אֵת
ploughshare
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Singular
- One.
3 distinct verses where H855 appears in the Absolute state, across 3 books. Filtered view — show all forms. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
1 Samuel 1 verse
Isaiah 1 verse
Micah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
את — transliterated ʼêth — is a Hebrew noun carrying the sense “ploughshare.” The Hebrew Bible uses it only 5 verses. Its uses concentrate in 1 Samuel (40% of all occurrences). Its earliest occurrence is 1 Samuel 13:20. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H855 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 5
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 5 distinct verses.
- 4 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 4 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #3,337
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 3,337 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 5 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 5 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 5 verses · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 3 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Plowshares 3×
- American Standard Version†: Plowshares 3×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Plowshares 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Plowshares 3×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H855 across 5† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H855 across 5† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H855 across 5† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H855 across 6† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 3 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
25 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 25 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
את I with makk. אֶת־, with suff. אֹתִי
- 1. As mark of the accus. prefixed to substs. defined either by the art. (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pron. affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
- a. with transitive verbs, Gn 1:1, 16, 29, 30; 2:11; 4:1, 2; 9:3 (אֶת־כֹּֽל׃) etc. Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Jos 24:15; 1 S 12:3; 28:11; Is 6:8 al. (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Gn 29:33; 44:29; 1 S 21:16; 1 K 22:27 +, זֹאת Gn 29:27; 2 S 13:17 +, אֵלֶּה Gn 46:18; Lv 11:22; Is 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pron. affix, a pron. can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the foll. passages: Gn 7:1; 24:14; 37:4; Lv 10:17; 11:33; Nu 22:23 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive (cf. Gn 41:13), Dt 4:14; 6:13, 23; 13:5; Ju 14:3 אוֹתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1 S 14:35; 15:1; 18:17; 21:10 אִם־אֹתָהּ תִּקַּח־לְךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 K 1:35; 14:19; Is 43:22; 57:11 Je 9:2. So הַאוֹתִי †Je 5:22; 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Je 7:19 Ez 34:2. Rarely with a subst. which is undefined (Ew§ 277 d 2 Ges§ 117, 1 R. 2), as Ex 21:28; Nu 21:9; Lv 20:14; 1 S 24:6 (but v. Dr) 2 S 4:11; 18:18; 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the art., Gn 21:30; 2 S 15:16; Lv 26:5; 1 S 9:3 (so Nu 16:15) Is 33:19; 41:7; Ez 43:10 (for further exx. v. Ew l.c.) e.g. Genesis 1:1
- b. with a passive verb (Ges§ 121.1 Ew§ 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accus. of that which is its real object: exx. occur with tolerable frequency from Gn 4:18 (J) וַיִּקָּרֵא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ חֲנֹךְ, and there was called (= one called) his name Enoch,17:5 (P) there shall not be called (= one shall not call) thy name any more Abram, 21:5 (E), 27:42 2 S 21:11; 1 K 18:13; Ho 10:6 etc., to Je 35:14; 38:4; 50:20 Ez 16:4, 5 Est 2:13 (cf. DrJPhl. xi. 227 f.): also with pass. vbs. of filling (Ew§ 281 b), as Ex 1:7 +. e.g. Genesis 4:18
