בֶּ֫שֶׂם

בָּסֵם

• (√בס, בש, cmp. בָּשַׁל, to boil, ripen, be warm, ferment) to be sweet, pleasant, pleasing. Lam. R. to I, 9 יערב לך ויִבְסַם לך may (the sacrifice) be sweet unto thee (Moloch), may it be pleasing unto thee. Gen. R. s. 85 יערב לכם יבושם וכ׳ (Yalk. Gen. 144, Josh. 35 יבסם) may (the wine you drank) be sweet to you, may it well agree with you.—Denom. בּוֹסֶם.
  • , בִּישֵּׂם to make a person look well, esp. (denom. of בּוֹסֶם) to perfume with oil &c. Ex. R. s. 23 a bride מקשטין אותה ומְבַסְּמִין אותה is adorned and made handsome (her toilet is attended to).—Part. pass. מְבוּסָּם, f. מְבוּסֶּמֶת, מְבוּשּׂ׳ perfumed, sweet &c. Num. R. s. 20 מקושטת ומב׳ in full toilet. Tosef. Ber. VI (V), 5 it is not becoming for a scholar שיצא מבוסם to go out with perfumed oil on his head; Ber. 43ᵇ מבוש׳. B. Bath. VI, 3 יין מב׳ sweet wine (guaranteed as not sour). [Pesik. R. s. 21 בישם העולם; Ruth. R. beg. ביסם, read בִּיסֵּס, v. בָּסַס.]
  • ; Nithpa. נִתְבַּסֵּם, נִתְבַּשֵּׂ׳
  • 1. to perfume one’s self with oil &c. Gen. R. s. 17. &c. Gen. R. s. 17.
  • 2. to become exhilarated, to feel the wine. Koh. R. to XI, 9 אכל ושתה ונת׳ he ate and drank and felt well.
  • 3. trnsf. to grow better, improve. Gen. R. s. 67, end נִתְבַּסְּמָה דעתו עליו his character grew better (play on בשמת Gen. XXVI, 34).—[Gen. R. s. 66 נתבשם העולם, v. בָּסַס.] e.g. Genesis 26:34

בָּשַׂם

• &c., v. בָּסַם &c.

בֹּשֶׂם

• , pl. בְּשָׂמִים (b. h., preced.) spices, perfumes, esp. those used for blessings at the exit of the Sabbath. Ber. VIII, 5 sq.; a. fr.

שָׁם

• (b. h.) there, thither. Macc. II, 7 אינו יוצא מִשָּׁם לעולם he dare not go away from there (the city of refuge) all his life time; שם תהא דירתו שם וכ׳ there he must live, there he must die &c.; Tosef. ib. III (II), 5. Macc. 4ᵃ שנפל שם which fell thereinto. Ber. V, 4 אם אין שם כהן וכ׳ if no priest besides him is present; a. v. fr.—Cant. R. to VIII, 9 שָׁמָּה, v. רגָּז.—לְשָׁם thither. Ex. R. s. 18; a. fr.

שֵׁם I

• (b. h.) pr. n. m. Shem, son of Noah. Meg. 9ᵇ (ref. to Gen. IX, 27) דבריו … באהלי שם let the speech of Japheth (Greek) dwell in the tents of Shem; v. יָפְיוּת. Gen. R. s. 63, v. עֵבֶר I. Snh. 69ᵇ. Ex. R. s. 18 the Lord said, חייב אני לשם אביהם וכ׳ I am indebted to their (the Assyrians’) father Shem, because he and Japheth took their cloaks and covered with it &c.; a. fr. e.g. Genesis 9:27

