מִדְיָן
Midian
BDB lists 4 entries for ‘Midian’ fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Proper
- A name of a specific person, place, or people (e.g. Abraham, Zion, Israel).
Every verse where H4080 appears — 55 distinct verses across 10 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 3 verses
- Genesis 25:2 מִדְיָ֑ן n Proper She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.
- Genesis 25:4 מִדְיָ֗ן n Proper The sons of Midian: Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida, and Eldaah. All these were the children of Keturah.
- Genesis 36:35 מִדְיָן֙ n Proper Husham died, and Hadad, the son of Bedad, who struck Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his place. The name of his city was Avith.
Exodus 5 verses
- Exodus 2:15 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and lived in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well.
- Exodus 2:16 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters. They came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father's flock.
- Exodus 3:1 מִדְיָ֑ן n Proper Now Moses was keeping the flock of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the back of the wilderness, and came to God's mountain, to Horeb.
- Exodus 4:19 בְּ/מִדְיָ֔ן prep + n Proper Yahweh said to Moses in Midian, "Go, return into Egypt; for all the men who sought your life are dead."
- Exodus 18:1 מִדְיָן֙ n Proper Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, how that Yahweh had brought Israel out of Egypt.
Numbers 8 verses
- Numbers 22:4 מִדְיָ֗ן n Proper Moab said to the elders of Midian, Now will this multitude lick up all that is round about us, as the ox licks up the grass of the field. Balak the son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time.
- Numbers 22:7 מִדְיָ֔ן n Proper The elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the rewards of divination in their hand; and they came to Balaam, and spoke to him the words of Balak.
- Numbers 25:15 בְּ/מִדְיָ֖ן prep + n Proper The name of the Midianite woman who was slain was Cozbi, the daughter of Zur; he was head of the people of a fathers' house in Midian.
- Numbers 25:18 מִדְיָן֙ n Proper for they vex you with their wiles, with which they have deceived you in the matter of Peor, and in the matter of Cozbi, the daughter of the prince of Midian, their sister, who was slain on the day of the plague in the matter of Peor.
- Numbers 31:3 מִדְיָ֔ן בְּ/מִדְיָֽן n Proper prep + n Proper Moses spoke to the people, saying, Arm you men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute Yahweh's vengeance on Midian.
- Numbers 31:7 מִדְיָ֔ן n Proper They warred against Midian, as Yahweh commanded Moses; and they killed every male.
- Numbers 31:8 מִדְיָ֜ן מִדְיָ֑ן n Proper n Proper They killed the kings of Midian with the rest of their slain: Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, the five kings of Midian: Balaam also the son of Beor they killed with the sword.
- Numbers 31:9 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper The children of Israel took captive the women of Midian and their little ones; and all their cattle, and all their flocks, and all their goods, they took for a prey.
Joshua 1 verse
Judges 29 verses
- Judges 6:1 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper The children of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh: and Yahweh delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.
- Judges 6:2 מִדְיָ֖ן מִדְיָ֜ן n Proper n Proper The hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds.
- Judges 6:3 מִדְיָ֧ן n Proper So it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east; they came up against them;
- Judges 6:6 מִדְיָ֑ן n Proper Israel was brought very low because of Midian; and the children of Israel cried to Yahweh.
- Judges 6:7 מִדְיָֽן n Proper It happened, when the children of Israel cried to Yahweh because of Midian,
- Judges 6:11 מִדְיָֽן n Proper The angel of Yahweh came, and sat under the oak which was in Ophrah, that pertained to Joash the Abiezrite: and his son Gideon was beating out wheat in the winepress, to hide it from the Midianites.
- Judges 6:13 מִדְיָֽן n Proper Gideon said to him, Oh, my lord, if Yahweh is with us, why then has all this happened to us? and where are all his wondrous works which our fathers told us of, saying, Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt? but now Yahweh has cast us off, and delivered us into the hand of Midian.
- Judges 6:14 מִדְיָ֑ן n Proper Yahweh looked at him, and said, Go in this your might, and save Israel from the hand of Midian: have not I sent you?
- Judges 6:16 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper Yahweh said to him, Surely I will be with you, and you shall strike the Midianites as one man.
- Judges 6:33 מִדְיָ֧ן n Proper Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east assembled themselves together; and they passed over, and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.
- Judges 7:1 מִדְיָן֙ n Proper Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people who were with him, rose up early, and encamped beside the spring of Harod: and the camp of Midian was on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley.