- c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a constr. κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Jos 22:17; 2 S 11:25; Ne 9:32 (cf. 1 S 20:13 Dr 1 K 8:31). Once after אֵין, Hg 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַי. e.g. Joshua 22:17
- d. poet. (si vera l.), after an abstr. noun used with a verbal force, †Hb 3:13 (Am 4:11; Is 13:19; Je 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [v. WAG i. § 196, 43]; and Nu 10:2; Ez 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: cf. Ew§ 239 a). e.g. Habakkuk 3:13
- 2. את marks an accus. in other relations than that of direct obj. to a verb:
- a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Nu 13:17; Dt 1:19; 2:7 (to ‘walk the wilderness’); denoting the goal Ju 19:18; Ez 21:25 (Ew§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1). e.g. Numbers 13:17
- b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Ex 13:7 Lv 25:22 Dt 9:25. e.g. Exodus 13:7
- c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gn 17:11, 14; 1 K 15:23. e.g. Genesis 17:11
- 3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be renderes as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a cstr. κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other prep. Thus (α) Ex 1:14; Nu 3:26, 46; 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ez 35:10) Nu 18:21b Dt 11:2 (anacol.), 14:13 Jos 17:11; Ju 20:44, 46 (contr. v 25, 35) 1 S 17:34 (v. Dr) 26:16; 2 S 21:22; 2 K 6:5; Is 53:8 (prob.), 57:12; Je 23:33 (but read rather with 𝔊 𝔙 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) 27:8; 36:22; 38:16 Kt, 45:4b Ez 16:22; 17:21; 20:16; 29:4b; 43:7 (𝔊 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) 44:3; Zc 8:17; Ec 4:3; Dn 9:13; Ne 9:19, 34; 1 Ch 2:9; 2 Ch 31:17. In 1 S 30:23; Hg 2:5 prob. some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Je 38:9; Ez 14:22b; 37:19b Zc 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 K 6:5; Ez 43:17 strangely (in 1 K 𝔊 om. the clause: so StaZAW 1883, 135).—In 1 K 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (v. וְ); v 25 is corrupt (read with 𝔊 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ez 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see v 20.—For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. WilsonHbr. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pron. obj. of a vb., את with suff. preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with JE Dt Ju S K (v. GiesebrechtZAW 1881, 285 f.),—partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves. e.g. Exodus 1:14
את II with
- 1. Of companionship, together with: Gn 6:13 behold, I destroy them אֶת־הָאָרֶץ together with the earth, 11:31; 12:4 + often, especially with verbs of dwelling, abiding, going, etc., as Ju 1:3; 14:11; 19:4, & in the phrase הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ Ju 4:13; 7:1; 9:33, 48; 1 S 14:20; 30:4 etc.; thou, and thy sons אִתָּֽךְ ׃ … with thee Gn 6:18; similarly (3rd pers.) 7:7, 13; 8:18; 9:8 al. (charact. of P: DrIntr. 124); הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים to walk with God, i.e. to have him as a companion (sc. by adopting a course of life pleasing to him) Gn 5:22, 24; 6:9 (cf. הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת lit. 1 S 25:15);—by the side of, like Is 45:9, equally with Lv 26:39, in common with Je 23:28b (cf. עִם 1 e, f). Hence, in partic.— e.g. Genesis 6:13
