πένης
poor
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Case
- Dative
- The case of the indirect object, means, or location — “to / for / with / in.”
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one.
Every verse where G3993 appears — 1 distinct verse across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
2 Corinthians 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“poor” is the headline sense of the Greek adjective πενης (pénēs). The Greek New Testament uses it only 1 verse. It clusters heavily in 2 Corinthians, which alone accounts for 100% of its uses. It occurs only once, in 2 Corinthians 9:9. From the same root come πειναω, πενιχρος and πονος. See the sense tree, 1-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G3993 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 1
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 1 distinct verse.
- 1 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 1 of 27 New Testament books.
- #3,503
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Greek words (rank 3,503 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 1 occurrence in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- 2 Corinthians 1 verse 100%
By section of the New Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 1 distinct verse.
- Pauline corpus 1 verse · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Poor 1×
- American Standard Version: Poor 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Poor 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Poor 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G3993 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G3993 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G3993 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G3993 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Senses in Thayer's
The 1 sense Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- poor
Word origin
Origin: from a primary peno (to toil for daily subsistence)
From a primary peno (to toil for daily subsistence); starving that is indigent : - poor. Compare G4434 .
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G3993, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word πενης appears 70 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 68 verses in 13 books.
- 70
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 68
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 13 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 13 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Exodus 23:3 πένης
- Deuteronomy 15:11 πένης
- 1 Samuel 2:8 πένης
- 2 Samuel 12:1 πένης
- Job 34:28 πένης
- Psalms 9:10 πένης
- Proverbs 14:21 πένης
- Ecclesiastes 4:13 πένης
- Isaiah 10:2 πένης
- Jeremiah 20:13 πένης
- Ezekiel 16:49 πένης
- Amos 2:6 πένης
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G3993) appears in the Greek Septuagint — showing the first 50 of 68. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Exodus 23:3 πένης neither shall you favor a poor man in his cause.
- Exodus 23:6 πένης "You shall not deny justice to your poor people in their lawsuits.
- Deuteronomy 15:11 πένης For the poor will never cease out of the land: therefore I command you, saying, You shall surely open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor, in your land.
- Deuteronomy 24:14 πένης You shall not oppress a hired servant who is poor and needy, whether he be of your brothers, or of your foreigners who are in your land within your gates:
- Deuteronomy 24:15 πένης in his day you shall give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down on it; for he is poor, and sets his heart on it: lest he cry against you to Yahweh, and it be sin to you.
- 1 Samuel 2:8 πένης He raises up the poor out of the dust, He lifts up the needy from the dunghill, To make them sit with princes, Inherit the throne of glory: For the pillars of the earth are Yahweh's, He has set the world on them.
- 2 Samuel 12:1 πένης Yahweh sent Nathan to David. He came to him, and said to him, "There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.
- 2 Samuel 12:3 πένης but the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and raised. It grew up together with him, and with his children. It ate of his own food, drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was to him like a daughter.
- 2 Samuel 12:4 πένης A traveler came to the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man who had come to him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man who had come to him."
- Job 34:28 πένης So that they caused the cry of the poor to come to him, He heard the cry of the afflicted.
- Psalms 9:10 πένης Those who know your name will put their trust in you, For you, Yahweh, have not forsaken those who seek you.
- Psalms 9:13 πένης Have mercy on me, Yahweh. See my affliction by those who hate me, And lift me up from the gates of death;
- Psalms 9:19 πένης Arise, Yahweh! Don't let man prevail. Let the nations be judged in your sight.
- Psalms 9:29 πένης
- Psalms 9:31 πένης
- Psalms 9:33 πένης
- Psalms 9:38 πένης
- Psalms 10:4 πένης The wicked, in the pride of his face, Has no room in his thoughts for God.
- Psalms 11:6 πένης On the wicked he will rain blazing coals; Fire, sulfur, and scorching wind shall be the portion of their cup.
- Psalms 21:27 πένης
- Psalms 34:10 πένης The young lions do lack, and suffer hunger, But those who seek Yahweh shall not lack any good thing.
- Psalms 36:14 πένης
- Psalms 39:18 πένης
- Psalms 40:2 πένης He brought me up also out of a horrible pit, Out of the miry clay. He set my feet on a rock, And gave me a firm place to stand.
- Psalms 48:3 πένης God has shown himself in her citadels as a refuge.
- Psalms 68:34 πένης Ascribe strength to God! His excellency is over Israel, His strength is in the skies.
- Psalms 69:6 πένης Don't let those who wait for you be shamed through me, Lord Yahweh of Hosts. Don't let those who seek you be brought to dishonor through me, God of Israel.
- Psalms 71:4 πένης Rescue me, my God, from the hand of the wicked, From the hand of the unrighteous and cruel man.
- Psalms 71:12 πένης God, don't be far from me. My God, hurry to help me.
- Psalms 71:13 πένης Let my accusers be disappointed and consumed. Let them be covered with disgrace and scorn who want to harm me.
- Psalms 73:19 πένης How they are suddenly destroyed! They are completely swept away with terrors.
- Psalms 73:21 πένης For my soul was grieved. I was embittered in my heart.
- Psalms 81:3 πένης Blow the trumpet at the New Moon, At the full moon, on our feast day.
- Psalms 81:4 πένης For it is a statute for Israel, An ordinance of the God of Jacob.
- Psalms 85:1 πένης Yahweh, you have been favorable to your land. You have restored the fortunes of Jacob.
- Psalms 106:41 πένης He gave them into the hand of the nations. Those who hated them ruled over them.
- Psalms 108:16 πένης
- Psalms 108:22 πένης
- Psalms 108:31 πένης
- Psalms 111:9 πένης He has sent redemption to his people. He has ordained his covenant forever. His name is holy and awesome!
- Psalms 112:7 πένης He will not be afraid of evil news. His heart is steadfast, trusting in Yahweh.
- Psalms 139:13 πένης For you formed my inmost being. You knit me together in my mother's womb.
- Proverbs 14:21 πένης He who despises his neighbor sins, But blessed is he who has pity on the poor.
- Proverbs 14:31 πένης He who oppresses the poor shows contempt for his Maker, But he who is kind to the needy honors him.
- Proverbs 22:16 πένης Whoever oppresses the poor for his own increase and whoever gives to the rich, Both come to poverty.
- Proverbs 22:22 πένης Don't exploit the poor, because he is poor; And don't crush the needy in court;
- Proverbs 23:4 πένης Don't weary yourself to be rich. In your wisdom, show restraint.
- Proverbs 28:11 πένης The rich man is wise in his own eyes; But the poor who has understanding sees through him.
- Proverbs 30:14 πένης There is a generation whose teeth are like swords, And their jaws like knives, To devour the poor from the earth, and the needy from among men.
- Proverbs 31:9 πένης Open your mouth, judge righteously, And serve justice to the poor and needy."
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G3993) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.
