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מָאֵן

to refuse

H3985 Strong's Hebrew
mâʼên Transliteration
/maw-ane'/ Pronunciation
Usage in the Hebrew Bible 41 appearances

Compare with another word →

About this entry

At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.

“to refuse” is the headline sense of the Hebrew verb מאן (mâʼên). First canonically at Genesis 37:35, it enters the text early. The Hebrew Bible uses it across 39 verses — moderately common. It shares a root with מאן and מאן. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.

Gloss history

Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship

Strong's · 1890
refuse
Modern gloss
to refuse
Strong's 1890 agrees
Strong's 1890 and current BDB scholarship align on this entry's primary sense — a good signal that the gloss above is unambiguous and stable. Download share card

About this word

Strong's H3985 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.

These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →

39
distinct verses
The word appears in 39 distinct verses.
17 / 39
OT books
The word appears in 17 of 39 Old Testament books.
Genesis 37:35
first appearance
The earliest occurrence is in Genesis 37:35.
Zechariah 7:11
last appearance
The latest occurrence is in Zechariah 7:11.
#891
by frequency
Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 891 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).

View all 39 occurrences in the concordance →


Most concentrated in

By section of the Old Testament

  • Pentateuch 12 · 31%
  • Historical 9 · 23%
  • Wisdom 6 · 15%
  • Prophets 12 · 31%

By traditional corpus

Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 39 distinct verses.

  • Prophets (Nevi'im) 19 verses · 49%
  • Torah (Pentateuch) 12 verses · 31%
  • Writings (Ketuvim) 8 verses · 21%

How translations render this word

Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).

BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.

  • King James Version: Refused 11×, He refused 6×, Refuseth 4×
  • American Standard Version: Refused 7×, Refuseth 4×, He refused 3×
  • Berean Standard Bible: Refused 11×, He refused 4×, They refuse 4×
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text: Refused 8×, He refused 7×, They refuse 5×

King James Version Public Domain

Renders H3985 across 41 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Refused” 11×
  • “He refused” 6×
  • “Refuseth” 4×
  • “They refuse” 3×
  • “They refused” 3×
  • “Refuse” 2×
  • “They have refused” 2×

Plus 10 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

American Standard Version Public Domain

Renders H3985 across 41 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Refused” 7×
  • “Refuseth” 4×
  • “He refused” 3×
  • “They refuse” 3×
  • “Him” 2×
  • “They refused” 2×

Plus 20 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

Berean Standard Bible Public Domain

Renders H3985 across 40 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Refused” 11×
  • “He refused” 4×
  • “They refuse” 4×
  • “They refused” 4×
  • “Refusing” 3×
  • “Refuses” 2×
  • “Will you refuse” 2×

Plus 10 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.

unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0

Renders H3985 across 44 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Refused” 8×
  • “He refused” 7×
  • “They refuse” 5×
  • “But” 4×
  • “They refused” 4×
  • “Has refused” 2×
  • “Refuse” 2×
  • “Refuses” 2×
  • “Will you refuse” 2×
  • “You have refused” 2×
  • “You refuse” 2×

Plus 4 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.


Senses in the full BDB

What do BDB’s symbols mean?

BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:

Symbol Meaning
𝔊 the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX)
𝔙 the Vulgate (the Latin translation)
𝔖 the Syriac version (the Peshitta)
𝔗 the Targum (the Aramaic translation)
ψ the Psalms
√ root (the underlying root or stem)
‖ parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel)
† the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited

The 1 sense the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.