- a. with for the purpose of help: Nu 14:9 וי׳ אִתָּנוּ, Jos 14:12 (אוֹתִי, as Je 20:11) Ju 1:19; 2 K 6:16; 9:32 מִי אִתִּי מִי who is on my side, who? כִּי אִתְּךָ אֲנִי Is 43:5 Je 1:8, 19 +; Is 63:3 ψ 12:5 our lips are with us, on our side (s. 3 a); in the phrase יַד פּ׳ אֵת (הָֽיְתָה) 2 S 14:19 2 K 15:19 (ידיו) Je 26:24; נָשָׂא אֵת to bear together with, i.e. to assist Ex 18:22 Nu 11:17. Exceptionally, = with the help of: Gn 4:1 for I have gotten a man אֶת־י׳ with the help of י׳ (cf. עם 1 S 14:45) 49:25 (where, however, the parallelism, & 𝔊 𝔖 Sam. favour וְאֵל שַׁדַּי for וְאֵת שַׁדַּי) Mi 3:8; cf. Est 9:29. e.g. Numbers 14:9
- b. beside (Germ. neben): Gn 39:6 לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֹ מְאוּמָה he knew not with him, beside him, aught (i.e. Joseph managed everything), v 8 Ex 20:23 לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן אִתִּ֑י ye shall not make (aught) beside me. e.g. Genesis 39:6
- c. beside = in the presence of (rare): Gn 20:16b and before all thou shalt be righted, Is 30:8 Mi 6:1. In this sense אֶת־פְּנֵי פּ׳ is more freq., v. sub פָּנִים. e.g. Genesis 20:16
- d. of intercourse of different kinds with another, e.g. after verbs of making a covenant or contract, or (less often) of speaking or dealing: (α) Gn 9:9; 15:18; 17:4 (Ez 16:60 Is 59:21 אוֹת-) Jos 10:4 1 K 3:1 etc.; cf. 1 S 2:13 (but here הַכֹּהֵן מֵאֶת־ is prob. to be read with 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Ke We etc., cf. Dt 18:3). (β) Gn 17:3; 42:30 דִּבֶּר אִתָּנוּ קָשׁוֹת, 1 K 8:15 ψ 109:2, & especially in Je and Ez (as Je 1:16; 4:12 [52:9 אִתּוֹ] 5:5; 12:1; Ez 2:1; 3:22, 24, 27; 14:4; 44:5—all אוֹת-); Gn 24:49 to perform kindness אֵת (עִם is here more genl.), 2 S 16:17 זֶה חַסְדְּךָ אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ, Ru 2:20 Zc 7:9; Ju 11:27 וְאַתָּה עשֶֹׁה אִתִּי רָעָה, Dt 1:30; 10:21 1 S 12:7b, (אוֹת-) Je 21:2; 33:9 Ez 7:27; 16:59; 22:14; 23:25, 29; 39:24; abs. Ez 17:17; 20:44 ψ 109:21 Zp 3:19; (γ) in a pregn. sense, (in dealing) with, i.e. towards (rare): Is 66:14 ψ 67:2 יָאֵר פָּנָיו אִתָּנוּ make his face to shine with (= toward) us (varied from אֶל Nu 6:25) Dt 28:8; faithful with ψ 78:8 (cf. v 37 נָכוֹן עִם); Ez 2:6 (אוֹתָ֑ךְ); Ju 16:15 וְלִבְּךָ אֵין אִתִּי. (δ) often with verbs of fighting, striving, contending, as Gn 14:2, 8, 9 Nu 20:13 Is 45:9a; 50:8 ψ 35:1 Pr 23:11; with בָּא בְמִשְׁפָּט ψ 143:2 (Is 3:14 al. עִם). e.g. Genesis 9:9
- 2. Of localities, especially in the phrase אֲשֶׁר אֵת describing a site: Ju 3:19; 4:11 אֲשֶׁר אֶת־קֶדֶשׁ which is near Kedesh, 1 K 9:26 2 K 9:27 (cf. עם 2, which is commoner in this sense); Ez 43:8; Ex 33:21 הִנֵּה מָקוֹם אִתִּי. Perhaps, anomalously, 1 S 7:16 at or by all those places (but v. Dr); in 2 S 15:23 עַל־פְּנֵי דֶרֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּר, אֵת = towards is against anal.: read with 𝔊L עַל־פָּנָיו דֶּרֶךְ הַזַּיִת אֲשֶׁר בַּמִּדְבָּר; 1 K 9:25 אִתּוֹ beside it (sc. the altar); but עָלָיו 13:1 etc. would be idiomatic, & for אִתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר Klo proposes plausibly אֶת־אִשּׁוֹ (v. Ex 30:20). e.g. Judges 3:19
- 3. אֵת פּ׳ denotes specially,
- a. in one’s possession or keeping: Gn 27:15; 30:29 thou knowest אֵת אֲשֶׁר הָיָה מִקְנְךָ אִתִּי … how thy cattle fared with me, v 33; 42:16 Lv 5:23; 19:13 Dt 15:3 Ju 17:2 1 S 9:7 מָה אִתָּנוּ = what have we? 25:29 Is 49:4 my right is with Jehovah (contr. 40:27), Je 8:8 ψ 38:11 the light of mine eyes also אֵין אִתִּי i.e. is gone from me, Pr 3:28; 8:18; in his power, Je 10:5 הֵיטֵיב אֵין אוֹתָם is not in their power, perhaps ψ 12:5. A dream, or the word of י׳, is said to be אֵת with a prophet, 2 K 3:12 Je 23:28; 27:18. Metaph. of a mental quality, Pr 11:2; 13:10. e.g. Genesis 27:15
