πνεῦμα
spirit
‘spirit’ is one of 5 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
See every Genitive-case word in the Greek New Testament →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Case
- Genitive
- The case of source, possession, or “of” — answers “whose / from what.”
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
- Dative
- The case of the indirect object, means, or location — “to / for / with / in.”
- Accusative
- The case of the direct object and of extent.
Gender
- Neuter
- Grammatically neuter.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one.
1 verse where G4151 appears in the Accusative case in the Book of 2 Timothy. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
2 Timothy
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
πνευμα (pneûma) is a Greek noun most often rendered “spirit.” The King James Version also renders it “ghost,” a usage modern versions have dropped for “spirit” — see the renderings breakdown. With 344 verses in 25 books, it is a common word in the Greek New Testament. It first appears in Matthew 1:18. Ranging over 5 senses, it is not a single-sense word. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G4151 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 344
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 344 distinct verses.
- 25 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 25 of 27 New Testament books.
- #48
- by frequency
- Top 50 most frequent Greek words (rank 48 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 344 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Acts 68 verses 20%
- Luke 35 verses 10%
- 1 Corinthians 32 verses 9%
By section of the New Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 344 distinct verses.
- Pauline corpus 125 verses · 36%
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 103 verses · 30%
- Gospels 94 verses · 27%
- Johannine 50 verses · 15%
- Revelation 24 verses · 7%
- General (Catholic) Epistles 21 verses · 6%
- Hebrews 12 verses · 3%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Spirit 254×, Ghost 91×, Spirits 32×
- American Standard Version: Spirit 322×, The 43×, Spirits 31×
- Berean Standard Bible: Spirit 335×, Spirits 32×, Breath 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Spirit 339×, The 62×, Spirits 34×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G4151 across 385 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 6 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G4151 across 428 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 23 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G4151 across 378 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G4151 across 462 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in Thayer's
The 5 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- the third person of the triune God, the Holy Spirit, coequal, coeternal with the Father and the Son
- the spirit, i.e. the vital principal by which the body is animated
- a spirit, i.e. a simple essence, devoid of all or at least all grosser matter, and possessed of the power of knowing,…
- the disposition or influence which fills and governs the soul of any one
- a movement of air (a gentle blast)
Word origin
Derived from πνεω (pnéō) (G4154) — to breathe.
From G4154 ; a current of air that is breath ( blast ) or a breeze ; by analogy or figuratively a spirit that is (human) the rational soul (by implication) vital principle mental disposition etc. or (superhuman) an angel daemon or (divine) God christ´ s spirit the holy spirit : - ghost life spirit (-ual -ually) mind. Compare G5590 .
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Forms in the corpus
The 10 distinct written forms G4151 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that case’s occurrences in the concordance.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| πνεῦμα pneûma | Noun, Nominative, Singular, Neuter | Matthew 10:20 | 145 |
| πνεύματος pneúmatos | Noun, Genitive, Singular, Neuter | Matthew 1:18 | 90 |
| πνεύματι pneúmati | Noun, Dative, Singular, Neuter | Matthew 3:11 | 88 |
| πνεύματα pneúmata | Noun, Accusative, Plural, Neuter | Matthew 8:16 | 18 |
| πνεῦμά pneûmá | Noun, Nominative, Singular, Neuter | Luke 1:47 | 13 |
| πνευμάτων pneumátōn | Noun, Genitive, Plural, Neuter | Matthew 10:1 | 11 |
| πνεύματός pneúmatós | Noun, Genitive, Singular, Neuter | Matthew 1:20 | 6 |
| πνεύμασιν pneúmasin | Noun, Dative, Plural, Neuter | Luke 4:36 | 3 |
| πνεύματί pneúmatí | Noun, Dative, Singular, Neuter | Romans 1:9 | 3 |
| πνεύμασι pneúmasi | Noun, Dative, Plural, Neuter | Mark 1:27 | 2 |
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G4151, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word πνευμα appears 285 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 261 verses in 31 books.
