גֶּ֫פֶן
vine
‘vine’ is one of 4 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Both
- Attested as both masculine and feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Absolute 36 times (65%)
- Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Construct 17 times (31%)
- Noun, Common, Both, Plural, Absolute 2 times (4%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 55 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H1612 appears — 53 distinct verses across 19 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 3 verses
- Genesis 40:9 גֶ֖פֶן n c bs The chief cupbearer told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, "In my dream, behold, a vine was in front of me,
- Genesis 40:10 וּ/בַ/גֶּ֖פֶן conj + prep det + n c bs and in the vine were three branches. It was as though it budded, its blossoms shot forth, and the clusters of it brought forth ripe grapes.
- Genesis 49:11 לַ/גֶּ֨פֶן֙ prep det + n c bs Binding his foal to the vine, His donkey's colt to the choice vine; He has washed his garments in wine, His robes in the blood of grapes:
Numbers 2 verses
- Numbers 6:4 מִ/גֶּ֣פֶן prep + n c bs cs All the days of his separation he shall eat nothing that is made of the grapevine, from the seeds even to the skins.
- Numbers 20:5 וְ/גֶ֨פֶן֙ conj + n c bs Why have you made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in to this evil place? it is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink.
Deuteronomy 2 verses
- Deuteronomy 8:8 וְ/גֶ֥פֶן conj + n c bs a land of wheat and barley, and vines and fig trees and pomegranates; a land of olive trees and honey;
- Deuteronomy 32:32 מִ/גֶּ֤פֶן גַּפְנָ֔/ם prep + n c bs cs n c bs cs + sfx pers 3mp For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, Of the fields of Gomorrah: Their grapes are grapes of gall, Their clusters are bitter:
Judges 3 verses
- Judges 9:12 לַ/גָּ֑פֶן prep det + n c bs The trees said to the vine, Come you, and reign over us.
- Judges 9:13 הַ/גֶּ֔פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs The vine said to them, Should I leave my new wine, which cheers God and man, and go to wave back and forth over the trees?
- Judges 13:14 מִ/גֶּ֨פֶן prep + n c bs cs She may not eat of anything that comes of the vine, neither let her drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing; all that I commanded her let her observe.
1 Kings 1 verse
2 Kings 2 verses
- 2 Kings 4:39 גֶּ֣פֶן n c bs cs One went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered of it wild gourds his lap full, and came and shred them into the pot of stew; for they didn't recognize them.
- 2 Kings 18:31 גַּפְנ/וֹ֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms Don't listen to Hezekiah: for thus says the king of Assyria, Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and eat you everyone of his vine, and everyone of his fig tree, and everyone drink the waters of his own cistern;
Job 1 verse
Psalms 5 verses
- Psalms 78:47 גַּפְנָ֑/ם n c bs cs + sfx pers 3mp He destroyed their vines with hail, Their sycamore-fig trees with frost.
- Psalms 80:8 גֶּ֭פֶן n c bs You brought a vine out of Egypt. You drove out the nations, and planted it.
- Psalms 80:14 גֶּ֣פֶן n c bs Turn again, we beg you, God of hosts. Look down from heaven, and see, and visit this vine,
- Psalms 105:33 גַּ֭פְנָ/ם n c bs cs + sfx pers 3mp He struck their vines and also their fig trees, And shattered the trees of their country.
- Psalms 128:3 כְּ/גֶ֥פֶן prep + n c bs Your wife will be as a fruitful vine, In the innermost parts of your house; Your children like olive plants, Around your table.
Song of Solomon 4 verses
- Song of Solomon 2:13 וְ/הַ/גְּפָנִ֥ים conj + ptcl def.art + n c bp The fig tree ripens her green figs. The vines are in blossom; They give forth their fragrance. Arise, my love, my beautiful one, And come away. Lover
- Song of Solomon 6:11 הַ/גֶּ֔פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs I went down into the nut tree grove, To see the green plants of the valley, To see whether the vine budded, And the pomegranates were in flower.
- Song of Solomon 7:8 הַ/גֶּ֔פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs I said, "I will climb up into the palm tree. I will take hold of its fruit." Let your breasts be like clusters of the vine, The smell of your breath like apples, Beloved
- Song of Solomon 7:12 הַ/גֶּ֨פֶן֙ ptcl def.art + n c bs Let's go early up to the vineyards. Let's see whether the vine has budded, Its blossom is open, And the pomegranates are in flower. There I will give you my love.
Isaiah 7 verses
- Isaiah 7:23 גֶּ֖פֶן n c bs It will happen in that day that every place where there were a thousand vines at a thousand silver shekels, shall be for briers and thorns.
