קָדִים
east
‘east’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H6921 appears in the Book of Hosea — 2 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Hosea
- Hosea 12:1 קָדִ֔ים n c ms Ephraim feeds on wind, And chases the east wind. He continually multiplies lies and desolation. They make a covenant with Assyria, And oil is carried into Egypt.
- Hosea 13:15 קָדִים֩ n c ms Though he is fruitful among his brothers, an east wind will come, The breath of Yahweh coming up from the wilderness; And his spring will become dry, And his fountain will be dried up. He will plunder the storehouse of treasure.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
The Hebrew noun קדים centers on the idea of “east.” Ezekiel dominates its distribution — 48 of 64 verses. The Hebrew Bible uses it across 64 verses — moderately common. First canonically at Genesis 41:6, it enters the text early. Its meaning spans more than one sense — see its full sense range. Dig into 64-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H6921 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 64
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 64 distinct verses.
- 10 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 10 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #575
- by frequency
- Top 1000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 575 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 64 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 64 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 54 verses · 84%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 5 verses · 8%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 5 verses · 8%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: East 39×, Toward the east 9×, East wind 8×
- American Standard Version: East 40×, Toward the east 9×, East wind 6×
- Berean Standard Bible: East 41×, East wind 8×, East side 5×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: East 38×, East wind 8×, East side 5×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H6921 across 68 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 5 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H6921 across 68 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H6921 across 68 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 7 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H6921 across 71 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 13 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 5 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1. (apart from Ez) East, especially רוּחַ (הַ)קּ׳ wind of the East, east wind, often as violent and scorching, from desert on SE., = Arabic sirocco (شرقية eastern), cf. Dr Am 4:9: Ex 10:13(×2) (JE), 14:21 (J), Je 18:17 (sim.), Jon 4:8 ψ 48:8; also ק׳ (רוּחַ om.) = east wind Gn 41:6, 23, 27 (E), Ho 12:2; 13:15; Is 27:8; Jb 15:2; 27:21; 38:24 ψ 78:26.—קָדִימָה Hb 1:9 is dub., usually eastward, i.e. forward, but text prob. corrupt, cf. We Now Da, GASm proposes מַקְדִּים (v. also [מְגַמָּה] p. 169 supr.). e.g. Amos 4:9
- 2. in Ez (52 times):
- a. East רוּחַ הַקּ׳ east wind 17:10; 19:12; 27:26; east side 42:16 (+ N, S, W); שַׁעַר הַקּ׳ 40:44 (+ N, S); פְּאַת ק׳ 47:18, + W 48:6, 7, 8, cf. v 1 (פ׳ ק׳ הַיָּם; but read מִפּ׳ ק׳ וְעַד פ׳ יָמָּה 𝔊 Co Toy al.), + N, S, W, v 16; דֶּרֶךְ הַקּ׳ i.e. toward the E. 40:10 + 7 times, מִדּ׳ הַקּ׳ 43:2; לַקּ׳ 40:23 eastward (+ N) 41:14; מֵהַקּ׳ 42:9 on the East. e.g. Ezekiel 17:10
- b. קָדִ֫ימָה = East: דֶּרֶךְ הַקּ׳ 40:6; גְּבוּל קָדִימָה 45:7; 48:21 (+ W); פְּאַת קָדִימָה 47:18, + W 48:3 + 8 times, + N, S, W, v 32. e.g. Ezekiel 40:6
- c. as adv. קָדִ֫ימָה eastward 11:1; 44:1; 47:1; + W 45:7 (del. Berthol Krae), 48:18, + N, S, W, v 10, 17; also (הַ)קָּדִים eastward 40:19; 43:17; 46:1, 12; 47:1, 3, + N v 2. e.g. Ezekiel 11:1
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
n.m. Ho 13:15 East, east wind;—abs. ק׳ Gn 41:6 +; c. ה loc. קָדִ֫ימָה Ez 11:1 +, קָדִ֫מָה 48:4 +;—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from קדם (qâdam) (H6923) — to meet.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
קָדִים
- with רוּחַ, or sub. רוח, east wind. Mekh. B’shall. s. 4; Yalk. Jer. 300. Kel. XX, 2 הניחה … בק׳ וכ׳ if he exposed the trough to the east wind, and it cracked. Gitt. III, 8 בק׳ של מוצאי החג (Bab. ed. 31ᵃ בקדום) after an east wind following the end of the Succoth festival; ib. 31ᵇ בקִידּוּם; a. e.
קְדִים
- , v. קֳדָם
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 34 distinct written forms H6921 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| קָדִ֑ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 44:1 | 6 |
| הַ/קָּדִ֑ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 40:22 | 5 |
| קָדִ֛ימָ/ה | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:3 | 5 |
| הַ/קָּדִ֖ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 19:12 | 4 |
| קָדִ֛ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:1 | 4 |
| הַ/קָּדִ֔ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Exodus 10:13 | 3 |
| קָדִ֔ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 46:1 | 3 |
| קָדִ֛מָ/ה | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:4 | 3 |
| קָדִ֣ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Job 15:2 | 3 |
| הַ/קָּדִֽים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 43:1 | 2 |
| קָדִ֑ימָ/ה | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 45:7 | 2 |
| קָדִ֔ימָ/ה | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 11:1 | 2 |
| קָדִ֖ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 47:3 | 2 |
| קָדִ֨ימָ/ה֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:8 | 2 |
| קָדִֽים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 43:17 | 2 |
| קָדִֽימָ/ה | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 45:7 | 2 |
| קָדִים֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Exodus 10:13 | 2 |
| הַ/קָּדִ֔ימָ/ה | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 40:6 | 1 |
| הַ/קָּדִ֗ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 40:10 | 1 |
| הַ/קָּדִ֛ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 42:10 | 1 |
| הַ/קָּדִים֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 17:10 | 1 |
| וְ/לַ/קָּדִ֑ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 40:23 | 1 |
| וְ/קָדִ֗ימָ/ה | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:10 | 1 |
| וְ/קָדִ֨ימָ/ה֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:17 | 1 |
| לַ/קָּדִ֖ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 41:14 | 1 |
| מֵֽ/הַ/קָּדִ֔ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 42:9 | 1 |
| קָ֭דִים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 78:26 | 1 |
| קָדִ֗ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:16 | 1 |
| קָדִ֗ימָ/ה | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:32 | 1 |
| קָדִ֡ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 47:18 | 1 |
| קָדִ֤ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Exodus 14:21 | 1 |
| קָדִ֥ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Jeremiah 18:17 | 1 |
| קָדִים֩ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Hosea 13:15 | 1 |
| קָדִימָ/ה֒ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 48:21 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H6921, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
- קדום qâdûwm H6917 antiquity
- קדם qedem H6924 east
- קדמה qadmâh H6927 antiquity
- קדמון qadmôwn H6930 eastern
- קדמי qadmay H6933 former
- קרדם qardôm H7134 axe
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 10 — not the complete family. 2 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 63 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 64 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Genesis 41:6
- Exodus 10:13
- Job 15:2
- Psalms 48:7
- Isaiah 27:8
- Jeremiah 18:17
- Ezekiel 11:1
- Hosea 12:1
- Jonah 4:8
- Habakkuk 1:9
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
