ἐπιστρέφω
to turn
‘to turn’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
See every Aorist-tense verb in the Greek New Testament →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Tense
- Aorist
- Action viewed as a simple whole, without regard to duration — often past (perfective aspect).
- Present
- Ongoing or general action in present time (imperfective aspect).
- Future
- Action expected in future time.
Voice
- Active
- The subject performs the action.
- Passive
- The subject receives the action.
Mood
- Participle
- A verbal adjective (“writing,” “having written”).
- Imperative
- Expresses a command or request.
- Subjunctive
- Expresses probability, purpose, or possibility (the mood of contingency).
- Indicative
- States a fact or asks a factual question (the mood of reality).
- Infinitive
- A verbal noun (“to write”), unmarked for person or number.
Case
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
- Dative
- The case of the indirect object, means, or location — “to / for / with / in.”
Person
- 3rd person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 1st person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one.
4 distinct verses where G1994 appears in the Present tense, across 2 books. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
Acts 3 verses
- Acts 14:15 ἐπιστρέφειν pres act inf "Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men of like passions with you, and bring you good news, that you should turn from these vain things to the living God, who made the sky and the earth and the sea, and all that is in them;
- Acts 15:19 ἐπιστρέφουσιν pres act ptcp dat pl masc "Therefore my judgment is that we don't trouble those from among the Gentiles who turn to God,
- Acts 26:20 ἐπιστρέφειν pres act inf but declared first to them of Damascus, at Jerusalem, and throughout all the country of Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, doing works worthy of repentance.
Galatians 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
The Greek verb επιστρεφω centers on the idea of “to turn.” Its earliest occurrence is Matthew 10:13. It turns up in 35 verses across 12 books, a moderately common footprint. The word gravitates to Acts (31%), then Luke and Matthew. Thayer's distinguishes 2 senses for it. Dig into 35-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G1994 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 35
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 35 distinct verses.
- 12 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 12 of 27 New Testament books.
- #406
- by frequency
- Top 500 most frequent Greek words (rank 406 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 35 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the New Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 35 distinct verses.
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 18 verses · 51%
- Gospels 16 verses · 46%
- General (Catholic) Epistles 4 verses · 11%
- Pauline corpus 3 verses · 9%
- Johannine 2 verses · 6%
- Revelation 1 verse · 3%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Turn 4×, Return 3×, Turned 3×
- American Standard Version: Return 3×, Returned 3×, Turn 3×
- Berean Standard Bible: Turn 4×, Return 3×, Turned 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Turn back 5×, Having turned 4×, Turn 4×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G1994 across 43 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 23 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G1994 across 42 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 23 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G1994 across 36 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 19 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G1994 across 43 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in Thayer's
The 2 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- transitively
- intransitively
Word origin
Derived from επι (epí) (G1909) — upon.
Forms in the corpus
The 19 distinct written forms G1994 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that tense’s occurrences in the concordance.
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G1994, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
- επαγγελλω epangéllō G1861 to announce
- επαγω epágō G1863 to bring upon
- επαγωνιζομαι epagōnízomai G1864 to contend
- επαθροιζω epathroízō G1865 to gather together
- επαινεω epainéō G1867 to approve
- επαινος épainos G1868 approval
- επαιρω epaírō G1869 to lift up
- επαισχυνομαι epaischýnomai G1870 to be ashamed
- επαιτεω epaitéō G1871 to ask repeatedly
- επακουω epakoúō G1873 to give ear to
- επακροαομαι epakroáomai G1874 to listen to
- επαν epán G1875 after
- επαναγκες epánankes G1876 necessarily
- επαναγω epanágō G1877 to lead back
- επαναμιμνησκω epanamimnḗskō G1878 to remind
- επαναπαυομαι epanapaúomai G1879 to rest upon
- επανερχομαι epanérchomai G1880 to return
- επανισταμαι epanístamai G1881 to raise up against
- επανορθωσις epanórthōsis G1882 correction
- επανω epánō G1883 above
- επαρκεω eparkéō G1884 to avail
- επαρχια eparchía G1885 office of governor
- επαυλις épaulis G1886 farm
- επαυριον epaúrion G1887 the next day
+110 more words share this root (not shown).
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 138 — not the complete family. 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word επιστρεφω appears 452 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 415 verses in 34 books.
