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אָרַר

to curse

‘to curse’ is one of 4 main senses fuller range ↓

H779 Strong's Hebrew
ʼârar Transliteration
/aw-rar'/ Pronunciation
Usage in the Hebrew Bible 63 appearances

Compare with another word →

About this entry

At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.

ארר — transliterated ʼârar — is a Hebrew verb carrying the sense “to curse.” Translators differ — “cursed” in the King James Version, then “cursed is” (Berean Standard Bible), as the renderings breakdown shows. With 52 verses in 12 books, it is a moderately common word in the Hebrew Bible. Its uses concentrate in Deuteronomy (31% of all occurrences). Read the stem: it spans 3 stems, including Niphal and Piel. See the sense tree, 52-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.

Gloss history

Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship

Strong's · 1890
[idiom] bitterly curse
Modern gloss
to curse
Strong's 1890 sometimes compressed multiple senses — or homonymous roots — under one number, and used 19th-century English phrasing that no longer carries the same connotation. The modern gloss reflects current BDB scholarship; open the Lexicon Entry tab for the full sense breakdown. Download share card

About this word

Strong's H779 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.

These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →

52
distinct verses
The word appears in 52 distinct verses.
12 / 39
OT books
The word appears in 12 of 39 Old Testament books.
Genesis 3:14
first appearance
The earliest occurrence is in Genesis 3:14.
Malachi 3:9
last appearance
The latest occurrence is in Malachi 3:9.
#611
by frequency
Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 611 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).

View all 52 occurrences in the concordance →


Most concentrated in

By section of the Old Testament

  • Pentateuch 34 · 65%
  • Historical 8 · 15%
  • Wisdom 2 · 4%
  • Prophets 8 · 15%

By traditional corpus

Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 52 distinct verses.

  • Torah (Pentateuch) 34 verses · 65%
  • Prophets (Nevi'im) 16 verses · 31%
  • Writings (Ketuvim) 2 verses · 4%

How translations render this word

Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).

  • King James Version: Cursed 33×, Causeth the curse 6×, Curse 5×
  • American Standard Version: Cursed 32×, Causeth the curse 6×, Curse 5×
  • Berean Standard Bible: Cursed is 18×, Cursed 10×, Brings a curse 5×
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text: Cursed 28×, Brings a curse 6×, Will be 6×

King James Version Public Domain

Renders H779 across 63 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Cursed” 33×
  • “Causeth the curse” 6×
  • “Curse” 5×

Plus 19 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

American Standard Version Public Domain

Renders H779 across 63 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Cursed” 32×
  • “Causeth the curse” 6×
  • “Curse” 5×
  • “Thee” 2×

Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

Berean Standard Bible Public Domain

Renders H779 across 62 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Cursed is” 18×
  • “Cursed” 10×
  • “Brings a curse” 5×
  • “Will be cursed” 4×
  • “Curse” 3×
  • “Cursed be” 3×
  • “Are cursed” 2×
  • “Be cursed” 2×
  • “Put a curse” 2×

Plus 13 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.

unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0

Renders H779 across 76 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Cursed” 28×
  • “Brings a curse” 6×
  • “Will be” 6×
  • “Curse” 5×
  • “Are cursed” 4×
  • “Be” 4×
  • “Be cursed” 2×
  • “Curse you” 2×
  • “I will curse” 2×
  • “May” 2×

Plus 15 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.


Senses in the full BDB

Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Hophal (the passive of Hiphil).

What do BDB’s symbols mean?

BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:

Symbol Meaning
𝔊 the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX)
𝔙 the Vulgate (the Latin translation)
𝔖 the Syriac version (the Peshitta)
𝔗 the Targum (the Aramaic translation)
ψ the Psalms
√ root (the underlying root or stem)
‖ parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel)
† the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited

The 3 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.

Niphal

Piel

  • Pf. 3 ms. sf. אֵרֲרָהּ curse, lay under a curse Gn 5:29 (J); Pt. הַמַּיִם הַמְאָרְרִים the curse-bringing waters Nu 5:18–27 (P 6 times waters destroying the perjured adulteress drinking them). e.g. Genesis 5:29

Hophal

Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.


Word origin

vb. curse (Assyrian arâru ZimBP 68; on relation of meanings bind & curse in Assyrian v. DlPr 101)—Qal Pf. 1 s. וְאָרוֹתִ֫י, אָרוֹתִיהָ Mal 2:2; Impf. 2 ms. תָּאֹר Ex 22:27 Nu 22:6, 12; אָאֹר Gn 12:3; Imv. אָ֫רָה־ Nu 22:6; 23:7; אוֹרוּ, אֹרוּ & Inf. abs. אָרוֹר all Ju 5:23; Pt. אֹרְרֵי Jb 3:8; אֹרְרֶיךָ Gn 27:29 Nu 24:9; אָרוּר Gn 3:14 + 36 times etc.;—curse ‖ בֵּרֵךְ bless, chiefly in poetic & legal sources of JED & later imitations: Gn 12:3; 27:29 (J) Nu 22:6, 12; 23:7; 24:9 (E) Ex 22:27 (E) Mal 2:2; אֹרוּ אָרוֹר ישְׁבֶיהָ = curse for ever her inhabitants Ju 5:23; אֹרְרֵי יוֹם cursers of the day (magicians whose imprecations made days unlucky) Jb 3:8. Pt. pass. אָרוּר, chiefly as exclamation, ‖ בָּרוּךְ Gn 3:14, 17; 4:11; 9:25; 27:29; 49:7 Nu 24:9 (E, poet.) Dt 27:15–26 Ju 21:18 1 S 14:24, 28; 26:19 Je 11:3; 17:5; 20:14, 15; 48:10(×2) Mal 1:14; אֲרוּרִים הַשֹּׁגִים מִמִּצְוֹתֶיךָ cursed be those who wander from thy commands ψ 119:21 (𝔊 𝔖 Jer De Ri), הָאֲרוּרָה הַזֹּאת this cursed woman 2 K 9:34.

— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.

Origin: a primitive root

Part of speech: Verb TWOT: 168


Jastrow Dictionary

A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.

אָרַר

  • 1. to dig, stab; v. אֲרָרָן.
  • 2. to point out for execration, [or to set outside]; (cmp. חרם a. נקב, a. also ברך); to curse.—Part. pass. אָרוּר, f. אֲרוּרָה, pl. אֲרוּרִים &c. Shebu. 36ᵃ; a. fr.—*Y. Sot. II, 18ᵃ top מֵי יכול מראה מים ת"ל ארד (read אָרַר) you might infer from the word mé (Num. V, 18) that it must have the color of water, therefore the root arar is used in connection therewith (i.e. water in which the curse written with ink has been washed off and is recognizable in the mixture); אי ארד וכ׳ (read ארר) from arar again you might infer that the drink must have the color of ink, therefore we read mé, which means the color of water and the color of ink (a colored thin fluid); cmp. Bab. Sot. 16ᵇ (where the same argument is used with reference to blood).—Part. pass. f. אֲרוּרָה cacophem. for idol. Ab. Zar. 51ᵃ לא׳ זו מיבעיא Ms. M. (ed. לע"ז) so much the more for that cursed (idol). e.g. Numbers 5:18
    • to curse. Gen. R. s. 36, end מְאָרֵר. Cant. R. to IV, 11 שאֵרְרָהּ וכ׳ which Joshuah had cursed. Pesik. R. s. 26 שאֵירְרוּ; a. fr.
    • to be cursed. Num. R. s. 14 לא נֶאֶרְרוּ וכ׳ they were not cursed before seventy verses were completed (Gen. I, 1 to III, 14; Esth. III, 1 to VII, 10). Y. Sot. IX, 24ᵇ bot.; Tosef. ib. XV, 2 נִתְאָרְרוּ. e.g. Genesis 1:1

אֲרַר

  • Targ. II Kings IX, 34 אֲרוּרְתָּא the cursed.—אֲרוּרַיָּיא, אֲרוּרֵי m. pl. Arurs, the Bible chapters containing the word arur (Lev. XXVI, 14—46; Deut. XXVIII, 15—69); [Hebr. תוכחות or קללות]. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵇ bot.—Meg. 31ᵇ קא מגמגם … בא׳ read the arurs in an undertone. Koh. R. to VIII, 3. e.g. Leviticus 26:14

A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.


Forms in the corpus

The 38 distinct written forms H779 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.

Form Parsing Example Uses
אָר֕וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Deuteronomy 27:16 7
אָר֣וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Deuteronomy 27:15 7
אָר֗וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Deuteronomy 27:19 5
אָר֥וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Deuteronomy 28:16 5
אָר֤וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Genesis 3:14 3
אָֽרָ/ה Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Numbers 22:6 2
הַֽ/מְאָרֲרִ֖ים Verb, Piel, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Numbers 5:19 2
וְ/אָר֥וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Deuteronomy 28:16 2
א֣וֹרוּ Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural Judges 5:23 1
אֲרוּרִ֑ים Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Psalms 119:21 1
אֲרוּרִ֣ים Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Joshua 9:23 1
אֲרוּרִ֥ים Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Plural, Absolute 1 Samuel 26:19 1
אֲרוּרָ֤ה Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Feminine, Singular, Absolute Genesis 3:17 1
אָאֹ֑ר Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 1st Person, Common, Singular Genesis 12:3 1
אָר֔וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Genesis 27:29 1
אָר֖וֹר Verb, Qal, Infinitive Absolute Judges 5:23 1
אָר֨וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Joshua 6:26 1
אָרֽוּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Numbers 24:9 1
אָרוֹתִ֔י/הָ Verb, Qal, Perfect, 1st Person, Common, Singular Malachi 2:2 1
אָרוּר֙ Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Deuteronomy 27:25 1
אֹ֥רוּ Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural Judges 5:23 1
אֹרְרֵי Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Construct Job 3:8 1
אֹרְרֶ֣י/ךָ Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Construct Genesis 27:29 1
אֵֽרְרָ֖/הּ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Genesis 5:29 1
הַ/מְאָֽרֲרִ֑ים Verb, Piel, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Numbers 5:24 1
הַ/מְאָֽרֲרִֽים Verb, Piel, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Numbers 5:18 1
הַ/מְאָרְרִ֤ים Verb, Piel, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Numbers 5:22 1
הַ/מְאָֽרֲרִים֙ Verb, Piel, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Numbers 5:27 1
הָ/אֲרוּרָ֤ה Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 2 Kings 9:34 1
וְ/אָר֕וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Jeremiah 48:10 1
וְ/אָר֣וּר Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Malachi 1:14 1
וְ/אָרוֹתִ֖י Verb, Qal, Sequential Perfect, 1st Person, Common, Singular Malachi 2:2 1
וְ/אֹרְרֶ֖י/ךָ Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Construct Numbers 24:9 1
יוּאָֽר Verb, Hophal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Numbers 22:6 1
נֵֽאָרִ֔ים Verb, Niphal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Malachi 3:9 1
תָאֹֽר Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Exodus 22:28 1
תָאֹר֙ Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Numbers 22:12 1
תָּאֹ֖ר Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Numbers 22:6 1

Same root — word family

Other BDB entries built from the same root as H779, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.

Derived from this word

Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.


Septuagint verse parallels

This word appears in 51 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 52 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.

Read these verses in the Septuagint

This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.

Reading settings

Reading text

Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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