מוּסָב

Qal

• Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Ez 42:19 +; 1 s. סַבֹּ֫תִי 1 S 22:22 (but v. infr.), סַבּ֫וֹתִי Ec 2:20; 7:25; 3 pl. סָֽבְבוּ Jos 6:15 + 1 S 14:21; 2 S 24:6 (v. infr.), sf. סְבָבוּנִי ψ 18:6 +, סַבּוּנִי 88:18 + 2 times, סַבֻּנִי 2 S 22:6; 2 mpl. וְסַבֹּתֶם consec. Jos 6:3, etc.; Impf. יָסֹב 1 K 7:15 +, sf. יְסֻבֵּנִי ψ 49:6; oftener יִסֹּב 1 S 5:8 +, וַיִּסֹּב Gn 42:24 +; 3 mpl. יָסֹ֫בּוּ Jb 16:13, וַיָּסֹ֫בּוּ Jos 6:14 +, 3 fpl. תְּסֻבֶּינָה Gn 37:7, etc.; Imv. ms. סֹב 1 S 22:18, fs. סֹ֫בִּי Is 23:16, etc.; Inf. cstr. לִסְבֹּב Nu 21:4, סֹב Dt 2:3; Pt. סוֹבֵב 2 K 6:15 +, הַסֹּבֵיב 8:21 (Ginsb הִסְבִּיב Kt, הַסֹּבֵב Qr), etc.;— e.g. Ezekiel 42:19
• 1. turn, intrans. (Impf. of form יִסֹּב in this sense only):
  • a. turn about, often as preliminary to something else 1 S 15:12, 27 (sq. inf.), 1 Ch 16:43 (id.; וַיָּ֫שָׁב in ‖ 2 S 6:20) + 1 S 14:21 (read סָֽבְבוּ גַם for MT סָבִיב וְגַם, 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th We, etc.), Je 41:14a (+ שׁוב v b, but 𝔊 om. v a cf. Gie), Ec 1:6(×2); of door, Pr 26:14 turn on (עַל) its hinge (cf. Niph. Ez 26:2); turn (toward one) 1 S 22:17, 18(×2) 2 S 18:30x2; Ct 2:17 (v. Bu); also c. אֶל־ 2 S 14:24(×2) + 24:6 (read סָֽבְבוּ for סָבִיב We Dr Bu Kit HPS; Klo יָסֹבּוּ, cf. Löhr), Ez 42:19 Ec 1:6, אֶל־אַחֲרָ֑י 2 K 9:18, 19; of cup of י׳, it shall come round unto (עַל־, with hostile implic.; עָבַר עַל La 4:22) Hb 2:16; of Jordan, turn לְאָחוֹר ψ 114:3, 5; turn about from (מֵעַל) Gn 42:24, (מִן) 1 S 18:11, + אֶל־ 17:30; so of inheritance Nu 36:7 it shall not go about from (מִן) tribe to (אֶל־) tribe, also v 9 (לְ for אֶל־); cf. (abs.) וַתִּסֹּב הַמְּלוּכָה וַתְּהִי לְאָחִי 1 K 2:15 (cf. Hiph. 1 b); = be brought round, c. acc. loc. 1 S 5:8 (of ark). e.g. 1 Samuel 15:12
  • b. turn = change, only Zc 14:10 (of land, changed like [כְּ, i.e. into] a plain), cf. Hiph. 1 c. e.g. Zechariah 14:10
  • c. fig. turn (in a new direction) to do something (inf.) Ec 2:20; 7:25.—ψ 71:21 is dub.; Bae reads וְתָשֻׁב for וְתִסֹּב after 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙; Hup-Now Che al. sub a. supr.: turn, comfort me.—Jb 10:8 read אַחַר תִּסֹּב for MT יחד סביב De al. e.g. Ecclesiastes 2:20
• 2.
  • a. march, or walk, around, c. acc. (city) Jos 6:3, 4, 7, 14, 15(×2) (all JE), ψ 48:13; poss. also נָסֹב 1 S 16:11 (of marching about altar? so HPS; turn to do something else Th), but cf. תסוב Ecclus 32:1 sit about a table (v. SchechterBS p. 56, and cf. מֵסַב), or read נֵשֵׁב Weir in Dr Kit Bu Löhr (perhaps). e.g. Joshua 6:3
  • b. go partly round, circle about, skirt, c. acc. (land) Nu 21:4 (JE) Ju 11:18, also Dt 2:1, 3; of rivers Gn 2:11, 13. e.g. Numbers 21:4
  • c. make a round, or circuit, go about to, c. acc. loc. 1 S 7:16; go about in (בְּ) 2 Ch 17:9, cf. also (c. בְּ) 23:2 Ct 3:5; 5:7 Ec 12:5, so c. acc. Is 23:16; = make a circuitous march 2 K 3:9 (c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ).—Vid. also 2 S 5:23 1 Ch 14:14 Hiph. 2 a. e.g. 1 Samuel 7:16
  • d. surround, encompass, abs. Gn 37:7 (E); c. acc. Jb 40:22; with hostile purpose, 2 K 6:15 Ec 9:14 (both of siege), cf. 2 K 3:25; acc. om. Ju 16:2, cf. 2 S 18:15; c. acc. rei + עַל־ pers. Ju 20:5; c. עַל־ pers. alone Jb 16:13 2 Ch 18:31; c. אֶל־ pers. 2 K 8:21 = 2 Ch 21:9; often fig. in poetry, c. acc. Ho 7:2 2 S 22:6 = ψ 18:6, ψ 22:13, 17; 49:6; 88:18; 118:10, 11(×2), 12; so also ψ 17:11 (Kt סְבָבוּנִי, Qr סְבָבוּנוּ; on text v. especially Hup-Now); lit. of cord surrounding (measuring circumf. of), c. acc. 1 K 7:15 = Je 52:21, 1 K 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2; of ornaments, etc., surrounding something (acc.) 1 K 7:24 2 Ch 4:3; surround one with something (2 acc.) 1 K 5:17 ψ 109:3; acc. + בְּ instr. Ho 12:1; ס׳ לָעֹפֶל 2 Ch 33:14 (i.e. build a wall around it).—1 S 22:22 read חַבְתִּי (√ חוּב), 𝔊 𝔖 Th We Dr Kit Bu Löhr HPS. e.g. Genesis 37:7

