פָּשַׁע
to rebel
also: transgress, revolt fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Qal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘rebel’
- Niphal
- Usually the simple passive or reflexive of the Qal (“he was written”).
Form
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
Gender
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms 15 distinct
- Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute 10 times (24%)
- Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural 8 times (20%)
- Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 4 times (10%)
- Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 3 times (7%)
- Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural 2 times (5%)
- Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct 2 times (5%)
- Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular 2 times (5%)
- Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2nd Person, Feminine, Singular 2 times (5%)
+7 more forms (8 occurrences)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 41 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H6586 appears — 37 distinct verses across 14 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
1 Kings 2 verses
- 1 Kings 8:50 פָּשְׁעוּ Qal pf 3cp and forgive your people who have sinned against you, and all their transgressions in which they have transgressed against you; and give them compassion before those who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them
- 1 Kings 12:19 וַ/יִּפְשְׁע֤וּ conj + Qal wimpf 3mp So Israel rebelled against the house of David to this day.
2 Kings 5 verses
- 2 Kings 1:1 וַ/יִּפְשַׁ֤ע conj + Qal wimpf 3ms Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.
- 2 Kings 3:5 וַ/יִּפְשַׁ֥ע conj + Qal wimpf 3ms But it happened, when Ahab was dead, that the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel.
- 2 Kings 3:7 פָּשַׁ֣ע Qal pf 3ms He went and sent to Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, saying, The king of Moab has rebelled against me: will you go with me against Moab to battle? He said, I will go up: I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses.
- 2 Kings 8:20 פָּשַׁ֣ע Qal pf 3ms In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves.
- 2 Kings 8:22 וַ/יִּפְשַׁ֣ע תִּפְשַׁ֥ע conj + Qal wimpf 3ms Qal impf 3fs So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then did Libnah revolt at the same time.
2 Chronicles 3 verses
- 2 Chronicles 10:19 וַ/יִּפְשְׁע֤וּ conj + Qal wimpf 3mp So Israel rebelled against the house of David to this day.
- 2 Chronicles 21:8 פָּשַׁ֣ע Qal pf 3ms In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves.
- 2 Chronicles 21:10 וַ/יִּפְשַׁ֨ע תִּפְשַׁ֥ע conj + Qal wimpf 3ms Qal impf 3fs So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day: then did Libnah revolt at the same time from under his hand, because he had forsaken Yahweh, the God of his fathers.
Ezra 1 verse
Psalms 2 verses
Proverbs 2 verses
Isaiah 8 verses
- Isaiah 1:2 פָּ֥שְׁעוּ Qal pf 3cp Hear, heavens, And listen, earth; for Yahweh has spoken: I have nourished and brought up children, And they have rebelled against me.
- Isaiah 1:28 פֹּשְׁעִ֛ים Qal ptcp.act mp But the destruction of transgressors and sinners shall be together, And those who forsake Yahweh shall be consumed.
- Isaiah 43:27 פָּ֥שְׁעוּ Qal pf 3cp Your first father sinned, and your teachers have transgressed against me.
- Isaiah 46:8 פוֹשְׁעִ֖ים Qal ptcp.act mp Remember this, and show yourselves men; bring it again to mind, you transgressors.
- Isaiah 48:8 וּ/פֹשֵׁ֥עַ conj + Qal ptcp.act ms Yes, you didn't hear; yes, you didn't know; yes, from of old your ear was not opened: for I knew that you did deal very treacherously, and was called a transgressor from the womb.
- Isaiah 53:12 פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים וְ/לַ/פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים Qal ptcp.act mp conj + prep det + Qal ptcp.act mp Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he poured out his soul to death, and was numbered with the transgressors: yet he bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.
- Isaiah 59:13 פָּשֹׁ֤עַ Qal inf.abs transgressing and denying Yahweh, and turning away from following our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.
- Isaiah 66:24 הַ/פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים ptcl def.art + Qal ptcp.act mp They shall go forth, and look on the dead bodies of the men who have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring to all flesh.
Jeremiah 4 verses
- Jeremiah 2:8 פָּ֣שְׁעוּ Qal pf 3cp The priests didn't say, Where is Yahweh? and those who handle the law didn't know me: the rulers also transgressed against me, and the prophets prophesied by Baal, and walked after things that do not profit.
- Jeremiah 2:29 פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֥ם Qal pf 2mp Why will you contend with me? you all have transgressed against me, says Yahweh.
