כָּנַע
to humble
‘to humble’ is one of 5 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Niphal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Niphal
- Usually the simple passive or reflexive of the Qal (“he was written”). Here: ‘reflex. humble oneself’
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”). Here: ‘humble’
Form
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms 17 distinct
- Verb, Niphal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural 6 times (17%)
- Verb, Niphal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 4 times (11%)
- Verb, Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 4 times (11%)
- Verb, Niphal, Sequential Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular 3 times (8%)
- Verb, Niphal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 3 times (8%)
- Verb, Niphal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural 3 times (8%)
- Verb, Niphal, Infinitive Construct 3 times (8%)
- Verb, Niphal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural 1 time (3%)
+9 more forms (9 occurrences)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 36 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H3665 appears — 32 distinct verses across 13 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Leviticus 1 verse
Deuteronomy 1 verse
Judges 4 verses
- Judges 3:30 וַ/תִּכָּנַ֤ע conj + Niphal wimpf 3fs So Moab was subdued that day under the hand of Israel. The land had rest eighty years.
- Judges 4:23 וַ/יַּכְנַ֤ע conj + Hiphil wimpf 3ms So God subdued on that day Jabin the king of Canaan before the children of Israel.
- Judges 8:28 וַ/יִּכָּנַ֣ע conj + Niphal wimpf 3ms So Midian was subdued before the children of Israel, and they lifted up their heads no more. The land had rest forty years in the days of Gideon.
- Judges 11:33 וַ/יִּכָּֽנְעוּ֙ conj + Niphal wimpf 3mp He struck them from Aroer until you come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and to Abelcheramim, with a very great slaughter. So the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.
1 Samuel 1 verse
2 Samuel 1 verse
1 Kings 1 verse
2 Kings 1 verse
1 Chronicles 3 verses
- 1 Chronicles 17:10 וְ/הִכְנַ֖עְתִּי conj + Hiphil wpf 1cs and [as] from the day that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel; and I will subdue all your enemies. Moreover I tell you that Yahweh will build you a house.
- 1 Chronicles 18:1 וַ/יַּכְנִיעֵ֑/ם conj + Hiphil wimpf 3ms + sfx pers 3mp After this it happened, that David struck the Philistines, and subdued them, and took Gath and its towns out of the hand of the Philistines.
- 1 Chronicles 20:4 וַ/יִּכָּנֵֽעוּ conj + Niphal wimpf 3mp It happened after this, that there arose war at Gezer with the Philistines: then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant; and they were subdued.
2 Chronicles 13 verses
- 2 Chronicles 7:14 וְ/יִכָּנְע֨וּ conj + Niphal impf 3mp if my people, who are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land.
- 2 Chronicles 12:6 וַ/יִּכָּנְע֥וּ conj + Niphal wimpf 3mp Then the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves; and they said, Yahweh is righteous.
- 2 Chronicles 12:7 נִכְנָ֔עוּ נִכְנְע֖וּ Niphal pf 3cp Niphal pf 3cp When Yahweh saw that they humbled themselves, the word of Yahweh came to Shemaiah, saying, They have humbled themselves: I will not destroy them; but I will grant them some deliverance, and my wrath shall not be poured out on Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak.
- 2 Chronicles 12:12 וּ/בְ/הִכָּֽנְע֗/וֹ conj + prep + Niphal inf.cs + sfx pers 3ms When he humbled himself, the wrath of Yahweh turned from him, so as not to destroy him altogether: and moreover in Judah there were good things [found].
- 2 Chronicles 13:18 וַ/יִּכָּנְע֥וּ conj + Niphal wimpf 3mp Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time, and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied on Yahweh, the God of their fathers.
- 2 Chronicles 28:19 הִכְנִ֤יעַ Hiphil pf 3ms For Yahweh brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel; for he had dealt wantonly in Judah, and trespassed severely against Yahweh.
- 2 Chronicles 30:11 נִֽכְנְע֔וּ Niphal pf 3cp Nevertheless certain men of Asher and Manasseh and of Zebulun humbled themselves, and came to Jerusalem.
- 2 Chronicles 32:26 וַ/יִּכָּנַ֤ע conj + Niphal wimpf 3ms Notwithstanding Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart, both he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of Yahweh didn't come on them in the days of Hezekiah.
- 2 Chronicles 33:12 וַ/יִּכָּנַ֣ע conj + Niphal wimpf 3ms When he was in distress, he begged Yahweh his God, and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers.