- b. in one’s knowledge or memory: Is 59:12 פְּשָׁעֵינוּ אִתָּנוּ our transgressions are with us, i.e. present to our minds (‖ וַעֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ יְדַעֲנוּם), Jb 12:3 אֶת־מִי־אֵין כְּמוֹ־אֵלֶּה with whom are not (i.e. who knoweth not? τίς οὐ σύνοιδε;) things like these? 14:5 אִתָּךְ i.e. known to thee, Pr 2:1 Gn 40:14 Je 12:3 (Ew Gf towards thee, as 1 d γ). So אִם־יֵשׁ אֶת־נַפְשְׁכֶם Gn 23:8 [2 K 9:15 נ׳ alone], אֶת־לְבָבְךָ 2 K 10:15. Comp. עם 4 b, which is more frequent in this sense. e.g. Isaiah 59:12
- 4. מֵאֵת (מֵאִתִּי, etc.; also מֵאוֹת-, v. p. 85) from proximity with (like Gk. παρά with a genit., Fr de chez; in Syriac ܡܶܢ ܠܘܳܬ Arabic مِنْ عِنْدَ correspond. Synon. מֵעִם; see below): coupled almost always with persons (contrast מֵעִם, a). Thus
- a. with קָנָה to buy Gn 25:10 + often; (cf. 17:27); לָקַח Gn 42:24 Ex 25:2 Lv 25:36 Nu 17:17 + often; נָשָׂא ψ 24:5; שִׁלַּח, as Gn 8:8 וַיְשַׁלַּח אֶת־הַיּוֹנָה מֵאִתּוֹ and he sent forth the dove from with him 26:27; הָלַךְ Gn 26:31 1 K 18:12; 20:36 Je 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband Ju 19:2 וַתֵּלֶךְ מֵאִתּוֹ, Je 3:1 (cf. Is 57:8); with sim. words Gn 38:1 Dt 2:8 1 K 11:23 Je 2:37 (v. Ex 5:20); Is 54:10 ψ 66:20; with שָׁאַל Ju 1:14 1 K 2:16 ψ 27:4 +, דָּרַשׁ 1 K 22:7 al., שָׁמַע 1 S 2:23.—מֵאֵת פְּנֵי פּ׳ Gn 27:30; 43:34 Ex 10:11 Jb 2:7; Lv 10:4 (הַקֹּדֶשׁ), 2 K 16:14 (הַבַּיִת). Hence e.g. Genesis 25:10
- b. of rights or dues, handed over from, given on the part of, any one: Gn 47:22 חֹק מֵאֵת פַּרְעֹה; often in P, as Gn 23:20 Ex 27:21 a perpetual due מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל from, or on the part of, the children of Israel, Lv 7:34b; 24:8 Nu 3:9; 7:84 +; Dt 18:3 1 S 2:13 (𝔊, etc.; v. 1 d) 2 S 15:3 וְשֹׁמֵעַ אֵין־לְךָ מֵאֵת הַמֶּלֶךְ but there is none to hear thee deputed of the king, 1 K 5:14. e.g. Genesis 47:22
- c. expressing origination: 1 K 1:27 אִם מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ נִהְיָה Especially מֵאֵת י׳—of a concrete object proceeding from him: Gn 19:24 (brimstone), Nu 11:31 (a wind), 16:35 (fire), 1 S 16:14 (evil spirit), Is 38:7 (a sign), Je 51:53 (wasters), Mi 5:6 (dew); of wrath Zc 7:12 (cf. Nu 17:11), teaching Is 51:4, the word of prophecy Je 7:1 (so 11:1; 18:1 + often in Je) 37:17 Ez 33:30; with ‘have I (we) heard’ Is 21:10; 28:22 Je 49:14 (= Ob 1); of an event, or phase of history Jos 11:20 מֵאֵת י׳ הָֽיְתָה it came of י׳ to …, 1 K 12:24 Hb 2:13 ψ 118:23 מֵאֵת י׳ הָֽיְתָה זֹאת (𝔊 παρὰ Κυρίου) Ezr 9:8 Ne 6:16; of trouble (רָעָה) 2 K 6:33 Mi 1:12 (יָרַד); of a good or evil lot, having its source in י׳ Je 13:25 Is 54:17 ψ 109:20, cf. Jb 2:10; ψ 22:26 מֵאִתְּךָ תְהִלָּתִי from thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it); Is 44:24 Qr מֵאִתִּי of myself (cf. ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ John 5:30; Kt is מִי אִתִּי who was with me?), 54:15 אֶפֶס מֵאוֹתִי not at my instance (cf. לֹא מִנִּי 30:1, לֹא מִמֶּנִּי Ho 8:4). e.g. 1 Kings 1:27
- d. of a place †1 K 6:33 (corrupt: read with 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 [partly] מְזוּזֹת רְבֻעוֹת, & cf. Ez 41:21). e.g. 1 Kings 6:33
- אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sometimes denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to. Thus Saul asks, מִי הָלַךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ who has gone from (those) about us? but Jacob, speaking of the loss of Joseph, says, Gn 44:28 וַיֵּצֵא הָאֶחָד מֵאִתִּי and the one is gone from with me. מֵאֵת is accordingly preferred to מֵעִם in the sense of origination or authorship; מאת is not usual in the sense of מֵעִם c, nor מֵעִם in the sense of מֵאֵת b. e.g. Genesis 44:28
