σκία
shadow
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Case
- Dative
- The case of the indirect object, means, or location — “to / for / with / in.”
- Accusative
- The case of the direct object and of extent.
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where G4639 appears in the Book of Luke — 1 distinct verse. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
Luke
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, σκια (skiá) means “shadow.” Scripture first uses it in Matthew 4:16. It appears 7 verses across 6 books of the Greek New Testament, among its uncommon vocabulary. The word gravitates to Hebrews (29%), then Matthew and Mark. It clusters with σκοτος under a shared root. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G4639 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 7
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 7 distinct verses.
- 6 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 6 of 27 New Testament books.
- #1,358
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Greek words (rank 1,358 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 7 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the New Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 7 distinct verses.
- Gospels 3 verses · 43%
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 2 verses · 29%
- Hebrews 2 verses · 29%
- Pauline corpus 1 verse · 14%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Shadow 7×
- American Standard Version: Shadow 7×
- Berean Standard Bible: Shadow 5×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Shadow 7×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G4639 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G4639 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G4639 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G4639 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Senses in Thayer's
The 1 sense Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- shadow
Word origin
Origin: apparently a primary word
Apparently a primary word; shade or a shadow (literally or figuratively [darkness of error or an adumbration ]): - shadow.
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Forms in the corpus
The 4 distinct written forms G4639 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that case’s occurrences in the concordance.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| σκιᾷ skiâ | Noun, Dative, Singular, Feminine | Matthew 4:16 | 3 |
| σκιὰ skià | Noun, Nominative, Singular, Feminine | Acts 5:15 | 2 |
| Σκιὰν Skiàn | Noun, Accusative, Singular, Feminine | Hebrews 10:1 | 1 |
| σκιὰν skiàn | Noun, Accusative, Singular, Feminine | Mark 4:32 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G4639, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word σκια appears 47 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 43 verses in 13 books.
- 47
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 43
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 13 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 13 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Judges 9:15 σκιά
- 2 Kings 20:9 σκιά
- 1 Chronicles 29:15 σκιά
- Job 3:5 σκιά
- Psalms 22:4 σκιά
- Ecclesiastes 6:12 σκιά
- Song of Solomon 2:3 σκιά
- Isaiah 4:6 σκιά
- Jeremiah 6:4 σκιά
- Lamentations 4:20 σκιά
- Ezekiel 17:23 σκιά
- Amos 5:8 σκιά
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G4639) appears in the Greek Septuagint. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Judges 9:15 σκιά The bramble said to the trees, If in truth you anoint me king over you, then come and take refuge in my shade; and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon.
- Judges 9:36 σκιά When Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the tops of the mountains. Zebul said to him, You see the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.
- 2 Kings 20:9 σκιά Isaiah said, This shall be the sign to you from Yahweh, that Yahweh will do the thing that he has spoken: shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps?
- 2 Kings 20:10 σκιά Hezekiah answered, It is a light thing for the shadow to decline ten steps: nay, but let the shadow return backward ten steps.
- 2 Kings 20:11 σκιά Isaiah the prophet cried to Yahweh; and he brought the shadow ten steps backward, by which it had gone down on the dial of Ahaz.
- 1 Chronicles 29:15 σκιά For we are strangers before you, and foreigners, as all our fathers were: our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is no abiding.
- Job 3:5 σκιά Let darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own. Let a cloud dwell on it. Let all that makes black the day terrify it.
- Job 7:2 σκιά As a servant who earnestly desires the shadow, As a hireling who looks for his wages,
- Job 8:9 σκιά (For we are but of yesterday, and know nothing, Because our days on earth are a shadow.)
- Job 12:22 σκιά He uncovers deep things out of darkness, And brings out to light the shadow of death.
- Job 14:2 σκιά He comes forth like a flower, and is cut down. He also flees like a shadow, and doesn't continue.
- Job 15:29 σκιά He shall not be rich, neither shall his substance continue, Neither shall their possessions be extended on the earth.