- 2 Chronicles 33:19 הִכָּנְע֑/וֹ Niphal inf.cs + sfx pers 3ms His prayer also, and how [God] was entreated of him, and all his sin and his trespass, and the places in which he built high places, and set up the Asherim and the engraved images, before he humbled himself: behold, they are written in the history of Hozai.
- 2 Chronicles 33:23 נִכְנַע֙ כְּ/הִכָּנַ֖ע Niphal pf 3ms prep + Niphal inf.cs He didn't humble himself before Yahweh, as Manasseh his father had humbled himself; but this same Amon trespassed more and more.
- 2 Chronicles 34:27 וַ/תִּכָּנַ֣ע וַ/תִּכָּנַ֣ע conj + Niphal wimpf 2ms conj + Niphal wimpf 2ms because your heart was tender, and you did humble yourself before God, when you heard his words against this place, and against the inhabitants of it, and have humbled yourself before me, and have torn your clothes, and wept before me; I also have heard you, says Yahweh.
- 2 Chronicles 36:12 נִכְנַ֗ע Niphal pf 3ms and he did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh his God; he didn't humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet [speaking] from the mouth of Yahweh.
Nehemiah 1 verse
Job 1 verse
Psalms 3 verses
- Psalms 81:14 אַכְנִ֑יעַ Hiphil impf 1cs I would soon subdue their enemies, And turn my hand against their adversaries.
- Psalms 106:42 וַ֝/יִּכָּנְע֗וּ conj + Niphal wimpf 3mp Their enemies also oppressed them. They were brought into subjection under their hand.
- Psalms 107:12 וַ/יַּכְנַ֣ע conj + Hiphil wimpf 3ms Therefore he brought down their heart with labor. They fell down, and there was none to help.
Isaiah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
כנע — transliterated kânaʻ — is a Hebrew verb carrying the sense “to humble.” Its English rendering has broadened — “humbled” classically, “and” (unfoldingWord Literal Text) in modern versions; see the renderings breakdown. Spanning 32 verses in 13 books, it ranks among the moderately common words of the Hebrew Bible. Its uses concentrate in 2 Chronicles (41% of all occurrences). As a verb its force shifts by stem, across 2 stems (Niphal, Hiphil, and more). Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3665 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 32
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 32 distinct verses.
- 13 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 13 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #990
- by frequency
- Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 990 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 32 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- 2 Chronicles 13 verses 41%
- Judges 4 verses 13%
- 1 Chronicles 3 verses 9%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 32 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 21 verses · 66%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 9 verses · 28%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 2 verses · 6%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Humbled 6×, Subdued 4×, Were subdued 2×
- American Standard Version: He humbled 4×, Humbled 4×, Subdued 3×
- Berean Standard Bible: Humbled 3×, Subdued them 3×, Were subdued 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: And 5×, So 5×, He humbled himself 3×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3665 across 37 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 25 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3665 across 36 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 17 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3665 across 35 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 20 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3665 across 49 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 20 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 4 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Niphal
- 1. reflex. humble oneself
- 2. pass. be humbled, subdued
Hiphil
- 1. humble
- 2. subdue enemies
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
[ כָּנַע ] vb. be humble, only in der. conj.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
כְּנַע
- to press, oppress.—Part. pass. כְּנִיעַ, pl. כְּנִיעִין depressed, mournful. Y. Ter. XI, end, 48ᵇ ע"י דאינון כ׳ because they are low-spirited.
- to lower one’s self, be humble. Targ. Y. Gen. XVI, 9 (h. text התעני). Targ. I Kings XXI, 29. Targ. Is. XLI, 11 (h. text יכלמו); a. fr.—Targ. Ez. XXIX, 7 באִתְכְּנָעוּתְהוֹן Var., v. כני ch.—Y. Taan. III, 66ᶜ bot. מִתְכַּנְּעִין they humble themselves (in penitence).—Esp. to bow to a superior, to salute. Gen. R. s. 33 ולא א׳ מיניה and he did not salute him. M. Kat. 16ᵇ ולא אִיכְנְעָא מקמיה and she did not bow to him; a. e.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 30 distinct written forms H3665 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3665, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 30 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 32 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Leviticus 26:41
- Deuteronomy 9:3
- Judges 3:30
- 1 Samuel 7:13
- 2 Samuel 8:1
- 1 Kings 21:29
- 2 Kings 22:19
- 1 Chronicles 17:10
- 2 Chronicles 7:14
- Job 40:12
- Psalms 106:42
- Isaiah 25:5
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