את III [m.] a cutting instrument of iron, usually transl. ploughshare
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. with makk. אֶת־, with suff. אֹתִי; אֹֽתְךָ, אֹֽתְכָה †Nu 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה †Ex 29:35, fem. אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֹ etc.; 2 pl. אֶתְכֶם, once אֽוֹתְכֶם Jos 23:15; 3 mpl. regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם †Gn 32:1; Ex 18:20; Nu 21:3; Ez 34:12; 1 Ch 6:50, once אֽוֹתְהֶם Ez 23:45; 3 fpl., on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 times), once אֹתָ֑ן Ez 16:54 (also אֽוֹתְהֶן Ez 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Ex 35:26, אוֹתָ֖נָה Ez 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene:—the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moab. id., Ph. אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת freq. in 𝔗; Syriac ܝܳܬ very rare as mark of accus. (for which ܠ is prefered), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܒܝܳܬܶܗ per se, reapse, ܠܝܳܬܶܗ sibi ipsi, PS 1640 f., Sam. ࠉࠕ; Arabic إِيَّا, only used with sf., when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 WAG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ኪያ kīyā similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dub. if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ’iwyath, orig. a subst. with foll. gen., Ol p. 432; whether ultim. a parallel development with אוֹת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol WAG i. § 188 LagM i. 226 affirm, NöZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Heb. the ground-form is אוֹת; the forms with ē, e being abbreviated. In postB Heb., used in combination with another prep.: thus בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Bibl. בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוֹתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).
II. prep. with—with makk. אֶת־, with suff. אִתִּי, אִתְּךָ, אִתְּכֶם etc., also, however, אֽוֹתְךָ, אוֹתוֹ, and similarly מֵאֽוֹתְךָ, מֵאוֹתוֹ etc., first in Jos 10:25; 14:12, next 2 S 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively) 1 K 20–2 K 8, & in Je Ez, e.g. 1 K 20:25 (but v 23 אִתָּם) 22:7, 8, 24 (beside מֵאתִּי) 2 K 1:15; 3:11, 12, 26; 6:16 (beside אִתָּנוּ) 8:8; Je 2:35; 10:5; 16:8; 19:10; 20:11; Ez 2:6; 10:17; 23:23; 37:26 (v. infr. 1 d.; also Is 59:21, contr. Gn 17:4: on שָׁכַב אֹתָהּ, Gn 34:2 al., v. sub שָׁכֵב & cf. DrSm ii. 13, 14)—prep. denoting proximity (syn. עִם; Ph. את, e.g. CIS i. 3, 8 לא יכן לם משכב את רפאם let there not be for them a resting-place with the shades; Assyrian itti (perhaps akin to ittu ‘side,’ DlPr 115 Hpt KAT2. 498; but cf. NöZMG ’86, 738 f.). Not found as yet in the other cogn. languages: but cf. Ethiopic እንተ ʾenta, towards, which supports the view that אֵת is for ʾint [cf. תֵּת, תִּתִּי], perhaps from √ אנה to meet Olp. 431 PrätZMG ’73, 643, LagM i. 226).
IV. n.[m.] a cutting instrument of iron, usually transl. ploughshare—sg. sf. אֵתוֹ 1 S 13:20; pl. אֵתִים 1 S 13:21, אִתִּים Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3; sf. אִתֵּיכֶם Jo 4:10; according to Klo al. also 2 K 6:5 אֶת־הַבַּרְזֶל, i.e. the axe of iron.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: of uncertain derivation
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
אִתְ־
- formative prefix of the Ithpa., Ithpe. and Ithpo., and corresponding nouns; in Talmud mostly אִיתְ־; cmp. אִסְ־ a. אִיסְ־. [For words not to be found here v. sub. אִיתְ־, a. vice versa.]
