πάροικος
stranger
‘stranger’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
See every Nominative-case word in the Greek New Testament →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Adjective
- A word that describes or qualifies a noun.
Case
- Accusative
- The case of the direct object and of extent.
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Neuter
- Grammatically neuter.
Number
- Plural
- More than one.
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Adjective, Accusative, Plural, Masculine 1 time (25%)
- Adjective, Nominative, Plural, Masculine 1 time (25%)
- Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Masculine 1 time (25%)
- Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Neuter 1 time (25%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (Robinson–Tischendorf, public domain), counted across 4 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where G3941 appears — 4 distinct verses across 3 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
Acts 2 verses
- Acts 7:6 πάροικον adj nom sg neut God spoke in this way: that his seed would live as aliens in a strange land, and that they would be enslaved and mistreated for four hundred years.
- Acts 7:29 πάροικος adj nom sg masc Moses fled at this saying, and became a stranger in the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons.
Ephesians 1 verse
1 Peter 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“stranger” is the headline sense of the Greek adjective παροικος (pároikos). With only 4 verses it sits in the long tail of Greek New Testament vocabulary. It clusters heavily in Acts, which alone accounts for 50% of its uses. First canonically at Acts 7:6, it enters the text early. Lexicons map it across 3 senses. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G3941 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 4
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 4 distinct verses.
- 3 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 3 of 27 New Testament books.
- #1,877
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Greek words (rank 1,877 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 4 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the New Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 4 distinct verses.
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 2 verses · 50%
- Pauline corpus 1 verse · 25%
- General (Catholic) Epistles 1 verse · 25%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Foreigners 1×, Sojourn 1×, Stranger 1×
- American Standard Version: Sojourners 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: Foreigners 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Foreigners 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G3941 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G3941 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G3941 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G3941 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in Thayer's
The 3 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- dwelling near, neighbouring
- in the NT, a stranger, a foreigner, one who lives in a place without the right of citizenship
- metaph.
Word origin
Derived from παρα (pará) (G3844) — from.
Forms in the corpus
The 4 distinct written forms G3941 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that case’s occurrences in the concordance.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| πάροικοι pároikoi | Adjective, Nominative, Plural, Masculine | Ephesians 2:19 | 1 |
| πάροικον pároikon | Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Neuter | Acts 7:6 | 1 |
| πάροικος pároikos | Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Masculine | Acts 7:29 | 1 |
| παροίκους paroíkous | Adjective, Accusative, Plural, Masculine | 1 Peter 2:11 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G3941, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
- παραβαινω parabaínō G3845 to neglect
- παραβαλλω parabállō G3846 to place beside
- παραβιαζομαι parabiázomai G3849 to compel
- παραβουλευομαι parabouleúomai G3851 to consult wrongly
- παραγγελλω parangéllō G3853 to announce
- παραγινομαι paragínomai G3854 to appear
- παραγω parágō G3855 to pass by
- παραδειγματιζω paradeigmatízō G3856 to make example
- παραδεχομαι paradéchomai G3858 to receive
- παραδιατριβη paradiatribḗ G3859 empty business
- παραδιδωμι paradídōmi G3860 to deliver
- παραδοξος parádoxos G3861 strange
- παραζηλοω parazēlóō G3863 to provoke
- παραθαλασσιος parathalássios G3864 by the sea
- παραθεωρεω paratheōréō G3865 to compare
- παραινεω parainéō G3867 to exhort
- παραιτεομαι paraitéomai G3868 to beg pardon
- παρακαθιζω parakathízō G3869 to sit beside
- παρακαλεω parakaléō G3870 to call beside
- παρακαλυπτω parakalýptō G3871 to cover up
- παρακαταθηκη parakatathḗkē G3872 deposit
- παρακειμαι parákeimai G3873 to lie beside
- παρακολουθεω parakolouthéō G3877 to follow after
- παρακουω parakoúō G3878 to disobey
+51 more words share this root (not shown).
Derived from this word
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 79 — not the complete family. 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word παροικος appears 25 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 24 verses in 10 books.
