Samuel 3:8 ὑπέρ Then was Abner very angry for the words of Ish-bosheth, and said, Am I a dog's head that belongs to Judah? This day do I show kindness to the house of Saul your father, to his brothers, and to his friends, and have not delivered you into the hand of David; and yet you charge me this day with a fault concerning this woman.
- 2 Samuel 6:8 ὑπέρ David was displeased, because Yahweh had broken forth on Uzzah; and he called that place Perez Uzzah, to this day.
- 2 Samuel 6:21 ὑπέρ David said to Michal, [It was] before Yahweh, who chose me above your father, and above all his house, to appoint me prince over the people of Yahweh, over Israel: therefore will I play before Yahweh.
- 2 Samuel 7:19 ὑπέρ This was yet a small thing in your eyes, Lord Yahweh; but you have spoken also of your servant's house for a great while to come; and this [too] after the manner of men, Lord Yahweh!
- 2 Samuel 7:28 ὑπέρ Now, O Lord Yahweh, you are God, and your words are truth, and you have promised this good thing to your servant:
- 2 Samuel 8:10 ὑπέρ then Toi sent Joram his son to king David, to Greet him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and struck him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. [Joram] brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass:
- 2 Samuel 10:5 ὑπέρ When they told it to David, he sent to meet them; for the men were greatly ashamed. The king said, Wait at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return.
- 2 Samuel 10:11 ὑπέρ He said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then you shall help me; but if the children of Ammon be too strong for you, then I will come and help you.
- 2 Samuel 10:12 ὑπέρ Be of good courage, and let us play the man for our people, and for the cities of our God: and Yahweh do that which seems him good.
- 2 Samuel 13:14 ὑπέρ However he would not listen to her voice; but being stronger than she, he forced her, and lay with her.
- 2 Samuel 13:15 ὑπέρ Then Amnon hated her with exceeding great hatred; for the hatred with which he hated her was greater than the love with which he had loved her. Amnon said to her, Arise, be gone.
- 2 Samuel 13:16 ὑπέρ She said to him, Not so, because this great wrong in putting me forth is [worse] than the other that you did to me. But he would not listen to her.
- 2 Samuel 17:14 ὑπέρ Absalom and all the men of Israel said, The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel. For Yahweh had ordained to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that Yahweh might bring evil on Absalom.
- 2 Samuel 18:5 ὑπέρ The king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom. All the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.
- 2 Samuel 18:8 ὑπέρ For the battle was there spread over the surface of all the country; and the forest devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.
- 2 Samuel 19:8 ὑπέρ Then the king arose, and sat in the gate. They told to all the people, saying, Behold, the king is sitting in the gate: and all the people came before the king. Now Israel had fled every man to his tent.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G5228) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.
