נָדַח
to thrust
‘to thrust’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Niphal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”). Here: ‘thrust’
- Niphal
- Usually the simple passive or reflexive of the Qal (“he was written”). Here: ‘be impelled’
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘impel’
- Hophal
- The passive counterpart of the Hiphil (“he was caused to…”).
- Pual
- The passive counterpart of the Piel.
Form
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Participle Passive
- A verbal adjective expressing action received (“written”).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Person
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
Gender
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Every verse where H5080 appears in the Book of Isaiah — 5 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Isaiah
- Isaiah 8:22 מְנֻדָּֽח Pual ptcp.pass ms and they shall look to the earth, and see, distress and darkness, the gloom of anguish; and into thick darkness [they shall be] driven away.
- Isaiah 13:14 מֻדָּ֔ח Hophal ptcp.pass ms It shall happen, that as the chased roe, and as sheep that no man gathers, they shall turn every man to his own people, and shall flee every man to his own land.
- Isaiah 16:3 נִדָּחִ֔ים Niphal ptcp.act mp Give counsel, execute justice; make your shade as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; don't betray the fugitive.
- Isaiah 16:4 נִדָּחַ֔/י Niphal ptcp.pass mp cs + sfx pers 1cs Let my outcasts dwell with you; as for Moab, be a covert to him from the face of the destroyer. For the extortioner is brought to nothing, destruction ceases, the oppressors are consumed out of the land.
- Isaiah 27:13 וְ/הַ/נִּדָּחִ֖ים conj + ptcl def.art + Niphal ptcp.pass mp It shall happen in that day, that a great trumpet shall be blown; and they shall come who were ready to perish in the land of Assyria, and those who were outcasts in the land of Egypt; and they shall worship Yahweh in the holy mountain at Jerusalem.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, נדח (nâdach) means “to thrust.” Read the stem: it spans 5 stems, including Qal and Niphal. With 51 verses in 15 books, it is a moderately common word in the Hebrew Bible. Its uses concentrate in Jeremiah (35% of all occurrences). First canonically at Deuteronomy 4:19, it enters the text early. Dig into 51-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H5080 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 51
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 51 distinct verses.
- 15 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 15 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #718
- by frequency
- Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 718 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 51 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Jeremiah 18 verses 35%
- Deuteronomy 10 verses 20%
- Isaiah 5 verses 10%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 51 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 33 verses · 65%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 10 verses · 20%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 8 verses · 16%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Whither i have driven 6×, Banished 2×, Outcasts 2×
- American Standard Version: Whither i have driven 5×, Was driven away 3×
- Berean Standard Bible: Exiles 4×, I have banished them 4×, Astray 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: And 3×, Banished 2×, I will drive 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H5080 across 52 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 40 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H5080 across 52 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 44 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H5080 across 54 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 36 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H5080 across 50 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 41 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
15 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Pual (the passive of Piel) and Hophal (the passive of Hiphil).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 15 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- Impf. יִדַּח 2 S 14:14; Inf. לִנְדֹּחַ Dt 20:19;—trans. e.g. 2 Samuel 14:14
- 1. impel (i.e. wield) an axe, sq. עַל־ Dt 20:19; e.g. Deuteronomy 20:19
- 2. thrust away, banish, sq. מִן־ 2 S 14:14. e.g. 2 Samuel 14:14
Niphal
- Pf. 3 fs. נִדְּחָה Jb 6:13, etc.; (Impf. יִדַּ֫חוּ Je 23:12 v. דחח); Pt. נִדָּח 2 S 14:14; נִדָּחָה Mi 4:6 + 2 times; נִדַּ֫חַת Ez 34:4, 16, etc. On נִדְחֵי Is 11:12; 56:8; ψ 147:2 v. Ki Köi. 317;— e.g. Job 6:13
- 1. be impelled: וְנדְּחָה יָדוֹ בַּגַּרְזֶן be impelled with the axe Dt 19:5. e.g. Deuteronomy 19:5