- Job 16:16 σκιά My face is red with weeping. Deep darkness is on my eyelids.
- Job 24:17 σκιά For the morning is to all of them like thick darkness, For they know the terrors of the thick darkness.
- Job 28:3 σκιά Man sets an end to darkness, And searches out, to the furthest bound, The stones of obscurity and of thick darkness.
- Psalms 22:4 σκιά Our fathers trusted in you. They trusted, and you delivered them.
- Psalms 43:20 σκιά
- Psalms 56:2 σκιά My enemies want to swallow me up all day long, For they are many who fight proudly against me.
- Psalms 79:11 σκιά Let the sighing of the prisoner come before you. According to the greatness of your power, preserve those who are sentenced to death;
- Psalms 87:7 σκιά Those who sing as well as those who dance say, "All my springs are in you."
- Psalms 101:12 σκιά
- Psalms 106:10 σκιά He saved them from the hand of him who hated them, And redeemed them from the hand of the enemy.
- Psalms 106:14 σκιά But gave in to craving in the desert, And tested God in the wasteland.
- Psalms 108:23 σκιά
- Psalms 143:4 σκιά Therefore my spirit is overwhelmed within me. My heart within me is desolate.
- Ecclesiastes 6:12 σκιά For who knows what is good for man in life, all the days of his vain life which he spends like a shadow? For who can tell a man what will be after him under the sun?
- Ecclesiastes 7:12 σκιά For wisdom is a defense, even as money is a defense; but the excellency of knowledge is that wisdom preserves the life of him who has it.
- Ecclesiastes 8:13 σκιά But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he lengthen days like a shadow; because he doesn't fear God.
- Song of Solomon 2:3 σκιά As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, So is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, His fruit was sweet to my taste.
- Song of Solomon 2:17 σκιά Until the day is cool, and the shadows flee away, Turn, my beloved, And be like a roe or a young hart on the mountains of Bether.
- Song of Solomon 4:6 σκιά Until the day is cool, and the shadows flee away, I will go to the mountain of myrrh, To the hill of frankincense.
- Isaiah 4:6 σκιά There will be a pavilion for a shade in the daytime from the heat, and for a refuge and for a shelter from storm and from rain.
- Isaiah 9:1 σκιά But there shall be no gloom to her who was in anguish. In the former time he brought into contempt the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali; but in the latter time has he made it glorious, by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations.
- Isaiah 38:8 σκιά behold, I will cause the shadow on the steps, which is gone down on the dial of Ahaz with the sun, to return backward ten steps. So the sun returned ten steps on the dial whereon it was gone down.
- Isaiah 51:16 σκιά I have put my words in your mouth, and have covered you in the shadow of my hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and tell Zion, You are my people.
- Jeremiah 6:4 σκιά Prepare you war against her; arise, and let us go up at noon. Woe to us! for the day declines, for the shadows of the evening are stretched out.
- Jeremiah 13:16 σκιά Give glory to Yahweh your God, before he cause darkness, and before your feet stumble on the dark mountains, and, while you look for light, he turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.
- Lamentations 4:20 σκιά The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of Yahweh, was taken in their pits; Of whom we said, Under his shadow we shall live among the nations.
- Ezekiel 17:23 σκιά in the mountain of the height of Israel will I plant it; and it shall bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all birds of every wing; in the shade of the branches of it shall they dwell.
- Ezekiel 31:6 σκιά All the birds of the sky made their nests in its boughs; and under its branches did all the animals of the field bring forth their young; and under its shadow lived all great nations.
- Amos 5:8 σκιά Seek him who made the Pleiades and Orion, And turns the shadow of death into the morning, And makes the day dark with night; Who calls for the waters of the sea, And pours them out on the surface of the earth, Yahweh is his name,
- Jonah 4:5 σκιά Then Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made himself a booth, and sat under it in the shade, until he might see what would become of the city.
- Jonah 4:6 σκιά Yahweh God prepared a vine, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his discomfort. So Jonah was exceedingly glad because of the vine.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G4639) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.