- Isaiah 16:8 גֶּ֣פֶן n c bs cs For the fields of Heshbon languish, [and] the vine of Sibmah; the lords of the nations have broken down the choice branches of it, which reached even to Jazer, which wandered into the wilderness; its shoots were spread abroad, they passed over the sea.
- Isaiah 16:9 גֶּ֣פֶן n c bs cs Therefore I will weep with the weeping of Jazer for the vine of Sibmah; I will water you with my tears, Heshbon, and Elealeh: for on your summer fruits and on your harvest the [battle] shout is fallen.
- Isaiah 24:7 גָ֑פֶן n c bs The new wine mourns, the vine languishes, all the merry-hearted do sigh.
- Isaiah 32:12 גֶּ֖פֶן n c bs They shall strike on the breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine.
- Isaiah 34:4 מִ/גֶּ֔פֶן prep + n c bs All the host of the sky shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll; and all their host shall fade away, as the leaf fades from off the vine, and as a fading [leaf] from the fig tree.
- Isaiah 36:16 גַּפְנ/וֹ֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 3ms Don't listen to Hezekiah: for thus says the king of Assyria, Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and eat you everyone of his vine, and everyone of his fig tree, and drink you everyone the waters of his own cistern;
Jeremiah 5 verses
- Jeremiah 2:21 הַ/גֶּ֥פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs Yet I had planted you a noble vine, wholly a right seed: how then are you turned into the degenerate branches of a foreign vine to me?
- Jeremiah 5:17 גַּפְנְ/ךָ֖ n c bs cs + sfx pers 2ms They shall eat up your harvest, and your bread, [which] your sons and your daughters should eat; they shall eat up your flocks and your herds; they shall eat up your vines and your fig trees; they shall beat down your fortified cities, in which you trust, with the sword.
- Jeremiah 6:9 כַ/גֶּ֖פֶן prep det + n c bs Thus says Yahweh of Hosts, They shall thoroughly glean the remnant of Israel as a vine: turn again your hand as a grape-gatherer into the baskets.
- Jeremiah 8:13 בַּ/גֶּ֜פֶן prep det + n c bs I will utterly consume them, says Yahweh: there shall be no grapes on the vine, nor figs on the fig tree, and the leaf shall fade; and [the things that] I have given them shall pass away from them.
- Jeremiah 48:32 הַ/גֶּ֣פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs With more than the weeping of Jazer will I weep for you, vine of Sibmah: your branches passed over the sea, they reached even to the sea of Jazer: on your summer fruits and on your vintage the destroyer is fallen.
Ezekiel 6 verses
- Ezekiel 15:2 הַ/גֶּ֖פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs Son of man, what is the vine tree more than any tree, the vine-branch which is among the trees of the forest?
- Ezekiel 15:6 הַ/גֶּ֨פֶן֙ ptcl def.art + n c bs Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: As the vine tree among the trees of the forest, which I have given to the fire for fuel, so will I give the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
- Ezekiel 17:6 לְ/גֶ֨פֶן לְ/גֶ֔פֶן prep + n c bs prep + n c bs It grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots of it were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs.
- Ezekiel 17:7 הַ/גֶּ֨פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend its roots toward him, and shot forth its branches toward him, from the beds of its plantation, that he might water it.
- Ezekiel 17:8 לְ/גֶ֥פֶן prep + n c bs cs It was planted in a good soil by many waters, that it might bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a goodly vine.
- Ezekiel 19:10 כַ/גֶּ֛פֶן prep det + n c bs Your mother was like a vine, in your blood, planted by the waters: it was fruitful and full of branches by reason of many waters.
Hosea 3 verses
- Hosea 2:12 גַּפְנָ/הּ֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 3fs I will lay waste her vines and her fig trees, About which she has said, 'These are my wages that my lovers have given me; And I will make them a forest,' And the animals of the field shall eat them.
- Hosea 10:1 גֶּ֤פֶן n c bs Israel is a luxuriant vine that puts forth his fruit. According to the abundance of his fruit he has multiplied his altars. As their land has prospered, they have adorned their sacred stones.
- Hosea 14:7 כַ/גָּ֑פֶן prep det + n c bs Men will dwell in his shade. They will revive like the grain, And blossom like the vine. Their fragrance will be like the wine of Lebanon.
Joel 3 verses
- Joel 1:7 גַּפְנִ/י֙ n c bs cs + sfx pers 1cs He has laid my vine waste, And stripped my fig tree. He has stripped its bark, and thrown it away. Its branches are made white.
- Joel 1:12 הַ/גֶּ֣פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs The vine has dried up, and the fig tree withered; the pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree, Even all of the trees of the field are withered; For joy has withered away from the sons of men.
- Joel 2:22 וָ/גֶ֖פֶן conj + n c bs Don't be afraid, you animals of the field; For the pastures of the wilderness spring up, For the tree bears its fruit. The fig tree and the vine yield their strength.
