בַּ֫עַד
behind
also: through, round about, on behalf of, away from fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Preposition
- A relational word (e.g. “in,” “to,” “from”) governing a noun.
Every verse where H1157 appears in the Book of Joshua — 1 distinct verse. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Joshua
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
The Hebrew preposition בעד centers on the idea of “behind.” Alongside “behind” the lexicon also lists “through”, “round about”, and “on behalf of” — part of its full sense range. It turns up in 81 verses across 24 books, a moderately common footprint. Its earliest occurrence is Genesis 7:16. It shares a root with עד, עד and עדן. Dig into 81-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H1157 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 81
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 81 distinct verses.
- 24 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 24 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #415
- by frequency
- Top 500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 415 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 81 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 81 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 44 verses · 54%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 24 verses · 30%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 13 verses · 16%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Within 3×, Upon 2×
- American Standard Version: Behind 3×, Upon 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: For 24×, Behalf 6×, Through 6×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: For 15×, Behalf of 13×, Through 11×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H1157 across 19 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 14 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H1157 across 19 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 14 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H1157 across 87 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 13 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 17 further occurrences.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H1157 across 100 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings. Plus 21 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 5 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1. lit.
- a. with vbs. of falling, letting down, leaning forward so as to look out, through (lit. away from) a window, etc.: Jos 2:15 and she let him down by a cord בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן away from the window, i.e. out through it, 1 S 19:12 2 S 20:21 2 K 1:2 and A. fell בְּעַד הַשְּׂבָכָה out through the lattice; Gn 26:8 Ju 5:28 out through the window נִשְׁקְפָה she looked forth (lit. leant forward), 2 S 6:16 +; pregn. Jb 22:13 will he judge בְּעַד עֲרָפֶל (looking) out through the thick clouds? Conversely Jo 2:9 in through the windows they come (the locusts) as a thief. e.g. Joshua 2:15
- b. idiom. with vbs. of shutting, especially סָגַר בְּעַד to shut behind or upon—whether one-self, Ju 9:51 and they entered the tower וַיִּסְגְּרוּ בַּעֲדָם and shut (the doors) upon themselves (sc. from the inside), 2 K 4:4, 5, 33 Is 26:20; or another, Gn 7:16 וַיִּסְגֹּר י׳ בַּעֲדוֹ and י׳ shut behind or upon him (sc. from the outside), i.e. shut him in, Ju 3:23 (the sf. in בַּעֲדוֹ referring to Eglon), 2 K 4:21 (but N.B. persons leaving a room shut the door אַחֲרֵי themselves Gn 19:6 2 S 13:17, 18): see also Ju 3:22 1 S 1:6 סָגַר י׳ בְּעַד רַחְמָהּ (cf. Gn 20:18 עָצַר בְּעַד רֶחֶם), Jb 9:7 חָתַם בְּעַד to seal up, 1:10; 3:23 בְּעַד (הֵסֵךְ) שׂוּךְ to make a hedge about, La 3:7 גָּדַר בְּעַד to fence about. Somewhat peculiarly Am 9:10 (who say,) Evil will not draw near, or come