Niphal

• Pf. 3 ms. נָסַב Jos 15:3 +; 3 fs. נָסֵ֫בָּה Ez 26:2 (Ges§ 67 t St§ 410 b Köi. 342); וְנָֽסְבָה 41:7 (but read וְנוֹסְפָה Ew Sm Co ToyHpt, cf. Berthol); 3 pl. נָסַ֫בּוּ Gn 19:4 +; Impf. 3 mpl. יִסַּ֫בּוּ Ez 1:9 + 5 times;— e.g. Joshua 15:3
• 1.
  • a. turn oneself against (עַל־), close round upon (עַל) Gn 19:4 (J) Jos 7:9 (JE); c. acc. Ju 19:22. e.g. Genesis 19:4
  • b. turn round (from a direct course), of wheels Ez 1:9, 12, 17; 10:11(×2), also v 16 (but dub., Co ישׁבו, ToyHpt leave, Symm ἀπελείποντο); נָסַ֫בָּה אֵלַי Ez 26:2 of Jerus. under fig. of door (Sm Co Berthol ToyHpt). e.g. Ezekiel 1:9
  • c. especially of boundary (Hex only P): turn round from (מִן), toward (לְ) Nu 34:4, + ה loc. Jos 18:14; c. מִן + ה loc. + אֶל־ 15:10; c. מִן alone Nu 34:5; c. ה loc. alone Je 31:39 Jos 15:3; 16:6; circle about, skirt, c. acc. Jos 19:14. e.g. Numbers 34:4
• 2. pass. be turned over to (לְ, into the power of, Je 6:12. e.g. Jeremiah 6:12

Piel

• Inf. cstr. סַבֵּב אֶת־פְּנֵי הַדָּבָר 2 S 14:20 to change, transform, the aspect of the matter. Poʿ. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְסֹבְבֵנִי Jon 2:4, 6, יְסֹבְבֶנְהוּ Dt 32:10, יְסוֹבְבֶנּוּ ψ 32:10; 3 fs. תְּסוֹבֵב Je 31:22, etc.;—encompass, surround (poet. and chiefly late):— e.g. 2 Samuel 14:20
• 1. encompass (with protection), c. acc. Dt 32:10 (י׳ subj.), c. 2 acc. חֶסֶד יְסוֹבְבֶנּוּ ψ 32:10, cf. v 7 (but 2nd obj. here dub.); similarly נְקֵבָה תְּסוֹבֵב נָּ֑בֶר Je 31:22 i.e. either shall protect (so most) or (Che, cf. Gf) the woman (fig. of Isr.), instead of holding aloof (הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה v 22), will, in the new future which י׳ creates, with affection press round her divine husband. e.g. Deuteronomy 32:10
• 2. come about, assemble round (acc. pers. י׳) ψ 7:8. e.g. Psalms 7:8
• 3. march or go about, city (acc.) ψ 55:11; 59:7, 15; altar (in solemn procession) 26:6; go about in (בְּ) city Ct 3:2. e.g. Psalms 55:11
• 4. enclose, envelop, c. acc. pers. Jon 2:4, 6 (of waters). e.g. Jonah 2:4