מאן I Pi. refuse (Qal perhaps be distasteful, cf. Syriac ܡܶܐܢ taeduit, piguit, Aph. be slothful

Piel

  • Pf. מֵאֵן Ex 7:14 + 4 times; fs. מֵאֲנָה Je 15:18 + 3 times; מֵאַנְתָּ Ex 10:3, etc.; Impf. יְמָאֵן Ex 22:16; וַיְמָאֵן Gn 37:35 + 8 times etc.; Inf. abs. מָאֵן Ex 22:16;—refuse, (sq. ל with inf. except 6 times) human subj. Gn 37:35 (J), Je 31:15; Ex 22:16(×2) Nu 20:21; 22:14 (all E), Dt 25:7; 1 S 8:19; 2 S 2:23; 13:9; 1 K 20:35; 21:15 Est 1:12; Je 50:33 cf. Jb 6:7 ψ 77:3 Pr 21:25 Je 15:18; without Inf. וַיְמָאֵן וַיֹּאמֶר Gn 39:8; 48:19 (both J), 1 S 28:23; also 2 K 5:16; especially of refusing to obey י׳’s commands Ex 4:23; 7:14; 10:3; 16:28 (all J), Ne 9:17; also ψ 78:10 Pr 21:7; Ho 11:5, v. especially Je 3:3; 5:3(×2); 8:5; 9:5; 11:10 cf. 25:28, Zc 7:11; without Inf. = be recusant Pr 1:24; Is 1:20; once subj. י׳ Nu 22:13 (E). e.g. Exodus 7:14

מאן II verb. refusing, sq. Inf., and always of disobeying י׳

Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.


Word origin

I. vb. Pi. refuse (Qal perhaps be distasteful, cf. Syriac ܡܶܐܢ taeduit, piguit, Aph. be slothful; NH Pi., as term. techn. of girl, refuse to acknowledge marriage contract; poss. akin to Ethiopic መነነ reject; Arabic مَأَنَ is sustain, maintain);—

II. adj.verb. refusing, sq. Inf., and always of disobeying י׳; Ex 7:27; 9:2; 10:4 (all J), Je 38:21.

— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.

Origin: a primitive root

Part of speech: Verb TWOT: 1138


Jastrow Dictionary

A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.

מַאן

  • (cmp. מָא) who?, what?, which?; (relat.) who, which. [Targ. מַן.] Sabb. 57ᵃ, a. fr. מ׳ דכר וכ׳, v. דְּכַר I. Yeb. 107ᵇ מ׳ לא הודו לו who is meant by ‘they did not agree with him’? Ib., a. fr. מ׳ תנא who is the authority for the law just quoted?, i.e. whose opinion is here represented?—Ḥull. 50ᵃ אמר מ׳ דהו somebody said; Bets. 27ᵃ; M. Kat. 22ᵃ; (Nidd. 48ᵃ ר׳ זירא). Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ פוק חזי מ׳ בעי וכ׳ go out and see who it is that wants thee outside (an intimation of a teacher’s displeasure); Gen. R. s. 33 (some ed. מַן). Ber. 30ᵇ; Ḥull. 7ᵃ חזי מ׳ גברא וכ׳ see how great a man gives testimony about him. Y. Maas. Sh. II, 53ᵇ bot. מ׳ דאמר וכ׳ according to him who says &c.; a. v. fr.—V. מַן.

מָאַן

  • , Pi. מֵיאֵן, מֵאֵן (b. h.; v. אֵין) to deny, refuse, esp.
  • 1. (of a woman betrothed in childhood, on arriving at majority) to protest against, to annul one’s marriage. Yeb. XIII, 1 אין מְמָאֲנִין אלא ארוסות only betrothed (not married) women may have their obligation cancelled. Ib. מְמָאֶנֶת והיא קטנה וכ׳ she may protest (have her marriage cancelled) even while yet a minor, and even four or five times in succession. Ib. 2 איזו … שצריכה למָאֵן what minor is bound to make declaration (before leaving her husband)?—Ib. 4 הממאנת באיש וכ׳ if a woman refuses her husband by declaration, he is permitted to marry her kindred (who otherwise would be forbidden to him); a. v. fr.
  • 2. to advise a protest. Eduy. VI, 1 שמְמָאֲנִים וכ׳ that the court eventually advises women married as minors to protest; Nidd. 8ᵃ; Ber. 27ᵃ.—V. מִיאוּן.