- 285
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 261
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 31 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 31 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Genesis 1:2 πνεῦμα
- Exodus 15:8 πνεῦμα
- Numbers 5:14 πνεῦμα
- Deuteronomy 2:30 πνεῦμα
- Joshua 2:11 πνεῦμα
- Judges 3:10 πνεῦμα
- 1 Samuel 10:6 πνεῦμα
- 2 Samuel 13:21 πνεῦμα
- 1 Kings 17:17 πνεῦμα
- 2 Kings 2:9 πνεῦμα
- 1 Chronicles 5:26 πνεῦμα
- 2 Chronicles 15:1 πνεῦμα
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G4151) appears in the Greek Septuagint — showing the first 50 of 261. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Genesis 1:2 πνεῦμα Now the earth was formless and empty. Darkness was on the surface of the deep. God's Spirit was hovering over the surface of the waters.
- Genesis 6:3 πνεῦμα Yahweh said, "My Spirit will not strive with man forever, because he also is flesh; yet will his days be one hundred twenty years."
- Genesis 6:17 πνεῦμα I, even, I do bring the flood of waters on this earth, to destroy all flesh having the breath of life from under the sky. Everything that is in the earth will die.
- Genesis 7:15 πνεῦμα They went to Noah into the ark, by pairs of all flesh with the breath of life in them.
- Genesis 8:1 πνεῦμα God remembered Noah, all the animals, and all the cattle that were with him in the ark; and God made a wind to pass over the earth. The waters subsided.
- Genesis 41:38 πνεῦμα Pharaoh said to his servants, "Can we find such a one as this, a man in whom is the Spirit of God?"
- Genesis 45:27 πνεῦμα They told him all the words of Joseph, which he had said to them. When he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob, their father, revived.
- Exodus 15:8 πνεῦμα With the blast of your nostrils the waters were piled up. The floods stood upright as a heap. The deeps were congealed in the heart of the sea.
- Exodus 15:10 πνεῦμα You blew with your wind. The sea covered them. They sank like lead in the mighty waters.
- Exodus 28:3 πνεῦμα You shall speak to all who are wise-hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they make Aaron's garments to sanctify him, that he may minister to me in the priest's office.
- Exodus 31:3 πνεῦμα and I have filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship,
- Exodus 35:31 πνεῦμα He has filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship;
- Numbers 5:14 πνεῦμα and the spirit of jealousy comes on him, and he is jealous of his wife, and she is defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy comes on him, and he is jealous of his wife, and she isn't defiled:
- Numbers 5:30 πνεῦμα or when the spirit of jealousy comes on a man, and he is jealous of his wife; then he shall set the woman before Yahweh, and the priest shall execute on her all this law.
- Numbers 11:17 πνεῦμα I will come down and talk with you there: and I will take of the Spirit which is on you, and will put it on them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with you, that you not bear it yourself alone.
- Numbers 11:25 πνεῦμα Yahweh came down in the cloud, and spoke to him, and took of the Spirit that was on him, and put it on the seventy elders: and it happened that when the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied, but they did so no more.
- Numbers 11:26 πνεῦμα But there remained two men in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad: and the Spirit rested on them; and they were of those who were written, but had not gone out to the Tent; and they prophesied in the camp.
- Numbers 11:29 πνεῦμα Moses said to him, Are you jealous for my sake? would that all Yahweh's people were prophets, that Yahweh would put his Spirit on them!
- Numbers 11:31 πνεῦμα There went forth a wind from Yahweh, and brought quails from the sea, and let them fall by the camp, about a day's journey on this side, and a day's journey on the other side, round about the camp, and about two cubits above the surface of the earth.
- Numbers 14:24 πνεῦμα but my servant Caleb, because he had another spirit with him, and has followed me fully, him will I bring into the land into which he went; and his seed shall possess it.
- Numbers 16:22 πνεῦμα They fell on their faces, and said, God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin, and will you be angry with all the congregation?
