Psalms 106:41

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

He gave them into the hand of the nations. Those who hated them ruled over them.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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וַֽיִּמְשְׁל֥וּ

mâshal

H4910

“and · to rule”

Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural

Appears 82× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 1:18

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 1259

to rule, have dominion, reign - (Qal) to rule, have dominion - (Hiphil) - to cause to rule - to exercise dominion

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

6: words
5: distinct lemmas
Wisdom: section

Grammatical profile

3 verbs
2 nouns
1 preposition

Verb forms

וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם Qal · Sequential Imperfect
וַֽיִּמְשְׁל֥וּ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
שֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם Qal · Participle Active

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 16 words from the Hebrew and 18 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Psalms 106:41 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Judges 2:14 The anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers who despoiled them; and he sold them into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies.
Nehemiah 9:27–38 Therefore you delivered them into the hand of their adversaries, who distressed them: and in the time of their trouble, when they cried to you, you heard from heaven; and according to your manifold mercies you gave them saviors who saved them out of the hand of their adversaries.
Judges 3:8 Therefore the anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Cushan Rishathaim king of Mesopotamia: and the children of Israel served Cushan Rishathaim eight years.
Judges 3:12 The children of Israel again did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh: and Yahweh strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel, because they had done that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh.
Judges 4:1–2 The children of Israel again did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, when Ehud was dead.
Deuteronomy 28:25 Yahweh will cause you to be struck before your enemies; you shall go out one way against them, and shall flee seven ways before them: and you shall be tossed back and forth among all the kingdoms of the earth.
Deuteronomy 28:29 and you shall grope at noonday, as the blind gropes in darkness, and you shall not prosper in your ways: and you shall be only oppressed and robbed always, and there shall be none to save you.
Deuteronomy 28:33 The fruit of your ground, and all your labors, shall a nation which you don't know eat up; and you shall be only oppressed and crushed always;

Deuteronomy 28:48 therefore shall you serve your enemies whom Yahweh shall send against you, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron on your neck, until he have destroyed you.
Deuteronomy 32:30 How should one chase a thousand, Two put ten thousand to flight, Except their Rock had sold them, Yahweh had delivered them up?
Judges 6:1–6 The children of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh: and Yahweh delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.
Judges 10:7–18 The anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of the Philistines, and into the hand of the children of Ammon.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

You’re reading Greek Psalm 105 (Hebrew Psalm 106). The Septuagint counts the superscription, so verse numbers can differ from the Hebrew — chapter-level alignment, not verse-by-verse. Numbering follows Rahlfs.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Psalms 106:41 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם בְּיַד גּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽיִּמְשְׁל֥וּ בָ֝הֶ֗ם שֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם

He gave them into the hand of the nations. Those who hated them ruled over them.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Greek Psalm 105:41 Septuagint · lemma form

καί παραδίδωμι αὐτός εἰς χείρ ἔθνος καί κυριεύω αὐτός ὁ μισέω αὐτός

And he delivered them into the hands of their enemies; and they that hated them ruled over them.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on Psalms 106:41 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Psa 106:41 And he gave them into the hand of the heathen; and they that hated them ruled over them.

Ver. 41. And he gave them into the hand of the heathen] That they might suffer by them with whom they had sinned, and with whom, by compliance, they hoped to have ingratiated.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

J. A. Alexander on Psalms

Joseph Addison Alexander

41. (Psa 106:41) And he gave them into the hand of nations, and over them ruled their haters. The same nations whom they had rebelliously spared, with others of like spirit,—the same nations who had led them into sin,—were used as instruments of punishment. Compare Lev 26:17, Jdg 2:14.

Joseph Addison Alexander, The Psalms Translated and Explained (1850) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

41. the heathen] The nations (R.V.) in contrast to Israel, Jehovah’s people.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Their enemies also oppressed them,.... By taxes, and taking the increase of their fields and sustenance, which often obliged them to cry for a deliverer, who upon this was sent to them; see Jdg 2:9.

And they were brought into subjection under their hand; or were humbled under their hand, as the Targum; they were not only made to submit to their enemies, but they were humbled before the Lord; brought to a sense of their sins, and acknowledgment of them, when the Lord appeared for their deliverance, as follows.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And he gave them into the hand of the heathen - That is, of foreign nations. They were indeed “pagans,” in the sense in which that term is used now - that is, they were ignorant of the true God, and worshipped idols; but that idea is not necessarily in the original word. The word “Gentiles” expresses all that the word implies.

And they that hated them ruled over them - Had them in subjection.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

41. And he gave them—See Jdg_2:14-15

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

And he gave them into the hand of the heathen. This is the great lesson taught by Jewish history, and especially impressed upon us by Judges and Chronicles. When a nation sins, it is delivered over to its enemies, partly for punishment, partly to lead it to repentance. Israel was delivered into the hand, first, of Mesopotamia, (Jud_1:3:10) then of Moab, (Jud_1:3:12) next of the Philistines, (Jud_1:3:31) then of the Canaanites, (Jud_1:4:2) later on of Midian, (Jud_1:6:1) still later of Ammon, (Jud 10:7-18) and then of the Philistines once more (Jud_1:13:1) on each occasion because of some flagrant sins, and suffered chastisement until it repented. So we are told in Chronicles with respect to the invasions of Shishak, (2Ch_12:2-5) of Pul, (1Ch_5:25, 1Ch_5:26) of Tiglath-pileser, (2Ch_28:19, 2Ch_28:20) and of Nebuchadnezzar, (2Ch_36:13-17) that they were on account of the people"s transgressions. God "slew" them that they might "seek him," and the ordinary result was, that they "turned themselves, and inquired after God." And they that hated them ruled over them. Chushan-rishathaim for eight years, (Jud_1:3:8) Eglon for eighteen, (Jud_1:3:14) Jabin for twenty, (Jud_1:4:3) the Midianites for seven, (Jud_1:6:1) the Ammonites for eighteen, (Jud_1:10:8) the Philistines for forty. (Jud_1:13:1)

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

And He delivered them into the hands of nations in the days of the Judges between one judge and another, e.g. Eglon, Cushan-rishathaim, Sisera, the Philistines, and Midian. (I found.)

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Psalms, in the Wisdom, opens this verse with 6 words (5 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is mâshal (“to rule”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word mâshal carries the sense “to rule.” How does it shape the verse?
Judges 2:14 shares this passage’s theme. How do the two illuminate each other?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
The verb «וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and J. A. Alexander on Psalms read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 5 words in this verse.
5 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 6 words in this verse.