- 452
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 415
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 34 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 34 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Genesis 8:12 ἐπιστρέφω
- Exodus 4:20 ἐπιστρέφω
- Numbers 10:35 ἐπιστρέφω
- Deuteronomy 1:7 ἐπιστρέφω
- Joshua 7:12 ἐπιστρέφω
- Judges 6:14 ἐπιστρέφω
- Ruth 1:7 ἐπιστρέφω
- 1 Samuel 4:19 ἐπιστρέφω
- 2 Samuel 2:22 ἐπιστρέφω
- 1 Kings 2:33 ἐπιστρέφω
- 2 Kings 1:5 ἐπιστρέφω
- 1 Chronicles 10:14 ἐπιστρέφω
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G1994) appears in the Greek Septuagint — showing the first 50 of 415. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Genesis 8:12 ἐπιστρέφω He stayed yet another seven days, and sent forth the dove; and she didn't return to him any more.
- Genesis 21:32 ἐπιστρέφω So they made a covenant at Beersheba. Abimelech rose up with Phicol, the captain of his host, and they returned into the land of the Philistines.
- Genesis 24:49 ἐπιστρέφω Now if you will deal kindly and truly with my master, tell me. If not, tell me. That I may turn to the right hand, or to the left."
- Genesis 44:13 ἐπιστρέφω Then they tore their clothes, and loaded every man his donkey, and returned to the city.
- Exodus 4:20 ἐπιστρέφω Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them on a donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. Moses took God's rod in his hand.
- Exodus 5:22 ἐπιστρέφω Moses returned to Yahweh, and said, "Lord, why have you brought trouble on this people? Why is it that you have sent me?
- Exodus 7:23 ἐπιστρέφω Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he lay even this to heart.
- Exodus 16:10 ἐπιστρέφω It happened, as Aaron spoke to the whole congregation of the children of Israel, that they looked toward the wilderness, and, behold, the glory of Yahweh appeared in the cloud.
- Exodus 34:31 ἐπιστρέφω Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned to him; and Moses spoke to them.
- Numbers 10:35 ἐπιστρέφω It happened, when the ark set forward, that Moses said, Rise up, Yahweh, and let your enemies be scattered; and let those who hate you flee before you.
- Numbers 14:25 ἐπιστρέφω Now the Amalekite and the Canaanite dwell in the valley: tomorrow turn you, and get you into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea.
- Numbers 17:15 ἐπιστρέφω
- Numbers 21:33 ἐπιστρέφω They turned and went up by the way of Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan went out against them, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei.
- Numbers 23:5 ἐπιστρέφω Yahweh put a word in Balaam's mouth, and said, Return to Balak, and thus you shall speak.
- Deuteronomy 1:7 ἐπιστρέφω turn you, and take your journey, and go to the hill-country of the Amorites, and to all [the places] near thereunto, in the Arabah, in the hill-country, and in the lowland, and in the South, and by the sea-shore, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates.
- Deuteronomy 1:24 ἐπιστρέφω and they turned and went up into the hill-country, and came to the valley of Eshcol, and spied it out.
- Deuteronomy 1:40 ἐπιστρέφω But as for you, turn you, and take your journey into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea.
- Deuteronomy 2:1 ἐπιστρέφω Then we turned, and took our journey into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea, as Yahweh spoke to me; and we compassed Mount Seir many days.
- Deuteronomy 2:3 ἐπιστρέφω You have compassed this mountain long enough: turn you northward.
- Deuteronomy 2:8 ἐπιστρέφω So we passed by from our brothers the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, from the way of the Arabah from Elath and from Ezion Geber. We turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab.
- Deuteronomy 3:1 ἐπιστρέφω Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei.
- Deuteronomy 4:30 ἐπιστρέφω When you are in oppression, and all these things are come on you, in the latter days you shall return to Yahweh your God, and listen to his voice:
- Deuteronomy 4:39 ἐπιστρέφω Know therefore this day, and lay it to your heart, that Yahweh he is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath; there is none else.
- Deuteronomy 9:15 ἐπιστρέφω So I turned and came down from the mountain, and the mountain was burning with fire: and the two tables of the covenant were in my two hands.
- Deuteronomy 10:5 ἐπιστρέφω I turned and came down from the mountain, and put the tables in the ark which I had made; and there they are as Yahweh commanded me.
- Deuteronomy 28:60 ἐπιστρέφω He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt, which you were afraid of; and they shall cleave to you.