- Numbers 23:7 πνεῦμα He took up his parable, and said, From Aram has Balak brought me, The king of Moab from the mountains of the East: Come, curse me Jacob, Come, defy Israel.
- Numbers 24:2 πνεῦμα Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling according to their tribes; and the Spirit of God came on him.
- Numbers 27:16 πνεῦμα Let Yahweh, the God of the spirits of all flesh, appoint a man over the congregation,
- Numbers 27:18 πνεῦμα Yahweh said to Moses, Take Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him;
- Deuteronomy 2:30 πνεῦμα But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him; for Yahweh your God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into your hand, as at this day.
- Deuteronomy 34:9 πνεῦμα Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands on him: and the children of Israel listened to him, and did as Yahweh commanded Moses.
- Joshua 2:11 πνεῦμα As soon as we had heard it, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more spirit in any man, because of you: for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath.
- Judges 3:10 πνεῦμα The Spirit of Yahweh came on him, and he judged Israel; and he went out to war, and Yahweh delivered Cushan Rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand: and his hand prevailed against Cushan Rishathaim.
- Judges 6:34 πνεῦμα But the Spirit of Yahweh came on Gideon; and he blew a trumpet; and Abiezer was gathered together after him.
- Judges 8:3 πνεῦμα God has delivered into your hand the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison with you? Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that.
- Judges 9:23 πνεῦμα God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech:
- Judges 11:29 πνεῦμα Then the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over to the children of Ammon.
- Judges 13:25 πνεῦμα The Spirit of Yahweh began to move him in Mahaneh-dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol.
- Judges 14:6 πνεῦμα The Spirit of Yahweh came mightily on him, and he tore him as he would have torn a kid; and he had nothing in his hand: but he didn't tell his father or his mother what he had done.
- Judges 14:19 πνεῦμα The Spirit of Yahweh came mightily on him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and struck thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave the changes [of clothing] to those who declared the riddle. His anger was kindled, and he went up to his father's house.
- Judges 15:14 πνεῦμα When he came to Lehi, the Philistines shouted as they met him: and the Spirit of Yahweh came mightily on him, and the ropes that were on his arms became as flax that was burnt with fire, and his bands dropped from off his hands.
- Judges 15:19 πνεῦμα But God split the hollow place that is in Lehi, and water came out of it. When he had drunk, his spirit came again, and he revived: therefore the name of it was called En Hakkore, which is in Lehi, to this day.
- 1 Samuel 10:6 πνεῦμα and the Spirit of Yahweh will come mightily on you, and you shall prophesy with them, and shall be turned into another man.
- 1 Samuel 10:10 πνεῦμα When they came there to the hill, behold, a band of prophets met him; and the Spirit of God came mightily on him, and he prophesied among them.
- 1 Samuel 11:6 πνεῦμα The Spirit of God came mightily on Saul when he heard those words, and his anger was kindled greatly.
- 1 Samuel 16:13 πνεῦμα Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brothers: and the Spirit of Yahweh came mightily on David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.
- 1 Samuel 16:14 πνεῦμα Now the Spirit of Yahweh departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from Yahweh troubled him.
- 1 Samuel 16:15 πνεῦμα Saul's servants said to him, See now, an evil spirit from God troubles you.
- 1 Samuel 16:16 πνεῦμα Let our lord now command your servants who are before you, to seek out a man who is a skillful player on the harp: and it shall happen, when the evil spirit from God is on you, that he shall play with his hand, and you shall be well.
- 1 Samuel 16:23 πνεῦμα It happened, when the [evil] spirit from God was on Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.
- 1 Samuel 19:9 πνεῦμα An evil spirit from Yahweh was on Saul, as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand; and David was playing with his hand.
- 1 Samuel 19:20 πνεῦμα Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as head over them, the Spirit of God came on the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.
- 1 Samuel 19:23 πνεῦμα He went there to Naioth in Ramah: and the Spirit of God came on him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah.
- 1 Samuel 30:12 πνεῦμα They gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins: and when he had eaten, his spirit came again to him; for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G4151) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.