אַתְּ
- c. (b. h. אַתְּ f.; contr. of אנת) thou. Targ. Gen. III, 11; a. fr.—Y. Snh. I, 19ᵃ top ואת מר הכן and thou sayest so?—[In Talmudic argumentation (אתה) את אומר; Chald. את אמר, את מר thou sayest, את צווח ליה thou callest it, frequently applied to Scripture texts as though addressing an opponent.] Lev. R. s. 10, end ואת אומר אל פתח וכ׳ and yet the Scripture says, ‘To the entrance of the Tabernacle’! i.e. how is this possible?—Y. Pes. V, 32ᶜ את מר והיה לאבק Scripture says ‘And it shall turn into dust’.—Y. Kil. VIII, 31ᵇ top הן דאת אמר לא אמרה למה את אמר, [add the respective bibl. verses after each אמר a. read אמרת for אמרה] there where it reads, ‘thou shalt not’ &c. (Lev. XIX, 19), the text gives no reason why; therefore it is repeated (Deut. XXII, 9 adding the reason); a. fr.—[דאת אמר contr. דַּתְּ מַר q. v.]—Pl. (תּוּן) אַתּוּן, (אַתּוּ) m. אַתֵּין f. ye. Targ. Ps. CXIV, 6 דאתון Ms. (omitted in ed., and third person). Targ. Is. III, 14. Targ. Ezek. XIII, 20; a. fr.—Y. Snh. VI, 23ᵈ top ומה תון בעון (read בעתון) and what is it ye want? Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ אתון אמרתון ye said so; a. fr.—Snh. 109ᵃ דאַתּוּ גנבי (v. Rashi a. l., Ms. דגנבי אית בכו, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) that ye are thieves. V. אַתָּה, אַנְתְּ. e.g. Leviticus 19:19
אָת
- c. (= b. h. אוֹת; fr. תאה, or תאו, sec. r. of אה or או; as to reject. of radical ו or ה, cmp. אב, אח &c.) sign, type; letter (v. אוֹת II). Targ. Ex. XIII, 16; a. fr.—Targ. Is. VII, 11; a. fr.—Pl. אָתִין, אָתַיָּא. Targ. Gen. I, 14. Targ. Ps. LXXIV, 4; a. e.—אַתְוָון, אַתְיָין, אַתְוָותָא, אַתְוָאן, (אָתָן) אַתְיָיתָא. Targ. Ps. l. c. Targ. O. Num. II, 2 ed. Berl. אַתְיַן, Var. אָתְיָן, אַתְוָון; Y. אתוון (v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 39); a. fr.—Koh. R. to I, 13 ה׳ אתואן five letters of acrostics.—אַתְוָיֵי (אַתְוֵוי, אִיתְוֵי). Num. R. s. 13, end א׳ דידין וכ׳ the letters composing the one word (קערת) are the same as those composing the other (קרעת).
אֵת
- [essence], a particle of the objective case, but also used as a noun, the thing (which) (cmp. Koh. IV, 3, v. אוֹת III). Ohol. II, 4 את ש … עליו that upon which … Zeb. 72ᵇ; Bets. 3ᵇ את שדרכו למנות שנינו we read (Orl. III, 7) that which it is customary to count singly, opp. כל שדרכו וכ׳ whatever is sometimes counted singly; a. fr.—Ber. I, 1 קורין את שמע we read the Sh’ma’, a. v. fr.—[The fact that את as a particle of the objective case may be dispensed with, and that את (fr. אתת to join) may have the meaning of with, gave rise to a method of Biblical interpretation by which, wherever את occurs in the Bible, esp. in laws, an amplification by implication is looked for.] Pes. 22ᵇ את לרבות וכ׳ the word eth (Deut. X, 20 [with] the Lord thy God thou shalt fear [some one else] intimates that we must pay reverence to the scholars next to God. Ib. ואידך את לא דריש and as to the other authority (that differs)? He does not interpret eth (as having a particular meaning); a. fr.—Pl. אֵתִים, אֵתִין the word eth occurring in Scripture, as a substratum for interpretation. Ib. היה דורש כל א׳ וכ׳ used to interpret every eth in the Law; a. fr. Num. R. s. 10 זו אחת מג׳ א׳ וכ׳ this is one of the three eths &c. e.g. Ecclesiastes 4:3
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 4 distinct written forms H855 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| לְ/אִתִּ֗ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute | Isaiah 2:4 | 2 |
| אִתֵּי/כֶם֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct | Joel 3:10 | 1 |
| אֵת/וֹ֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | 1 Samuel 13:20 | 1 |
| וְ/לָ֣/אֵתִ֔ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute | 1 Samuel 13:21 | 1 |
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 4 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 5 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
