Deuteronomy 28:19

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Cursed shall you be when you come in, and cursed shall you be when you go out.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Word by word

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אָר֥וּר

ʼârar

H779

“cursed”

Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute

Appears 63× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 3:14

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 168

to curse - (Qal) - to curse - cursed be he (participle used pr in curses) - (Niphal) to be cursed, cursed - (Piel) to curse, lay under a curse, put a curse on - (Hophal) to be made a curse, be cursed

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

6: words
4: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Grammatical profile

4 verbs
2 pronouns

Verb forms

אָר֥וּר Qal · Participle Passive
בְּבֹאֶ֑ךָ Qal · Infinitive Construct
וְאָר֥וּר Qal · Participle Passive
בְּצֵאתֶֽךָ Qal · Infinitive Construct

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

אָר֥וּר to curse H779 ×2
אַתָּ֖ה you H859 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 17 words from the Hebrew and 17 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Deuteronomy 28:19 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Deuteronomy 28:6 Blessed shall you be when you come in, and blessed shall you be when you go out.
Judges 5:6–7 In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, In the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied, The travelers walked through byways.
2 Chronicles 15:5 In those times there was no peace to him who went out, nor to him who came in; but great vexations were on all the inhabitants of the lands.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Deuteronomy 28:19 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

אָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בְּבֹאֶ֑ךָ וְאָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בְּצֵאתֶֽךָ

Cursed shall you be when you come in, and cursed shall you be when you go out.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Deuteronomy 28:19 Septuagint · lemma form

ἐπικατάρατος σύ ἐν ὁ ἐκπορεύομαι σύ καί ἐπικατάρατος σύ ἐν ὁ εἰςπορεύομαι σύ

Cursed shall you be in your coming in, and cursed shall you be in your going out.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

לִיט אַתְּ בְּמֵעֲלָךְ וְלִיט אַתְּ בְּמִפְּקָךְ

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

לִיטִין אַתּוּן בְּמַעַלְכוֹן לְבָתֵּי קִיאַטְרוֹנֵיכוֹן וְקוֹרְקִיסַתְכוֹן לְמִבַטְלָא פִּתְגָמֵי אוֹרַיְיתָא וְלִיטִין אַתּוּן בְּמִיפַּקְכוֹן לִפְרַגְמַטְיֵיכוֹן

Accursed shall you be in your going into the houses of your theatres, and the places of your public shows, to make void the words of the law; and accursed shall you be in your coming out to your worldly affairs.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Deuteronomy 28:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Deu 28:19 Cursed [shalt] thou [be] when thou comest in, and cursed [shalt] thou [be] when thou goest out.

Ver. 19. {See Trapp on "Deu 28:15"}

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

The Lord shall smite thee with a consumption,.... An emaciation of their bodies, either through famine or wasting diseases, whereby the fluids are washed off, and men are reduced to skin and bones:

and with a fever; a hot burning disease, which dries up the radical moisture, consumes it, and so threatens with death; of which there are various sorts, and some very pestilential and mortal Jarchi and Aben Ezra interpret it of a fire in the face, by which they seem to mean what is called St. Anthony's fire:

and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning; either in the inward parts, as an inflammation of the lungs; or in the outward parts, as carbuncles, burning ulcers, and the like:

and with the sword; in the margin it is, "with drought"; so Aben Ezra interprets the word, which seems better to suit with what it is in company with; and designs either drought in human bodies, occasioned by fevers, inflammations, and extreme burnings; or in the earth, through the force of the sun, and want of rain, which render the earth barren and unfruitful, and so cause a famine:

and with blasting and with mildew; whereby the corn that is sown, and springs up, comes to nothing, being blasted by east winds, or turns pale and yellow by the mildew, and so withers away; the consequence of which is want of food, and so destruction and ruin; see Amo 4:9,

and they shall pursue thee until thou perish; follow hard after them, and come so close one after another upon them, until they are utterly destroyed.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Deuteronomy, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 6 words (4 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼârar (“to curse”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “to curse” (ʼârar) shape what this verse is saying?
How does Deuteronomy 28:6, which shares this passage’s theme, read alongside this verse?
What does the repetition of “to curse” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
«אָר֥וּר» is a Qal Participle Passive verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and John Gill's Exposition read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 9 words in this verse.
“to curse” occurs 2× in this single verse.
4 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 6 words in this verse.