מָאן

  • (v. preced.) [thing,]
  • 1. vessel, utensil. Targ. Ps. II, 9. Targ. Lev. XI, 33; a. fr. (interch. with מָן, מַן).—B. Kam. 17ᵇ מ׳ תבירא תבר it was a broken vessel he broke. Ib. בתר תבר מ׳ אזלינן we judge by the final cause by which the vessel was broken; a. v. fr.—Pl. מָאנִין, מָאנַיָּא, מָאנֵי, מָנ׳. Targ. Ex. XI, 2; a. fr.—Sabb. 105ᵇ תבר מ׳ תבירי broke broken vessels (pretending to be angry); a. fr.
  • 2. (cmp. כֶּלִי) garment, dress. Ib. 113ᵇ; Snh. 94ᵃ קרי למָאנֵיה וכ׳ called his dress (garments) &c., v. כָּבֵד I; B. Kam. 91ᵇ למאני (corr. acc.; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.).—B. Mets. 47ᵃ במ׳ דכשר למקני ביה (symbolical possession has been given) by means of a garment fit for the purpose; a. fr.—Pl. as ab. Ber. 6ᵃ. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ top; Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ top מָאנוֹי, v. בְּזַע; a. fr.
  • 3. (= h. קַנְקַן) [handle,] coulter of the plough. B. Mets. 80ᵃ

A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.


Forms in the corpus

The 31 distinct written forms H3985 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.

Form Parsing Example Uses
מֵאֲנ֖וּ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural Hosea 11:5 6
וַ/יְמָאֲנ֣וּ Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural 1 Samuel 8:19 3
וַ/יְמָאֵ֣ן Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Genesis 48:19 3
מֵאֲנ֥וּ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural Jeremiah 9:6 2
וַ/יְמָאֵ֓ן Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Genesis 39:8 1
וַ/יְמָאֵ֖ן Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 2 Samuel 13:9 1
וַ/יְמָאֵ֗ן Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 1 Samuel 28:23 1
וַ/יְמָאֵ֥ן Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 1 Kings 20:35 1
וַ/יְמָאֵֽן Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 2 Kings 5:16 1
וַ/יְמָאֵן֙ Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Genesis 37:35 1
וַ/תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural Proverbs 1:24 1
וַ/תְּמָאֵ֖ן Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Exodus 4:23 1
וַ/תְּמָאֵ֞ן Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Esther 1:12 1
יְמָאֲנ֛וּ Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural Jeremiah 25:28 1
יְמָאֵ֛ן Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Exodus 22:17 1
מֵ֝אֲנ֗וּ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural Proverbs 21:7 1
מֵֽאֲנָה֙ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Jeremiah 15:18 1
מֵֽאֲנוּ֙ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural Jeremiah 11:10 1
מֵֽאַנְתֶּ֔ם Verb, Piel, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural Exodus 16:28 1
מֵאֲנָ֖ה Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Psalms 77:2 1
מֵאֲנָ֛ה Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Jeremiah 31:15 1
מֵאֲנָ֣ה Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Job 6:7 1
מֵאֵ֖ן Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Exodus 7:14 1
מֵאֵ֣ן Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Numbers 22:13 1
מֵאֵ֥ן Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Numbers 22:14 1
מֵאֵ֨ין Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Deuteronomy 25:7 1
מֵאֵן֙ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 1 Kings 21:15 1
מֵאַ֔נְתָּ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Exodus 10:3 1
מֵאַ֖נְתְּ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 2nd Person, Feminine, Singular Jeremiah 3:3 1
מָאֵ֧ן Verb, Piel, Infinitive Absolute Exodus 22:17 1
תְּמָאֲנ֖וּ Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural Isaiah 1:20 1

Same root — word family

Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3985, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.

Derived from this word

Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.


Septuagint verse parallels

This word appears in 35 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 39 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.

Read these verses in the Septuagint

This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.

Reading settings

Reading text

Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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