Hiphil

• Pf. 3 ms. הֵסֵב 2 K 16:18 +; 2 ms. הֲסִבֹּ֫תָ 1 K 18:37; 3 pl. הֵסַ֫בּוּ 1 S 5:9, 10, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּסֵּב Ex 13:18 +, sf. וַיְסִבֵּ֫נִי Ez 47:2; 3 mpl. וַיַּסֵּ֫בּוּ Ju 18:23 + 2 times; 1 pl. נָסֵב 2 Ch 14:6, cohort. נָסֵ֫בָּה 1 Ch 13:3; Imv. ms. הָסֵב 2 S 5:23 1 Ch 14:14 (but v. infr.); fs. הָסֵ֫בִּי Ct 6:5; Inf. cstr. הָסֵב 2 S 3:12 1 Ch 12:23; Pt. מֵסֵב Je 21:4; perhaps also pl. sf. מְסִבָּ֑י ψ 140:10 (Ginsb);— e.g. 2 Kings 16:18
• 1.
  • a. turn (trans.), cause to turn: turn face (acc.) Ju 18:23 1 K 8:14 = 2 Ch 6:3 (all = turn toward); = turn round face 1 K 21:4, + אֶל־הַקִּיר 2 K 20:2 = Is 38:2; + מִן Ez 7:22 (subj. י׳), 2 Ch 29:6 (of neglect), 35:22 (of avoiding battle); turn away eyes from (מִן), Ct 6:5; turn (back), change heart 1 K 18:37 (recall from apostasy; + אֲחֹרַנִּית), Ezr 6:22 (+ עַל־); turn back, reverse (weapons) Je 21:4. e.g. Judges 18:23
  • b. bring over (i.e. to allegiance), c. acc. + אֶל־ pers., 2 S 3:12 1 Ch 12:24 (van d. H. v 23); of י׳, turn over kingdom to (לְ) 1 Ch 10:14 (cf. Qal 1 a, 1 K 2:15). e.g. 2 Samuel 3:12
  • c. turn into, of changing name, 2 acc. 2 K 23:34 = 2 Ch 36:4, 2 K 24:17. e.g. 2 Kings 23:34
  • d. = bring round, c. acc. 1 S 5:8, 9; + מִן 2 S 20:12; + אֶל־ 1 S 5:10 1 Ch 13:3; + acc. loc. 2 K 16:18 (sense obscure). e.g. 1 Samuel 5:8
• 2.
  • a. cause to go around: of carrying ark around city (2 acc.) Jos 6:11 (JE; but Qal 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙); lead round, i.e. by a round-about way, acc. pers. + acc. דֶּרֶךְ Ex 13:18 (E) Ez 47:2; c. acc. + inf. of purpose 2 Ch 13:13; acc. om., lead round toward (אֶל־) 2 S 5:23, away from (מֵעַל־) ‖ 1 Ch 14:14 (where, however, perhaps read as S, so Be Öt, and, in both, סֹב for הָסֵב Dr KitKau Hpt Bu HPS Löhr). e.g. Joshua 6:11
  • b. surround with (acc.) wall, 2 Ch 14:6 (acc. of city om.). e.g. 2 Chronicles 14:6
  • c. perhaps also encompass (as foe), מְסִבָּ֑י ψ 140:10 those encompassing me (others sub מֵסַב infr.). e.g. Psalms 140:10

Hophal

• Impf. 3 ms. יוּסָּ֑ב Is 28:27; Pt. fpl. cstr. מֻסַבֹּת Ex 28:11; 39:6; מוּסַבֹּת v 13 Nu 32:38 (v. infr.); מוּסַבּוֹת Ez 41:24;— e.g. Isaiah 28:27
• 1. be turned, of cart wheel, c. עַל־ upon, over; מוּסַבּוֹת דְּלָתוֹת Ez 41:24 pt. appar. as gerundive, that can be turned, movable (Ges§ 116 e; Co reads צלעות מ׳, cf. ToyHpt); מוּס׳ שֵׁם Nu 32:38 turned (i.e. changed) as to name, but gloss, v. Di. e.g. Ezekiel 41:24
• 2. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels (pt. cstr.) Ex 28:11; 39:6, 13 (all P). e.g. Exodus 28:11