- Judges 7:2 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper Yahweh said to Gideon, The people who are with you are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hand, lest Israel vaunt themselves against me, saying, My own hand has saved me.
- Judges 7:7 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper Yahweh said to Gideon, By the three hundred men who lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into your hand; and let all the people go every man to his place.
- Judges 7:8 מִדְיָ֔ן n Proper So the people took food in their hand, and their trumpets; and he sent all the men of Israel every man to his tent, but retained the three hundred men: and the camp of Midian was beneath him in the valley.
- Judges 7:12 וּ/מִדְיָ֨ן conj + n Proper The Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like locusts for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand which is on the sea-shore for multitude.
- Judges 7:13 מִדְיָ֔ן n Proper When Gideon had come, behold, there was a man telling a dream to his fellow; and he said, Behold, I dreamed a dream; and, behold, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the camp of Midian, and came to the tent, and struck it so that it fell, and turned it upside down, so that the tent lay flat.
- Judges 7:14 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper His fellow answered, This is nothing else save the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel: into his hand God has delivered Midian, and all the host.
- Judges 7:15 מִדְיָֽן n Proper It was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and the interpretation of it, that he worshiped; and he returned into the camp of Israel, and said, Arise; for Yahweh has delivered into your hand the host of Midian.
- Judges 7:23 מִדְיָֽן n Proper The men of Israel were gathered together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after Midian.
- Judges 7:24 מִדְיָן֙ n Proper Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephraim, saying, Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan. So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan.
- Judges 7:25 מִדְיָ֜ן מִדְיָ֑ן n Proper n Proper They took the two princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb; and they killed Oreb at the rock of Oreb, and Zeeb they killed at the winepress of Zeeb, and pursued Midian: and they brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon beyond the Jordan.
- Judges 8:1 בְּ/מִדְיָ֑ן prep + n Proper The men of Ephraim said to him, Why have you served us thus, that you didn't call us, when you went to fight with Midian? They did chide with him sharply.
- Judges 8:3 מִדְיָן֙ n Proper God has delivered into your hand the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison with you? Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that.
- Judges 8:5 מִדְיָֽן n Proper He said to the men of Succoth, Please give loaves of bread to the people who follow me; for they are faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian.
- Judges 8:12 מִדְיָ֗ן n Proper Zebah and Zalmunna fled; and he pursued after them; and he took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and confused all the host.
- Judges 8:22 מִדְיָֽן n Proper Then the men of Israel said to Gideon, Rule you over us, both you, and your son, and your son's son also; for you have saved us out of the hand of Midian.
- Judges 8:26 מִדְיָ֔ן n Proper The weight of the golden ear-rings that he requested was one thousand and seven hundred [shekels] of gold, besides the crescents, and the pendants, and the purple clothing that was on the kings of Midian, and besides the chains that were about their camels' necks.
- Judges 8:28 מִדְיָ֗ן n Proper So Midian was subdued before the children of Israel, and they lifted up their heads no more. The land had rest forty years in the days of Gideon.
- Judges 9:17 מִדְיָֽן n Proper (for my father fought for you, and adventured his life, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian:
1 Kings 1 verse
1 Chronicles 3 verses
- 1 Chronicles 1:32 וּ/מִדְיָ֖ן conj + n Proper The sons of Keturah, Abraham's concubine: she bore Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. The sons of Jokshan: Sheba, and Dedan.
- 1 Chronicles 1:33 מִדְיָ֗ן n Proper The sons of Midian: Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. All these were the sons of Keturah.
- 1 Chronicles 1:46 מִדְיָן֙ n Proper Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who struck Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his place; and the name of his city was Avith.
Psalms 1 verse
Isaiah 3 verses
- Isaiah 9:4 מִדְיָֽן n Proper For the yoke of his burden, and the staff of his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, you have broken as in the day of Midian.
- Isaiah 10:26 מִדְיָ֖ן n Proper Yahweh of Hosts will stir up against him a scourge, as in the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb: and his rod will be over the sea, and he will lift it up after the manner of Egypt.
- Isaiah 60:6 מִדְיָן֙ n Proper The multitude of camels shall cover you, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come; they shall bring gold and frankincense, and shall proclaim the praises of Yahweh.
Habakkuk 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
מדין — transliterated Midyân — is a Hebrew name carrying the sense “Midian.” Its uses cluster heavily in Judges (53% of all occurrences). Spanning 55 verses in 10 books, it ranks among the moderately common words of the Hebrew Bible. Debuting at Genesis 25:2, it then recurs through the corpus. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H4080 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 55
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 55 distinct verses.