- Jeremiah 3:13 פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ Qal pf 2fs Only acknowledge your iniquity, that you have transgressed against Yahweh your God, and have scattered your ways to the strangers under every green tree, and you have not obeyed my voice, says Yahweh.
- Jeremiah 33:8 פָּ֥שְׁעוּ Qal pf 3cp I will cleanse them from all their iniquity, by which they have sinned against me; and I will pardon all their iniquities, by which they have sinned against me, and by which they have transgressed against me.
Lamentations 1 verse
Ezekiel 3 verses
- Ezekiel 2:3 פָּ֣שְׁעוּ Qal pf 3cp He said to me, Son of man, I send you to the children of Israel, to nations that are rebellious, which have rebelled against me: they and their fathers have transgressed against me even to this very day.
- Ezekiel 18:31 פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֣ם Qal pf 2mp Cast away from you all your transgressions, in which you have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will you die, house of Israel?
- Ezekiel 20:38 וְ/הַ/פּֽוֹשְׁעִים֙ conj + ptcl def.art + Qal ptcp.act mp and I will purge out from among you the rebels, and those who disobey against me; I will bring them forth out of the land where they sojourn, but they shall not enter into the land of Israel: and you shall know that I am Yahweh.
Daniel 1 verse
Hosea 3 verses
- Hosea 7:13 פָ֣שְׁעוּ Qal pf 3cp Woe to them! For they have wandered from me. Destruction to them! For they have trespassed against me. Though I would redeem them, Yet they have spoken lies against me.
- Hosea 8:1 פָּשָֽׁעוּ Qal pf 3cp "Put the trumpet to your lips! Something like an eagle is over Yahweh's house, Because they have broken my covenant, And rebelled against my law.
- Hosea 14:9 וּ/פֹשְׁעִ֖ים conj + Qal ptcp.act mp Who is wise, that he may understand these things? Who is prudent, that he may know them? For the ways of Yahweh are right, And the righteous walk in them; But the rebellious stumble in them.
Amos 1 verse
Zephaniah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“to rebel” is the headline sense of the Hebrew verb פשע (pâshaʻ). Where the King James Version says “transgressors,” newer translations reach for “rebelled” (Berean Standard Bible); the renderings breakdown has the detail. The Hebrew Bible uses it across 37 verses — moderately common. First canonically at 1 Kings 8:50, it enters the text early. The verb spans 2 stems, from Qal to Niphal. See the sense tree, 37-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H6586 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 37
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 37 distinct verses.
- 14 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 14 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #891
- by frequency
- Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 891 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 37 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 37 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 27 verses · 73%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 10 verses · 27%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Transgressors 7×, Have transgressed 5×, Revolted 5×
- American Standard Version: Transgressors 6×, Rebelled 4×, Revolted 4×
- Berean Standard Bible: Rebelled 10×, Has been in rebellion 4×, Transgressors 4×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Rebelled 8×, And 7×, Transgressors 7×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H6586 across 41 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H6586 across 41 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 21 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H6586 across 41 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 14 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H6586 across 49 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 4 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 K 3:7 +, 2 fs. פָּשַׁ֫עַתְּ Zp 3:11; פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ Je 3:13, etc.; Impf. יִפְשַׁע Pr 28:21 + 8 times Impf.; Imv. mpl. פִּשְׁעוּ Am 4:4; Inf. abs. פָּשֹׁעַ Is 59:13; cstr. פְּשֹׁעַ Am 4:4; Ez 10:13; Pt. פֹּשֵׁעַ Is 48:8; פֹּשְׁעִים Is 1:28 +, etc.;— e.g. 2 Kings 3:7