Micah 1 verse
Habakkuk 1 verse
Haggai 1 verse
Zechariah 2 verses
- Zechariah 3:10 גֶּ֖פֶן n c bs In that day,' says Yahweh of hosts, 'you will invite every man his neighbor under the vine and under the fig tree.'"
- Zechariah 8:12 הַ/גֶּ֜פֶן ptcl def.art + n c bs "For the seed of peace and the vine will yield its fruit, and the ground will give its increase, and the heavens will give their dew; and I will cause the remnant of this people to inherit all these things.
Malachi 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, גפן (gephen) means “vine.” Ranging over 4 senses, it is not a single-sense word. It turns up in 53 verses across 19 books, a moderately common footprint. It first appears in Genesis 40:9. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H1612 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 53
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 53 distinct verses.
- 19 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 19 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #686
- by frequency
- Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 686 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 53 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 53 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 36 verses · 68%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 10 verses · 19%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 7 verses · 13%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Vine 32×, Vines 7×, Under his vine 2×
- American Standard Version: Vine 30×, Vines 7×, Under his vine 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: Vine 29×, Vines 12×, Grapevine 5×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Vine 35×, Vines 6×, Vine of 5×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H1612 across 55 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 14 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H1612 across 55 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 14 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H1612 across 55 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 5 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H1612 across 59 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 4 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- vine, vine tree
- of Israel (figuratively)
- of stars fading at Jehovah's judgment (metaphorically)
- of prosperity
Word origin
n.f. Ju 9:13 + (m. only Ho 10:1, perhaps infl. of יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 K 4:39) vine (NH id., Arabic جَفْنٌ (Yemen), Assyrian gapnu, cf. ZehnpfundBAS i. 633; Aramaic גּוֹפַן, גֶּפֶן, ܓܦܶܬܳܐ, pl. ܓܘܽܦ̈ܢܶܐ )—ג׳ Gn 40:9 + 38 times (also cstr., as Nu 6:4 Dt 32:32 Is 16:8, 9), גָּ֑פֶן Ju 9:12 + 2 times; sf. גַּפְנִי Jo 1:7, גַּפְנְךָ Je 5:17, גַּפְנוֹ 1 K 5:5 + 3 times, גַּפְנָהּ Ho 2:14, גַּפְנָם Dt 32:32 + 2 times; pl. גְּפָנִים Ct 2:13 Hb 3:17—vine (always grape-bearing except 2 K 4:39) Gn 40:9, 10 (in dream) 49:11 Nu 20:5 Dt 8:8 Ju 9:12, 13 (in allegory) 1 K 5:5 2 K 18:31 = Is 36:16, ψ 78:47; 105:33 Ct 2:13; 6:11; 7:13 Is 7:23; 24:7; 32:12 Je 5:17; 8:13 Ho 2:14 Jo 1:7, 12; 2:22 Mi 4:4 Hb 3:17 Hg 2:19 Zc 2:10; 8:12 Mal 3:11; גֶּפֶן שָׂדֶה a vine bearing poisonous gourds 2 K 4:39; גֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן Nu 6:4 (cf. Gn 40:10 Ju 9:13) Ju 13:14; אֶשְׁכְּלוֹת הַגֶּפֶן Ct 7:9; עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן Ez 15:2, 6; in simile of stars fading away at Yahweh’s judgment Is 34:4; in simile of wicked losing early promise Jb 15:33; in simile of wife ψ 128:3; fig. of Israel ψ 80:9, 15 Ez 17:6(×2), 7, 8 Ho 10:1 cf. Ez 19:10, Je 2:21; 6:9; also Ho 14:8; fig. of Israel as easily destroyed Ez 15:2, 6; fig. of godless enemies of Israel Dt 32:32 cf. Di; גֶּפֶן שִׂבְמָה fig. for prosperity of Moab Is 16:8, 9 Je 48:32.—On the vine in Syria cf. AnderlindZPV 1888, 160 ff.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: from an unused root meaning to bend
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
גֶּפֶן
- c. (b. h., v. גפף) vine, esp. grape-vine. Kil. VII, 2; a. fr.—פרי הג׳ wine. Ber. VI, 1; a. fr.—צֶמֶר ג׳ cotton, cotton tree, v. גּוּפְנָא. Kil. l. c.—Pl. גְּפָנִים. Ib.; a. fr.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 42 distinct written forms H1612 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 50 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 53 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 40:9
- Numbers 6:4
- Deuteronomy 8:8
- Judges 9:12
- 2 Kings 4:39
- Job 15:33
- Psalms 80:8
- Song of Solomon 2:13
- Isaiah 7:23
- Jeremiah 2:21
- Ezekiel 15:2
- Hosea 2:12
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