- 10 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 10 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #647
- by frequency
- Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 647 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 55 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 55 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 35 verses · 64%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 16 verses · 29%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 4 verses · 7%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Midian 38×, Midianites 17×
- American Standard Version: Midian 48×, Midianites 4×
- Berean Standard Bible: Midian 39×, Midianites 10×, Midianite 4×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Midian 56×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H4080 across 59 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 4 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H4080 across 59 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 7 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H4080 across 58 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 5 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H4080 across 62 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 6 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 3 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1. son of Abraham and Keturah Gn 25:2, 4 (J) 1 Ch 1:32, 33. e.g. Genesis 25:2
- 2. an Arabian tribe Gn 36:35 (= 1 Ch 1:46) Nu 31:3(×2), 7, 8(×2), 9 (P) Ju 6–9 (31 times); having a כֹּהֵן (as chieftain?) Ex 2:16; 3:1; 18:1 (E); זקנים Nu 22:4, 7 (JE), נשׂיא(ים) Nu 25:18 (P) Jos 13:21 (P), שׂרים Ju 7:25; 8:3, מלכים Nu 31:8(×2) Ju 5:5, 12, 26; בִּכְרֵי מִדְיָן dromedaries of Midian Is 60:6; יוֹם מִדְיָן day of Midian Is 9:3 (the victory over Midian Ju 7–8) cf. 10:26 ψ 83:10. e.g. Genesis 36:35
- 3. אֶרֶץ מִדְיָן the land of Midian Ex 2:15 (E) Hb 3:7; מִדְיָן Ex 4:19 (J) Nu 25:15 (P) 1 K 11:18; land of Ælantic gulf (where Arabic geographers still place town مدين). Cf. on Midian, GlaserSkizze ii. 447 ff.; HomAufsätze i. (1892), 4 f. e.g. Exodus 2:15
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
Derived from מדין (midyân) (H4079) — strife.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
*דֵּין
- (v. דְּוַי)
- 1. faintness, trouble, sickness. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵃ bot. ד׳ ליה וכ׳ he was in trouble; (so) we let him pass.
- 2. interj. expressive of love-longing (cmp. אוֹי &c.) Oh! Ah! Cant. R. to II, 9 (play on דודי) את אומר לנו ד׳ ד׳ וכ׳ thou (O Lord) sayest to us, Oh! Oh! [strike out the gloss פי׳ דיאו דיאו]. Thou art sighing for us first (instead of our aspiring for thee)! Ib. (twice more; correct slight inaccuracies). Pesik. R. s. 15 [read:] את אתת לגבן קדמאה, דיאו את לגבן, את אמרת לנו דיו; Num. R. s. 11 [read:] את אמרת לנו דיו את אתת וכ׳.
דֵּין
- , v. דֵּן
דִּין I
- v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.) [to rule,]
- 1. to hold court, pass sentence, punish. Snh. II, 2 המלך לא דָן ולא דָנִין וכ׳ the king must not act as judge, nor be summoned before court. B. Kam. 82ᵃ ודנין בשני וב׳ court is held on Mondays and Thursdays. Snh. VII, 5 דנין את העדים וכ׳ witnesses are examined &c., v. כִּינּוּי. Ib. 5ᵃ ידין ידין dare he hold court? He dare; a. fr.
- 2. to argue, conclude. Pes. 27ᵇ דָּנוּ דִין אחר they argued differently. Maas. Sh. II, 9; Eduy. I, 10 הַדָּנִין לפני חכמים those who argued before the scholars; Snh. 17ᵇ by ‘those who argued &c.’ are meant R. Shimeon &c. Ab. Zar. III, 5 (45ᵃ) אני אובין ואָדוּן (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 8), v. בִּין. R. Hash. 7ᵃ דנין שנה … משנה וכ׳ we compare the word shanah (year), used in connection with months, with shanah used &c. (Num. XXVIII, 14 with Ex. XII, 2); a. fr. e.g. Numbers 28:14
- 3. to judge, form an opinion of. Ab. I, 6, v. זְכוּת; a. fr.