- 25
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 24
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 10 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 10 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Genesis 15:13 πάροικος
- Exodus 2:22 πάροικος
- Leviticus 22:10 πάροικος
- Numbers 35:15 πάροικος
- Deuteronomy 14:21 πάροικος
- 2 Samuel 1:13 πάροικος
- 1 Chronicles 5:10 πάροικος
- Psalms 38:13 πάροικος
- Jeremiah 14:8 πάροικος
- Zephaniah 2:5 πάροικος
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G3941) appears in the Greek Septuagint. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Genesis 15:13 πάροικος He said to Abram, "Know for sure that your seed will live as foreigners in a land that is not theirs, and will serve them. They will afflict them four hundred years.
- Genesis 23:4 πάροικος "I am a stranger and a foreigner living with you. Give me a possession of a burying-place with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight."
- Exodus 2:22 πάροικος She bore a son, and he named him Gershom, for he said, "I have lived as a foreigner in a foreign land."
- Exodus 12:45 πάροικος A foreigner and a hired servant shall not eat of it.
- Exodus 18:3 πάροικος and her two sons. The name of one son was Gershom, for Moses said, "I have lived as a foreigner in a foreign land".
- Leviticus 22:10 πάροικος "'No stranger shall eat of the holy thing: a foreigner living with the priests, or a hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
- Leviticus 25:6 πάροικος The Sabbath of the land shall be for food for you; for yourself, for your servant, for your maid, for your hired servant, and for your stranger, who lives as a foreigner with you.
- Leviticus 25:23 πάροικος "'The land shall not be sold in perpetuity, for the land is mine; for you are strangers and live as foreigners with me.
- Leviticus 25:35 πάροικος "'If your brother has become poor, and his hand can't support him among you; then you shall uphold him. As a stranger and a sojourner he shall live with you.
- Leviticus 25:40 πάροικος As a hired servant, and as a sojourner, he shall be with you; he shall serve with you until the Year of Jubilee:
- Leviticus 25:45 πάροικος Moreover of the children of the strangers who sojourn among you, of them you may buy, and of their families who are with you, which they have conceived in your land; and they will be your property.
- Leviticus 25:47 πάροικος "'If a stranger or sojourner with you becomes rich, and your brother beside him has grown poor, and sells himself to the stranger or foreigner living among you, or to a member of the stranger's family;
- Numbers 35:15 πάροικος For the children of Israel, and for the stranger and for the foreigner living among them, shall these six cities be for refuge; that everyone who kills any person unwittingly may flee there.
- Deuteronomy 14:21 πάροικος You shall not eat of anything that dies of itself: you may give it to the foreigner living among you who is within your gates, that he may eat it; or you may sell it to a foreigner: for you are a holy people to Yahweh your God. You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk.
- Deuteronomy 23:8 πάροικος The children of the third generation who are born to them shall enter into the assembly of Yahweh.
- 2 Samuel 1:13 πάροικος David said to the young man who told him, Whence are you? He answered, I am the son of a foreigner, an Amalekite.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10 πάροικος In the days of Saul, they made war with the Hagrites, who fell by their hand; and they lived in their tents throughout all the [land] east of Gilead.
- 1 Chronicles 29:15 πάροικος For we are strangers before you, and foreigners, as all our fathers were: our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is no abiding.
- Psalms 38:13 πάροικος But I, as a deaf man, don't hear. I am as a mute man who doesn't open his mouth.
- Psalms 104:12 πάροικος The birds of the sky nest by them. They sing among the branches.
- Psalms 118:19 πάροικος Open to me the gates of righteousness. I will enter into them. I will give thanks to Yah.
- Jeremiah 14:8 πάροικος You hope of Israel, the Savior of it in the time of trouble, why should you be as a foreigner in the land, and as a wayfaring man who turns aside to stay for a night?
- Jeremiah 30:12 πάροικος For thus says Yahweh, Your hurt is incurable, and your wound grievous.
- Zephaniah 2:5 πάροικος Woe to the inhabitants of the sea coast, the nation of the Cherethites! The word of Yahweh is against you, Canaan, the land of the Philistines. I will destroy you, that there will be no inhabitant.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G3941) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.