- 2. be thrust out, banished: of dispersion in exile, sq. שָׁם Je 40:12; 43:5 (‖ שׁוּב); sq. לִפְנֵי 49:5 (‖ קִבֵּץ); cf. also fig. תֻּשִׁיָּה נִדְּחָה מִמֶּנִּי Jb 6:13 is banished from me, i.e. is non-existent; especially Pt. banished one(s), outcast(s), as acc. cogn. c. נָדַח 2 S 14:14; c. קִבֵּץ Mi 4:6; Dt 30:4; Zp 3:19; Ne 1:9; נ׳ יִשִׂרָאֵל, c. אָסַף Is 11:12 (‖ נְפֻצוֹת יְקַבֵּץ); c. קִבֵּץ 56:8; c. כִּנֵּס ψ 147:2; c. הֵשִׁיב 2 S 14:13; Ez 34:4, 16 (both ‖ אֹבֵד); c. בּוֹא Is 27:13 (‖ id.); v. also Is 16:3, 4 Je 49:36; outcast = neglected one, fig. of Zion 30:17 (‖ דֹּרֵשׁ אֵין לָהּ). e.g. Jeremiah 40:12
- 3. driven away (from herd, i.e.) straying Dt 22:1. e.g. Deuteronomy 22:1
- 4. thrust away, aside, from י׳ to idolatry Dt 4:19; 30:17 (sq. וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוָה). e.g. Deuteronomy 4:19
Pual
- Pt. אֲפֵלָה מְנֻדָּח Is 8:22 thrust into darkness. e.g. Isaiah 8:22
Hiphil
- Pf. וְהִדִּיחַ consec. 2 S 15:14; הִדַּ֫חְתִּי Je 23:3; 29:14, etc.; Impf. sf. וַיַּדַּח 2 Ch 21:11 + 2 K 17:21 Qr; וַיַּדִּ֫יחוּ Dt 13:14, etc.; Imv. sf. הַדִּיחֵ֫מוֹ ψ 5:11; Inf. הַדִּיחַ 62:5, etc.;— e.g. 2 Samuel 15:14
- 1. thrust, move, impel, fig., obj. רָעָה 2 S 15:14 (sq. עַל־). e.g. 2 Samuel 15:14
- 2. thrust out, banish, especially of exile, subj. י׳, c. acc. sq. שָׁ֫מָּה Dt 30:1 Je 46:28; 16:15 (‖ הֶעֱלָה); sq. שָׁם Je 8:3; 24:9; 29:18 Dn 9:7 + Ez 4:13 (om. 𝔊 Co); Je 23:3 (‖ קִבֵּץ), v 8 (‖ הֶעֱלָה, הֵבִיא), 29:14 (‖ קִבֵּץ, הֵשִׁיב, so 32:37; also 27:10 (‖ הַרְחִיק), v 15 (‖ אָבַד), cf. 23:2 (Judah under fig. of flock, subj. evil shepherd, ‖ הֵפִיץ), 50:17 (Isr. as sheep, subj. enemies as lions); of driving out priests 2 Ch 13:9; invader Jo 2:20 (sq. אֶל־); wicked ψ 5:11 (‖ הַאֲשִׁימֵם); good man from his eminence ψ 62:5 (sq. מִן). e.g. Deuteronomy 30:1
- 3. thrust away, aside, from י׳ to idolatry, c. acc., Dt 13:14; sq. מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ v 6; מֵעַל י׳ v 11; מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ 2 K 17:21 Qr (Kt v. נדא); cf. 2 Ch 21:11 (‖ הִזְנָה). e.g. Deuteronomy 13:14
- 4. compel, force, subj. adulteress (by flattery), sq. acc. Pr 7:21 (‖ הִטָּה). e.g. Proverbs 7:21
Hophal
- Pt. מֻדָּח chased, hunted, צְבִי מ׳ Is 13:14, sim. of fugitive Babylonians. e.g. Isaiah 13:14
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
vb. impel, thrust, banish (especially Dt. Je. and later) (NH id., beguile, Hiph. Niph.; Aramaic נְדַח (rare) = BH; Ethiopic ነድሐ thrust; Arabic نَدَخَ is drive a ship to shore);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
נָדַח
- (b. h.) to slip, move away.
- 1. (interch. with (interch. with דחה) to be banished, exiled. Y. Snh. X, 29ᶜ top (ref. to Is. XXVII, 13) והנִידָּחִים … זו דור וכ׳ ‘those who were exiles in the land of Egypt’ means the generation of the wilderness. Midr. Till. to Ps. CXLVII, 2 שנִדְּחוּ (or שנִדְחוּ); a. e. e.g. Isaiah 27:13
- 2. to be made to slip, to be led away (to idolatry); עיר הנִדַּחַת the case of a place whose inhabitants were led astray, the condemned town (Deut. XIII, 13 to 18). Snh. X, 4 אנשי עיר הנ׳ the inhabitants of a condemned city. Tosef. ib. XIV, 1, a. e. עיר הנ׳ לא היתה וכ׳ a case of a condemned city never occurred nor ever will occur. Ib. אין עושין שלש עיירות נִידָּחוֹת וכ׳ three cities dare not be condemned (at a time) in Palestine; Yalk. Deut. 886 מְנוּדָּחוֹת (Pu.); a. fr. e.g. Deuteronomy 13:13
- to lead astray. Snh. VII, 10 המַדִּיחַ זה האומר וכ׳ a maddiaḥ (amenable to the law Deut. l. c.) is he who says, let us go and worship &c.; contrad. to מסית; ib. 67ᵃ מַדִּיחֵי עיר הנדחת שנו כאן the seducers of a condemned city are meant here. Ib. נביא שה׳ a prophet that led a town astray. Ib. X, 4 (111ᵇ) הִדִּיחוּהָ נשים if women led a town astray; היו מַדִּיחֶיהָ חוצה לה if the seducers were outsiders; עד שיַדִּיחוּהָ אנשים unless the seducers are men; a. fr.
- 1. to be led astray. Ib. ה׳ מיעוטה if a minority of the town was led astray. Tosef. ib. XIV, 3 הוּדְּחוּ עמה they were led astray along with the inhabitants; a. e.
- 2. (interch. with דָּחָה) to be banished. Yalk. Num. 739 הוּדַּחְתִּי מן האהל I have been banished from the Tabernacle.
נְדַח
- , to cause to slip. Targ. Ps. LXII, 5 (some ed. למנדע, corr. acc.).
- to be banished. Targ. Job VI, 13 אִתְנַדְּחַת Regia (ed. אתברחת; h. text נִדְּחָה).
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 48 distinct written forms H5080 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H5080, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 44 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 51 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Deuteronomy 4:19
- 2 Samuel 14:13
- 2 Kings 17:21
- 2 Chronicles 13:9
- Job 6:13
- Psalms 5:10
- Proverbs 7:21
- Isaiah 8:22
- Jeremiah 8:3
- Ezekiel 4:13
- Daniel 9:7
- Joel 2:20
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