- נָדוֹן) to be judged, be called to account, summoned, punished, sentenced. R. Hash. I, 2 העולם נ׳ sentence is passed upon the world (prosperity or failure decreed). Ib. 16ᵃ נִידֹּונֶת לשעבר sentence has been passed upon it in the previous year (on the Passover, before the seed was sown), נ׳ להבא on the Passover of this same year (after the seed has been planted). Ib. אדם נ׳ בכל יום judgment is passed on man every day. Ib. 12ᵃ ברותחין נִידּוֹנוּ they were punished with (found their death in) hot water. Ab. III, 15 בטוב העולם נ׳ the world is ruled with divine mercy. Ḥull. 45ᵃ נ׳ כמוח is subject to the same law as the brain. B. Kam. II, 5 להיות כנ׳, v. דַּי; a. fr.
- to argue, discuss, dispute. Koh. R. to II, 8 היתה מְדַיֶּינֶת וכ׳ she argued (contended) with him. Ib. שמְדַיְּינִין בהלכה who argue legal questions.—Gen. R. s. 3 היו מדיינין זה עם זה contended with one another; a. fr.
דִּין
- Targ. I Kings XX, 40; a. e.—Part. דָּאֵין, דָּיֵין, דָּיֵן. Targ. Is. XVI, 5. Targ. O. Ex. XVIII, 16 דָּאֵינָא ed. Berl. (Var. דָּאִיְנָא, דָּאִינְנָא, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 25; Y. דָּיֵינָא).—Ib. מִידַן, מֵידוּן. Targ. O. ib. 13 לְמִידַן (ed. Berl. לִמְדַּן, Y. למֵידוּן); a. e.—Y. Snh. I, 18ᵃ bot. יתיב דָּיֵין וכ׳ sat holding court single-handed. Ib. הוו דָּיְינִין קומי וכ׳ had a law-suit before &c. Keth. 27ᵇ דָּאִינְנָא I decide (v. supra). B. Bath. 29ᵃ, v. דַּיָּינָא; a. fr. [Sabb. 67ᵇ, v. דני.]—דּוּן מִינָּהּ ומינה judge from it and (all) from it, i.e. an analogy (v. גְּזֵירָה) must be carried through all points so that the case deduced agrees throughout with the case from which the deduction has started, opp. דון מינה ואוקי באתרה judge from it and place the deduction back on its own basis, i.e. let the deduction won by analogy be regulated by the rules of the original case, e.g. Shebu. 31ᵃ an analogy between testimony and trust with reference to false oaths (Lev. V, 1 sq., a. 21 sq.). Yeb. 78ᵇ; B. Kam. 25ᵇ; a. fr. e.g. Leviticus 5:1
- 1. to dispute, quarrel. Targ. Y. Ex. XV, 12; a. e.
- 2. to decide. Shebu. 32ᵇ היכי לִדַיְּינֵי דַיָּינֵי וכ׳ how shall the judges decide this case?; ib. 47ᵃ לִידַיְּינוּ; a. e.
- , אִי׳ to be judged, decreed upon, punished. Targ. Y. Ex. XVIII, 11. Targ. Is. LIX, 4; a. fr.—R. Hash. 16ᵃ אימת אִיתְּדוּן when were these sentences passed?—Ib. חד דינא מִתְדָּנָא sentence is passed upon it (the grain) once only; תרי דיני מתדנא sentence is … twice.
- 1. same. Targ. Ps. XXXVII, 33; a. e.—2) same.
- to argue, dispute, have a law-suit with. Targ. II Chr. XXII, 8; a. e.—Y. Snh. III, end, 21ᵈ [read:] והוון מידַּיְּינִין וכ and contested before &c.; a. e.
דִּין II
- preced.)