- Deuteronomy 30:2 ἐπιστρέφω and shall return to Yahweh your God, and shall obey his voice according to all that I command you this day, you and your children, with all your heart, and with all your soul;
- Deuteronomy 30:8 ἐπιστρέφω You shall return and obey the voice of Yahweh, and do all his commandments which I command you this day.
- Deuteronomy 30:9 ἐπιστρέφω Yahweh your God will make you plenteous in all the work of your hand, in the fruit of your body, and in the fruit of your cattle, and in the fruit of your ground, for good: for Yahweh will again rejoice over you for good, as he rejoiced over your fathers;
- Deuteronomy 30:10 ἐπιστρέφω if you shall obey the voice of Yahweh your God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which are written in this book of the law; if you turn to Yahweh your God with all your heart, and with all your soul.
- Deuteronomy 31:18 ἐπιστρέφω I will surely hide my face in that day for all the evil which they shall have worked, in that they are turned to other gods.
- Deuteronomy 31:20 ἐπιστρέφω For when I shall have brought them into the land which I swore to their fathers, flowing with milk and honey, and they shall have eaten and filled themselves, and grown fat; then will they turn to other gods, and serve them, and despise me, and break my covenant.
- Joshua 7:12 ἐπιστρέφω Therefore the children of Israel can't stand before their enemies; they turn their backs before their enemies, because they are become accursed: I will not be with you any more, except you destroy the devoted thing from among you.
- Joshua 19:27 ἐπιστρέφω and it turned toward the sunrise to Beth Dagon, and reached to Zebulun, and to the valley of Iphtah El northward to Beth Emek and Neiel; and it went out to Cabul on the left hand,
- Joshua 19:34 ἐπιστρέφω and the border turned westward to Aznoth Tabor, and went out from there to Hukkok; and it reached to Zebulun on the south, and reached to Asher on the west, and to Judah at the Jordan toward the sunrise.
- Judges 6:14 ἐπιστρέφω Yahweh looked at him, and said, Go in this your might, and save Israel from the hand of Midian: have not I sent you?
- Judges 6:18 ἐπιστρέφω Please don't go away, until I come to you, and bring out my present, and lay it before you. He said, I will wait until you come again.
- Judges 7:3 ἐπιστρέφω Now therefore proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, Whoever is fearful and trembling, let him return and depart from Mount Gilead. There returned of the people twenty-two thousand; and there remained ten thousand.
- Judges 8:13 ἐπιστρέφω Gideon the son of Joash returned from the battle from the ascent of Heres.
- Judges 8:33 ἐπιστρέφω It happened, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the children of Israel turned again, and played the prostitute after the Baals, and made Baal Berith their god.
- Judges 9:56 ἐπιστρέφω Thus God requited the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did to his father, in killing his seventy brothers;
- Judges 9:57 ἐπιστρέφω and all the wickedness of the men of Shechem did God requite on their heads: and on them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.
- Judges 11:8 ἐπιστρέφω The elders of Gilead said to Jephthah, Therefore are we turned again to you now, that you may go with us, and fight with the children of Ammon; and you shall be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.
- Judges 11:9 ἐπιστρέφω Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, If you bring me home again to fight with the children of Ammon, and Yahweh deliver them before me, shall I be your head?
- Judges 11:13 ἐπιστρέφω The king of the children of Ammon answered to the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when he came up out of Egypt, from the Arnon even to the Jabbok, and to the Jordan: now therefore restore those [lands] again peaceably.
- Judges 11:31 ἐπιστρέφω then it shall be, that whatever comes forth from the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, it shall be Yahweh's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.
- Judges 11:35 ἐπιστρέφω It happened, when he saw her, that he tore his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! you have brought me very low, and you are one of those who trouble me; for I have opened my mouth to Yahweh, and I can't go back.
- Judges 11:39 ἐπιστρέφω It happened at the end of two months, that she returned to her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she was a virgin. It was a custom in Israel,
- Judges 15:4 ἐπιστρέφω Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took firebrands, and turned tail to tail, and put a firebrand in the midst between every two tails.
- Judges 15:19 ἐπιστρέφω But God split the hollow place that is in Lehi, and water came out of it. When he had drunk, his spirit came again, and he revived: therefore the name of it was called En Hakkore, which is in Lehi, to this day.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G1994) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.