- 1. rebel, revolt, of nations, c. בְּ against, 1 K 12:19; 2 K 1:1; 3:5, 7; 2 Ch 10:19; abs. 2 K 8:22, מִתַּחַת יַד v 20, 22 2 Ch 21:8, 10(×2); פָּֽשְׁעוּ בִי Is 1:2 (Isr. under fig. of י׳’s sons). e.g. 1 Kings 12:19
- 2. transgress against God, abs. Is 1:28; 46:8; 48:8; 53:12(×2) Ho 14:10; Am 4:4(×2); La 3:42 Dn 8:23 ψ 37:38; 51:15, for (עַל) a bit of bread Pr 28:21; בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezr 10:13 in this thing; עַל תּוֹרָתִי Ho 8:1; elsewhere c. בְּ against God: פ׳ ב׳ Is 43:27; 59:13; 66:24; Je 2:8, 29; 3:13; 33:8; Ez 2:3; 20:38; Ho 7:13; פְּשָׁעִים אשׁר פ׳ ב 1 K 8:50; Ez 18:31; עלילות אשׁר פ׳ ב Zp 3:11. e.g. Isaiah 1:28
Niphal
- Pf. 3 ms. אָח נִפְשַׁע (van d. H. Pt. נִפְשָׁע) a brother (who has been) offended Pr 18:19, but very dubious, cf. Toy. e.g. Proverbs 18:19
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
vb. rebel, transgress (NH id.; Syriac ܦܫܰܥ is be terrified, ܦܫܺܝܥܳܐ tepid, insipid);—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from פשע (pâsaʻ) (H6585) — to step.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
פָּשַׁע
- (b. h.) [to pass beyond,]
- 1. to be wilful, rebellious. Yoma IV, 2 פָּשַׁעְתִּי; ib. VI, 2 פָּשְׁעוּ, v. עָוָה; a. fr.—פּוֹשֵׁעַ a wilful transgressor, rebel, apostate. Gitt. 57ᵃ פ׳ ישראל a Jewish apostate (the censor’s disguise for Jesus). Ib. תא חזי מה בין פּוֹשְׁעֵי ישראל וכ׳ come and see the difference between Jewish apostates and gentile prophets. R. Hash. 17ᵃ פ׳ ישראל בגופן Jewish sinners with their bodies (disregarding the ceremonial laws intended to guard the purity of life); פ׳ אומות העולם בגופן gentile sinners with their bodies (lustful and violent). Midr. Till. to Ps. LI כשאתה אומר לפּוֹשְׁעִים … אם תקבלני כל הפושעים משלימים לך when thou sayest to the sinners, why have you not repented? (they may plead ignorance of thy goodness, but) if thou receivest me, all sinners will make peace with thee; a. fr.
- 2. to be faithless. Gen. R. s. 52 (ref. to Prov. XVIII, 19) פָּשַׁעְתָּ באברהם thou (Lot) wast faithless to Abraham; Num. R. s. 18 זה קרח שפ׳ בתורה וכ׳ this refers to Korah who was faithless to the Law, which is called ‘strength’; a. fr.—Esp. (with ref. to Ex. XXII, 8) to be negligent in guarding a trust. B. Mets. 36ᵇ פ׳ בה וכ׳ if he was careless in guarding the animal, and it went out &c. Ib. 34ᵃ כיון שאמר פשעתי וכ׳ as soon as he says, ‘I have been at fault’, he surrenders the eventual fine (of the thief) to the owner. Ib. 58ᵃ כי היכי דלא לקרו להו פושעים in order that they may not be called faithless guardians; a. fr.—Ber. 28ᵃ ונקרא פושע and he is called negligent (because he delayed his prayers). e.g. Proverbs 18:19
- to cause to transgress. Num. R. s. 9 (ref. to Ex. XXII, 8) מדבר באהרן שה׳ ישראל בדיבור לא יהיה it alludes to Aaron who caused Israel to transgress the commandment, ‘thou shalt have no other gods &c.’ (Ex. XX, 3). e.g. Exodus 22:8
פְּשַׁע
- Taan. 24ᵃ כל מאן דפ׳ מחשדינא וכ׳ if a child rebels (refuses to study), I bribe him by giving him &c. Gitt. 36ᵃ הוה פָּשַׁע בינוקי he was faithless to (maltreated) the children; Macc. 16ᵇ
פֶּשַׁע
- preced.) rebellion, sin. Gen. R. s. 22 ילפִשְׁעִי, v. סָבַל. Tanḥ. Vayesheb 4 מה פשעי what wrong have I done?; a. e.—Pl. פְּשָׁעִים. Yoma III, 8; IV, 2. Ib. 36ᵇ פ׳ אלו המרדים by p’shaʿim are meant rebellious acts; Y. ib. III, 40ᵈ bot. פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם; Tosef. ib. II, 1; a. e.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 34 distinct written forms H6586 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H6586, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 35 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 37 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- 1 Kings 8:50
- 2 Kings 1:1
- 2 Chronicles 10:19
- Ezra 10:13
- Proverbs 18:19
- Isaiah 1:2
- Jeremiah 2:8
- Lamentations 3:42
- Ezekiel 2:3
- Daniel 8:23
- Hosea 7:13
- Amos 4:4
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