- 1. law-suit, claim; judgment, justice, law. Yeb. 92ᵃ; Snh. 6ᵇ יקוב הד׳ את ההר let the law cut through the mountain (justice under all circumstances). Ib. 2ᵇ אין דִּינֵיהֶם ד׳ their decision is not binding. Keth. IX, 2 אין מרחמין בד׳ compassion must have no influence on the decision of the law. Ib. IX, 1 ד׳ ודברים אין לי וכ׳ I have no claim whatever &c. Snh. l. c. שנים שבאו לד׳ two persons who come before court. Ib. VI, 1, v. גָּמַר.—B. Mets. 30ᵇ, a. fr. ד׳ תורה strict law, opp. לפנים משורת הד׳ inside the line of the law, equity.—Sabb. 33ᵃ עינוי הד׳ vexations of the law, unnecessary delay of sentence, עיוות הד׳ perversion of the law, partiality and sophistry; קילקול הד׳ disregard of the law, wrong sentence through carelessness.—Ab. Zar. 18ᵃ, a. fr. יום הד׳ the day of judgment (in the world to come). Ib., a. fr. הצדיק את הד׳ to declare God’s judgment right, to submit to God’s decree with resignation, צידוק הד׳ resignation.—Ab. IV, 22, a. fr. נתן ד׳ to give an account, to be made responsible.—Gen. R. s. 28 נטלו דִינָם suffered punishment Gen. R. s. 22 לתבוע דִּינוֹ של וכ׳ (Ar. דקיון) to make responsible for &c., cmp. דִּיקְיוֹן; a. fr.—Ib. s. 12 end, a. fr. מידת הד׳ the attribute of justice, Divine Justice, opp. מידת הרחמים Divine Mercy; v. מִדָּה.—בֵּית דִּין (abbr. ב"ד) court, v. בַּיִת.—גְּזַר ד׳ decree, v. גָּזָר.—Kidd. 65ᵇ, a. fr. בעל ד׳ litigant, opponent in court.—Snh. 32ᵇ ד׳ מרומה proceedings in court which bear evidences of fraudulent claims or statements.—Ber. 55ᵃ מוסר ד׳ על חבירו וכ׳ one who appeals to the Lord for judgment on his neighbor.
- 2. argument, analogy. Snh. 4ᵇ; Zeb. 38ᵃ מפני הד׳ by analogy from equal expressions, v. גְּזֵרָה. Ib. והלא ד׳ הוא is not this an analogy?—Esp. conclusion from minor to major (קל וְחוֹמֶר). Y. Kidd. I, beg. 58ᵇ; Bab. Kidd. 4ᵇ, a. fr. ד׳ הוא it is a proper conclusion; מה … אינו ד׳ if a Hebrew hand-maid … is acquired by means of money, אינו ד׳ וכ׳ is it not so much the more proper that a wife &c.—Snh. 54ᵃ, a. fr. אין עונשין מן הד׳ the tresspass of a law derived by conclusion ad majus is not punishable.—לבא מן הד׳ וכ׳, v. דַּי.—Snh. 2ᵇ, a. fr. ובד׳ הוא ד־ and by right &c. Ib. הוא הד׳ דאפי׳ the same applies also to &c.—Pl. דִּינִים, דִּינִין, constr. דִּינֵי. Ḥag. I, 8 הד׳ the interpretations of laws, v. ib. 11ᵃ.—Snh. IV, 1, a. fr. דיני ממונות civil cases, ד׳ נפשות capital cases. R. Hash. 21ᵇ ד׳ שבלב שלא וכ׳ sentences from a mere inner conviction, without witnesses &c.; a. fr.
דִּין ²
- 1. law, decision; cause &c. Targ. Is. LVIII, 6, v. מַסְטֵי. Targ. Prov. XX, 8; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 45 יבעי דִּינִי גבך may my cause be required at thy hands, i.e. you wronged me, cmp. דִּיקְיוֹן.—Snh. 8ᵃ יומא דד׳ court day. B. Kam. 39ᵃ; B. Mets. 117ᵇ נחית לעומקיה דד׳ he enters into the depth of the case before him. B. Bath. 173ᵇ ד׳ דפרסאי Persian law (arbitrary). B. Kam. 113ᵃ, a. fr. ד׳ דמלכותא ד׳ the law of the (secular) government is law (must supersede the Jewish law in civil affairs). B. Mets. 83ᵃ ד׳ הכי is this the law? Ber. 5ᵇ דעביד ד׳ בלא ד׳ that He will pass sentence without justice (punish without cause). Nidd. 69ᵃ, v. גַּלְחִי. Gitt. 56ᵇ bot. ד׳ דההוא גברא במאי what is this man’s (thy) punishment (in the nether world)? Lev. R. s. 27 אילו הוה הדין ד׳ וכ׳ if such a case would come up in your country. Ib. דִּינְכוֹן אתיתי למחמי (Tanḥ. Emor 6 דיציבון, read: דִּינֵיכוֹן pl.) I came to see your administration of the law; a. fr.
- 2. contest, quarrel. Targ. Prov. XVII, 1; a. fr.—Pl. דִּינִין. Targ. Y. Gen. XIII, 7 [read:] והוו דינין. Targ. Y. Ex. I, 10 בהלין ד׳ by what laws; a. fr.—[Y. Keth. IX, 33ᵇ bot. דין מוגמרין, v. דִּיאֲטַגְמָא.]