in front בַּעֲדֵינוּ so as to be about us (but Gr עָדֵינוּ unto us), Jo 2:8 (of the locusts) בְּעַד הַשֶּׁלַח יִפֹּ֑לוּ (prob.) in among the weapons they throw themselves (i.e. they pass about and between them without being injured or having their course impeded), 1 S 4:18 and Eli fell backward בְּעַד יַד הַשַּׁעַר, i.e. (si vera l.) about the side of the gate: but text dub.; v. Dr Without a vb. Jon 2:7 the earth, בְּרִיחֶיהָ בַעֲדִי her bars were upon me (or about me) for ever, ψ 139:11 night shall be the light above me, ψ 3:4 thou מָגֵן בַּעֲדִי art a shield about me. Hence e.g. Judges 9:51
- c. after a vb. of protecting, †Zc 12:8 in that day יָגֵן י׳ בְּעַד יושׁב ירושׁלם will י׳ give protection about, etc. e.g. Zechariah 12:8
- 2. metaph. on behalf of (ὑπέρ); very freq. after הִתְפַּלֵּל Gn 20:7 Nu 21:7 1 S 7:5 ψ 72:15 +; also with other vbs. of entreating Ex 8:24 1 S 7:9, or consulting (דָּרַשׁ) Is 8:19 2 K 22:13 Je 21:2; with כִּפֶּר atone Ex 32:30 Lv 9:7; 11:6, 11 +, עָשָׂה (= offer) †Ez 45:22: see also 2 S 10:12; 12:16 Is 37:4 Je 7:16; 11:14 Ez 22:30 Pr 20:16; 27:13 ψ 138:8 Jb 2:4 עוֹר בְּעַד עוֹר (v. עוֹר), 6:22. Almost = for the sake of, on account of Pr 6:26 Je 11:14 (but 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 and many MSS. בְּעֵת רָעָתָם, cf. v 12 15:11). Is 32:14 hill and watch-tower הָיָה בְעַד מְעָרוֹת are come to be on behalf of (i.e. take the place of, serve as) caves for ever: but use is singular, and בְּעַד is prob. only dittogr. from מער in מערות (so Gr).—With מִן, מִבַּעַד לְ׳ (cf. מִמַּעַל לְ׳, מִתַּהַת לְ׳): †Ct 4:1, 3; 6:7 thine eyes are doves מִבַּעַד לְצַמָּתֵךְ from behind thy veil. Cf. on בַּעַד GrätzMonataschrift, 1879, 49 ff. e.g. Genesis 20:7
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
subst. proposes separation, with a gen., in separation from, in usage a prep. away from, behind, about, on behalf of (Arabic بَعْدُ, of time, after)—abs. †Ct 4:1, 3; 6:7, elsewhere cstr. בְּעַד, with sf. בַּעֲדִי Ex 8:24 +, בַּעֲדֵנִי †ψ 139:11; בַּעַדְךָ Gn 20:7 +; בַּעֲדוֹ etc.; 1 pl. בַּעֲדֵנוּ, †Am 9:10 בַּעֲדֵינוּ; בַּעַדְכֶם 1 S 7:5 +; בַּעֲדָם Lv 9:7 +;—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from עד (ʻad) (H5704) — until.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
בעד
- (Arab.) to keep off. Imper. IV אַבְעִד. Cant. R. to IV, 1 (ref. to מבעד ib.) ל׳ ערבי וכ׳ it is Arabic; if one desires to say to one, Make room for me (or, Let me alone), he says אבעד לי (some ed. מבעד).
עַד
- turn, continuation; (prep.) up to, until, during, while; in place of. B. Mets. 87ᵃ; Snh. 107ᵇ עד אברהם up to Abraham’s time, v. זִקְנָה. B. Kam. 55ᵃ עד שאתה שואלני וכ׳ during the time that &c., instead of asking me &c. Gen. R. s. 58 עד שלא ישקיע וכ׳ before yet the Lord causes the sun of one righteous man to set, he causes that of another to rise. Kidd. 29ᵇ עד כ׳ שנה until a person is twenty years old. Ib. 31ᵃ עד היכן כיבוד וכ׳ how far does the duty of honoring parents go?; a. v. fr.—Ber. 26ᵇ (ref. to ib. IV, 1 ‘up to four hours’) עד וָעַד בכלל וכ׳ does it mean ‘up to’, and that ‘up to’ included, i.e. including the whole fourth hour of the day, or excluding the fourth hour? Nidd. 58ᵇ לימא בעד ועד בכלל קמיפלגי shall we say, their difference turns on the question whether ‘until’ is meant to include or to exclude the terminus? Ib. איכא עד ועד בכלל ואיכא עד ולא עד בכלל sometimes ‘until’ means inclusive of, and sometimes exclusive of. Ib. קמיפלגי בעד ועד דהכא they differ as to the meaning of the word ‘until’ in this case (in the Mishnah); a. fr.—בַּעַד, בְּעַד (cmp. עֲבוּר) in behalf of, for, about. Midr. Till. to Ps. IV וכי … הפונדק בַּעֲדֵינוּ (our w. missing in ed. Bub.) has that innkeeper opened his shop for the first time today, for our benefit? Midr. Till. to Ps. XII שאל בַּעֲדוֹ וכ׳ he inquired about him, where is he?; a. e.—וָעֶד, v. עוֹלָם.
