Deuteronomy 30:7

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Yahweh your God will put all these curses on your enemies, and on those who hate you, who persecuted you.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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הָאָל֖וֹת

ʼâlâh

H423

“the · oaths”

Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Absolute

Appears 36× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 24:41

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H422

TWOT: 91a

oath - oath of covenant - curse - from God - from men - execration

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

13: words
12: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

הָאָל֖וֹת oath H423 occurs in 32 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

4 verbs
4 nouns
1 pronoun
2 prepositions
2 particles

Verb forms

וְנָתַן֙ Qal · Sequential Perfect
אֹיְבֶ֥יךָ Qal · Participle Active
שֹׂנְאֶ֖יךָ Qal · Participle Active
רְדָפֽוּךָ Qal · Perfect

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

עַל upon H5921 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 20 words from the Hebrew and 22 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 13 Hebrew tokens and 21 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Deuteronomy 30:7 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Deuteronomy 7:15 Yahweh will take away from you all sickness; and none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which you know, will he put on you, but will lay them on all those who hate you.
Lamentations 4:21–22 Rejoice and be glad, daughter of Edom, that dwell in the land of Uz: The cup shall pass through to you also; you shall be drunken, and shall make yourself naked.
Jeremiah 51:24–26 I will render to Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, says Yahweh.
Ezekiel 25:12 Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because Edom has dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and has greatly offended, and revenged himself on them;
Numbers 24:14 Now, behold, I go to my people: come, [and] I will advertise you what this people shall do to your people in the latter days.
Isaiah 10:12 Therefore it shall happen that, when the Lord has performed his whole work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his high looks.
Isaiah 14:1–27 For Yahweh will have compassion on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land: and the foreigner shall join himself with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob.
Psalms 137:7–9 Remember, Yahweh, against the children of Edom, The day of Jerusalem; Who said, "Raze it! Raze it even to its foundation!"

Jeremiah 25:12–16 It shall happen, when seventy years are accomplished, that I will punish the king of Babylon, and that nation, says Yahweh, for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans; and I will make it desolate forever.
Jeremiah 25:29 For, behold, I begin to work evil at the city which is called by my name; and should you be utterly unpunished? You shall not be unpunished; for I will call for a sword on all the inhabitants of the earth, says Yahweh of Hosts.
Jeremiah 50:33–34 Thus says Yahweh of hosts: The children of Israel and the children of Judah are oppressed together; and all who took them captive hold them fast; they refuse to let them go.
Jeremiah 51:34–37 Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon has devoured me, he has crushed me, he has made me an empty vessel, he has, like a monster, swallowed me up, he has filled his maw with my delicacies; he has cast me out.
Lamentations 3:54–66 Waters flowed over my head; I said, I am cut off.
Ezekiel 25:3 and tell the children of Ammon, Hear the word of the Lord Yahweh: Thus says the Lord Yahweh, Because you said, Aha, against my sanctuary, when it was profaned; and against the land of Israel, when it was made desolate; and against the house of Judah, when they went into captivity:
Ezekiel 25:6 For thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because you have clapped your hands, and stamped with the feet, and rejoiced with all the despite of your soul against the land of Israel;
Ezekiel 25:8 Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because Moab and Seir say, Behold, the house of Judah is like all the nations;

Ezekiel 25:15 Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because the Philistines have dealt by revenge, and have taken vengeance with despite of soul to destroy with perpetual enmity;
Amos 1:3 Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Damascus, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron;
Amos 1:9 Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Tyre, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they delivered up the whole community to Edom, And didn't remember the brotherly covenant;
Amos 1:11 Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Edom, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because he pursued his brother with the sword, And cast off all pity, And his anger raged continually, And he kept his wrath forever;
Amos 1:13 Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they have ripped open the pregnant women of Gilead, That they may enlarge their border.
Obadiah 1:10 For the violence done to your brother Jacob, shame will cover you, and you will be cut off forever.
Zechariah 12:3 It will happen in that day, that I will make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all the peoples. All who burden themselves with it will be severely wounded, and all the nations of the earth will be gathered together against it.
Amos 1:6 Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Gaza, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they carried away captive the whole community, To deliver them up to Edom;

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Deuteronomy 30:7 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְנָתַן֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֵ֥ת כָּל הָאָל֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה עַל אֹיְבֶ֥יךָ וְעַל שֹׂנְאֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רְדָפֽוּךָ

Yahweh your God will put all these curses on your enemies, and on those who hate you, who persecuted you.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Deuteronomy 30:7 Septuagint · lemma form

καί δίδωμι κύριος ὁ θεός σύ ὁ ἀρά οὗτος ἐπί ὁ ἐχθρός σύ καί ἐπί ὁ μισέω σύ ὅς διώκω σύ

And the Lord your God will put these curses upon your enemies, and upon those that hate you, who have persecuted you.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וְיִתֵּן יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ יָת כָּל לְוָטַיָא הָאִלֵין עַל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָךְ וְעַל סָנְאָךְ דִי רְדָפוּךְ

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וְיִגְרֵי מֵימְרָא דַיְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן יַת לְוָוטַיָא הָאִלֵין עַל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיכוֹן דְאָעִיקוּ יַתְכוֹן בְּגַלְוַותְכוֹן וְעַל סַנְאֵיכוֹן דְרָדָפוּ מִן בַּתְרֵיכוֹן עַד דִי אָנְסוּ יַתְכוֹן

And the Word of the Lord your God will send these curses upon your enemies who have oppressed you in your captivities, and such as have hated and persecuted, to destroy you.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Deuteronomy 30:7 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Deu 30:7 And the LORD thy God will put all these curses upon thine enemies, and on them that hate thee, which persecuted thee.

Ver. 7. Will put all these curses upon thine enemies.] God will recompense "tribulation to them that have troubled you"; {2Th 1:6} he will "spoil the spoilers"; {Isa 33:1} "deliver the just out of trouble, and the wicked shall come in his stead." {Pro 11:8 Isa 65:13-14} It seemeth to the Church’s enemies an incredible paradox, and a news by far more admirable than acceptable, that there should be such a transmutation of conditions on both sides to contraries; but so it will be, as sure as the coat is on their backs, or the heart in their bodies. See Lam 4:21.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

7. curses] Heb. ‘alôth, Deu_29:20 f. (19 f.), q.v.; and not ḳelalôth as in Deu_30:1 and ch. 28. Because of this and the fact that the v. breaks the connection between Deu_30:6; Deu_30:8 it is probably an intrusion (Dillm.). With it cp. Deu_7:15.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And the Lord thy God will put all these curses upon thine enemies,.... Recorded in Deu 28:16; that is, the Word of the Lord, as the Targum of Jonathan; for he being now sought unto, and embraced, will be their King and their Saviour, and revenge their enemies:

and on them that hate thee, which persecuted thee: the Turks and Papists, the former having taken possession of their land, and the latter being violent persecutors of them in all their countries. This will be fulfilled when the vials of God's wrath will be poured on the antichristian states, Rev 16:1.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Deuteronomy, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 13 words (12 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼâlâh (“oath”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word ʼâlâh carries the sense “oath.” How does it shape the verse?
How does Genesis 24:41, which shares the word «oath», read alongside this verse?
What does the repetition of “upon” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
«וְנָתַן֙» is a Qal Sequential Perfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

This verse counts 13 Hebrew ↔ 21 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 10 words in this verse.
“upon” occurs 2× in this single verse.
12 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 13 words in this verse.