דַּיָּן
- , v. דַּיָּין
מַדֵּין
- , v. מַדֵּן
מָדִין
- , v. דֵּן
מִדְיָן I
- (b. h.) Midian, a nomadic tribe. Targ. Ex. II, 16; a. fr.—Num. R. s. 20, v. חָבַר; Snh. 105ᵃ; a. fr.—Denom. מִדְיָנִי, pl. מִדְיָנִים. Num. R. l. c.; Tanḥ. Balak 3; a. fr.
מִדְיָן II
- strife.—Pl. מִדְיָנִים, מִדְיָנִין. Hor. 10ᵇ שהטיל מ׳ בין וכ׳ he (Lot) cast strife between Israel and Ammon; Naz. 23ᵇ (corr. acc.).
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 16 distinct written forms H4080 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| מִדְיָ֖ן | Noun, Proper | Exodus 2:15 | 10 |
| מִדְיָֽן | Noun, Proper | Habakkuk 3:7 | 10 |
| מִדְיָן֙ | Noun, Proper | Exodus 18:1 | 8 |
| מִדְיָ֑ן | Noun, Proper | Exodus 3:1 | 6 |
| מִדְיָ֔ן | Noun, Proper | Judges 7:8 | 6 |
| מִדְיָ֗ן | Noun, Proper | Genesis 25:4 | 6 |
| מִדְיָ֜ן | Noun, Proper | Judges 6:2 | 3 |
| מִדְיָ֧ן | Noun, Proper | Judges 6:3 | 2 |
| בְּ/מִדְיָ֑ן | Noun, Proper | Judges 8:1 | 1 |
| בְּ/מִדְיָ֔ן | Noun, Proper | Exodus 4:19 | 1 |
| בְּ/מִדְיָ֖ן | Noun, Proper | Numbers 25:15 | 1 |
| בְּ/מִדְיָֽן | Noun, Proper | Numbers 31:3 | 1 |
| וּ/מִדְיָ֖ן | Noun, Proper | 1 Chronicles 1:32 | 1 |
| וּ/מִדְיָ֨ן | Noun, Proper | Judges 7:12 | 1 |
| כְּ/מִדְיָ֑ן | Noun, Proper | Psalms 83:9 | 1 |
| מִ/מִּדְיָ֔ן | Noun, Proper | 1 Kings 11:18 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H4080, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. 3 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Bible dictionary
Public-domain dictionary articles matched to this entry by name (Midian). A biblical name can be shared by more than one person or place, so an article may treat several.
Easton's Bible Dictionary · M. G. Easton, 1897
Strife, the fourth son of Abraham by Keturah, the father of the Midianites (Gen. 25:2; 1 Chr. 1:32).
Smith's Bible Dictionary · William Smith, 1863
(strife), a son of Abraham and Keturah, (Genesis 25:2; 1 Chronicles 1:32) progenitor of the Midianites, or Arabians dwelling principally in the desert north of the peninsula of Arabia. Southward they extended along the eastern shore of the Gulf of Eyleh (Sinus AElaniticus); and northward they stretched along the eastern frontier of Palestine. The "land of Midian," the place to which Moses fled after having killed the Egyptian, (Exodus 2:15,21) or the portion of it specially referred to, was probably the peninsula of Sinai. The influence of the Midianties on the Israelites was clearly most evil, and directly tended to lead them from the injunctions of Moses. The events at Shittim occasioned the injunction to vex Midian and smite them. After a lapse of some years, the Midianites appear again as the enemies of the Israelites, oppressing them for seven years, but are finally defeated with great slaughter by Gideon. [Gideon] The Midianites are described as true Arabs, and possessed cattle and flocks and camels as the sand of the seashore for multitude. The spoil taken in the war of both Moses and of Gideon is remarkable. (Numbers 31:22; Judges 8:21,24-26) We have here a wealthy Arab nation, living by plunder, delighting in finery; and, where forays were impossible, carrying ont he traffic southward into Arabia, the land of gold--if not naturally, by trade-- and across to Chaldea, or into the rich plains of Egypt.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary · Roswell D. Hitchcock, 1869
judgment; covering; habit
Classic public-domain reference works; full attribution on Sources.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 54 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 55 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 25:2
- Exodus 2:15
- Numbers 22:4
- Joshua 13:21
- Judges 6:1
- 1 Kings 11:18
- 1 Chronicles 1:32
- Psalms 83:9
- Isaiah 9:4
- Habakkuk 3:7
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