עַד ²
- Targ. Gen. II, 5. Ib. XIV, 14; a. v. fr.—B. Bath. 21ᵃ עד שית לא תקביל up to six years of age admit no child to school. Gen. R. s. 44ᵃ, a. e. עד דסנדלך, v. כּוּבָּא I. Lam. R. to III, 20 עד דשמינא וכ׳, v. חֲשִׁיךְ II; a. fr.
עֹד
- v. עוֹד
עד
- , Targ. O. Lev. XI, 13 ed. Amst., v. עַר.
עֵד
- [present, confirming,] (cmp. סהד) witness, evidence. Ḥull. 10ᵇ, a. e. עד אחד נאמן וכ׳ in matters of ritual the statement of one witness is sufficient. Bekh. 36ᵃ, a. e. עד מפי עד a witness testifying to what he has heard from an eye-witness. R. Hash. 26, a. e. אין עד נעשה דיין a witness in the case cannot act as judge. Keth. 21ᵇ עד נעשה דיין a witness may act as judge; a. v. fr.—Pl. עֵדִים. Ib. דיינים המכירין חתימות ידי ע׳ if the judges know (can identify) the signatures of the witnesses to a document. Ib. II, 3 הע׳ שאמרו וכ׳ if witnesses declare, this is our signature, but we have been forced &c. Ib. 5 אם יש ע׳ וכ׳ if there is evidence that she was a married woman.—Kidd. 48ᵃ, a. fr. עידֵי חתימה, ע׳ מסירה, v. כְּרַת; a. v. fr.—Trnsf. evidence, proof. Sabb. 81ᵃ אם יש עליה עד (euphem.) if there is an evidence (stain of excrements) on it. B. Kam. 11ᵃ top (ref. to Ex. XXII, 12) יביא עד עורה Ar. (ed. אדורה, עדודה, v. אָדַר) he shall offer in evidence its hide.—Esp. a piece of cloth used by women for ascertaining their condition of cleanness or uncleanness. Nidd. VIII, 4 עד שהוא נתון וכ׳ if an examining rag (after use) has been put under the cushion &c. Ib. 14ᵇ; 12ᵃ משל לשמש ועד וכ׳ to speak allegorically (euphemistically), the servant and the examiner stand by the side of the threshold &c. (v. שַׁמָּשׁ). Ib. זהו עֵדָן של צנועות (Ar. עֵידָן) this (special) rag is that of the chaste women; a. fr.—Pl. as ab. Ib. I, 7. Ib. II, 1; a. fr. e.g. Exodus 22:12
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 51 distinct written forms H1157 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| בְּעַ֥ד | Preposition | Deuteronomy 9:20 | 14 |
| בְּעַ֣ד | Preposition | 1 Chronicles 15:29 | 12 |
| בְּעַד | Preposition | 1 Chronicles 19:13 | 7 |
| וּ/בְעַ֖ד | Preposition | Ezekiel 45:22 | 7 |
| בַּעֲד֖/וֹ | Preposition | 2 Kings 4:21 | 4 |
| וּ/בְעַ֣ד | Preposition | 2 Kings 4:5 | 4 |
| וּ/בְעַ֥ד | Preposition | Job 1:10 | 4 |
| בְּעַ֖ד | Preposition | Genesis 26:8 | 3 |
| וּ/בְעַד | Preposition | 2 Kings 4:4 | 3 |
| מִ/בַּ֖עַד | Preposition | Song of Solomon 4:1 | 3 |
| וּ/בְעַד֙ | Preposition | 2 Chronicles 34:21 | 2 |
| בְעַ֤ד | Preposition | Isaiah 32:14 | 1 |
| בְעַד | Preposition | Proverbs 6:26 | 1 |
| בַעֲד֧/וֹ | Preposition | Job 1:10 | 1 |
| בַעֲדִ֖/י | Preposition | Jonah 2:6 | 1 |
| בַעֲדִֽ/י | Preposition | Job 6:22 | 1 |
| בַעֲדֵ֔/נוּ | Preposition | Jeremiah 37:3 | 1 |
| בַעֲדֵ֨/נוּ֙ | Preposition | Jeremiah 21:2 | 1 |
| בַעֲדָ֖/הּ | Preposition | Jeremiah 29:7 | 1 |
| בַעֲדָ֖/ם | Preposition | Jeremiah 11:14 | 1 |
| בַעֲדָ֛/ם | Preposition | Jeremiah 7:16 | 1 |
| בְּעַ֧ד | Preposition | Joel 2:9 | 1 |
| בְּעַֽד | Preposition | 2 Chronicles 30:18 | 1 |
| בְּעַד֙ | Preposition | Zechariah 12:8 | 1 |
| בְּעַד֩ | Preposition | Judges 5:28 | 1 |
| בַּ֫עֲדִ֥/י | Preposition | Psalms 138:8 | 1 |
| בַּֽעֲד֖/וֹ | Preposition | Leviticus 16:11 | 1 |
| בַּֽעַדְ/ךָ֖ | Preposition | Leviticus 9:7 | 1 |
| בַּעֲד/וֹ֙ | Preposition | Leviticus 16:17 | 1 |
| בַּעֲד֕/וֹ | Preposition | Ezekiel 45:22 | 1 |
| בַּעֲד֣/וֹ | Preposition | Psalms 72:15 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדִ֑/י | Preposition | Psalms 3:3 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדִ֔/י | Preposition | 1 Kings 13:6 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדִ֗/י | Preposition | 2 Chronicles 34:21 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדִ֛/י | Preposition | Lamentations 3:7 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדִ֣/י | Preposition | 2 Kings 22:13 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדִֽ/י | Preposition | Exodus 8:28 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדֵ֣/ךְ | Preposition | 2 Kings 4:4 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדֵֽ/נִי | Preposition | Psalms 139:11 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדֶ֑/ךָ | Preposition | Isaiah 26:20 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדָ֑/ם | Preposition | Judges 9:51 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדָ֖/הּ | Preposition | 2 Kings 4:5 | 1 |
| בַּעֲדֽ/וֹ | Preposition | Job 3:23 | 1 |
| בַּעַדְ/כֶ֑ם | Preposition | 1 Samuel 12:23 | 1 |
| בַּעַדְ/כֶ֖ם | Preposition | 1 Samuel 7:5 | 1 |
| בַּֽעֲדָ֔/ם | Preposition | Leviticus 9:7 | 1 |
| בַּֽעֲדֽ/וֹ | Preposition | Genesis 7:16 | 1 |
| בַּֽעַדְ/ךָ֖ | Preposition | Genesis 20:7 | 1 |
| בַּֽעַדְ/כֶ֔ם | Preposition | Job 42:8 | 1 |
| הַ/בְעַ֖ד | Preposition | Job 22:13 | 1 |
| וּ/בְ/ע֗וֹד | Adverb | Isaiah 7:8 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H1157, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 81 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 81 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 7:16
- Exodus 8:28
- Leviticus 9:7
- Numbers 21:7
- Deuteronomy 9:20
- Joshua 2:15
- Judges 3:22
- 1 Samuel 1:6
- 2 Samuel 6:16
- 1 Kings 13:6
- 2 Kings 1:2
- 1 Chronicles 15:29
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