שֵׁם II

• v. שׁוּם a. mark, name, title, nature, denomination. Pes. III, 3 לא תקרא לה שם וכ׳ she must not name it (declare it to be Ḥallah) until it is baked. Ter. III, 5 האומר … קרא שם if one says, the priest’s portion of this pile is in it …, he has named it (designated it as T’rumah). Gen. R. s. 25 (ref. to Gen. V, 29) לא השם הוא המדרש … הוא השם וכ׳ the name (נח) and the interpretation (ינחמנו) do not correspond; it ought to be either &c. Ber. II, 8 ליטול … השם, v. נָטַל. Macc. I, 2 לא השם המביאו וכ׳ the title (the legal text) under which the false witness is doomed to lashes, is not the one under which he is bound to pay indemnity. Kinn. I, 3 משם אחד sacrificial birds of the same denomination (intended for the same class of cases), opp. משני שמות of different denominations. Sabb. XII, 3 משם אחד two letters of the alphabet of the same name (אא, בב &c.), opp. משתי שמות two different letters (אב &c.). Ib. שם קטן משם גדול וכ׳ a small name or word as a part (or abbreviation) of a larger one, as שם as a part of שמעון, of שמואל &c. Ib. 103ᵇ שתי אותיות והן שם אחד two identical letters which represent a word, (as שש, which may stand for שֵׁשׁ or שָׂשׂ) &c. Shebu. 3ᵇ, a. fr. לא מן השם הוא זה וכ׳ this comes not under this title (this is not the real reason), but it is because &c. Ker. III, 4 אינו מן השם the offence is not of the same class. Macc. 4ᵇ, a. fr. (על חבירו) מוציא שם רע who spreads an evil report about his neighbor (injures his reputation). Ber. 17ᵃ גדל בשם טוב וכ׳ who has grown up with a good name, and departed life with a good name; a. v. fr.—Esp. הַשֵּׁם or שֵׁם the Divine Name, the Tetragrammaton, contradist. to כינוי attribute; in gen. the Lord. Snh. VII, 5 המגדף … שיפרש השם the blasphemer is not punishable, unless he uses the Name explicitly. Ib. 8 המקלל … בַּשֵּׁם he that curses his father or his mother is not punishable, unless he curses them with the Name. Ib. 56ᵃ בידך את השם בכינוי (not בכינויים) if he curses God by using a divine attribute. Ib. עד שיברך שם בשם unless he curses God and pronounces the Name. Yoma III, 8; IV, 2; VI, 2 (בשם) אנא השם I pray, O Lord (pronouncing the Tetragrammaton). Ib. כשהיו שומעים שם המפורש שהוא יוצא וכ׳ when they heard the Tetragrammaton pronounced &c., v. פָּרַשׁ. Ib. IV, 1 אחד … לַשֵּׁם on one of the lots was written ‘unto the Lord’; של שם the lot bearing the inscription ‘unto the Lord’; a. v. fr.; v. שָׁמַיִם.—Especial uses: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁ־ the same as, as well as. Ber. IX, 5 חייב אדם … כשם שמברך וכ׳ a man is bound to bless God for what is evil as well as he blesses for what is good. Ib. 62ᵃ כשם שנפרעין וכ׳ as well as the dead are called to account &c., v. סַפְדָּן. Sot. V, 1 כשם שהמים … כך וכ׳ as the waters test her, so do they test him. Ib. כשם שאסורה וכ׳, v. בָּעַל; a. v. fr.—בְּשֵׁם, מִשֵּׁם in the name of, in behalf of. Meg. 15ᵃ כל האומר דכר בשם אומרו וכ׳ he who relates a thing in the name of him who said it (gives credit to authority), brings redemption into the world. Peah II, 4 מִשְּׁמוֹ in his own name (as his individual opinion). Y. Taan. I, 64ᵃ הלכה … שאמר משם וכ׳ the rule follows the opinion of …, who said in behalf of &c.; a. v. fr.—לְשֵׁם for the purpose of, for the sake of, as; with reference to. Gitt. 24ᵇ כתב רחמנא לה לִשְׁמָהּ the text (Deut. XXIV, 3) says, ‘unto her’, that means, that it must be written especially for her. Yeb. 47ᵇ, v. שׁוּם II.—Snh. 99ᵇ העוסק בתורה לשמה who studies the Law for its own sake (for no selfish ends). Pes. 50ᵇ לעולם יעסוק … אע"פ שלא לשמה … בא לשמה by all means let a man engage in the study of the Law and in good deeds, even if not for their own sake, for through the work for a selfish purpose he will arrive at the stage of doing good for its own sake. Ib. 13ᵇ, a. e. שחטן לִשְׁמָן וכ׳ if he slaughtered them as such (as festive sacrifices) &c.; זרק דמן שלא לשמן if he sprinkled their blood, having in mind another purpose (another class of sacrifices). Gen. R. s. 25 לשם קרבנו נקרא he was named (נח) with reference to his sacrifice (ניחח, Gen. VIII, 21); לשם נחת וכ׳ he was named (נח) with reference to the rest of the ark (ותנח, Gen. VIII, 4); Yalk. ib. 42 על שם וכ׳; a. v. fr.—עַל שֵׁם (abbrev. ע"ש) with reference to, because. Y. Taan. II, beg. 65ᵃ על שם ואנכי וכ׳ as a reference to (what Abraham said,) ‘and I am but dust and ashes’ (Gen. XVIII, 27). Gen. R. s. 23, v. טְבַרְיָא; a. fr.; v. שׁוּם II.—Pl. שֵׁמוֹת, constr. שְׁמוֹת. Kinn. l. c. Gen. R. s. 26 כל הש׳ הללו וכ׳ all these names indicate rebellion &c., v. מַרְדּוּת I. B. Mets. 114ᵇ עובר בכל הש׳ הללו is guilty under all these titles (texts). Shebu. 35ᵃ יש ש׳ שנמחקין ויש ש׳ וכ׳ there are divine names which may be erased, and such as may not be erased. Y. R. Hash. I, 56ᵈ bot. שְׁ׳ המלאכים, v. מַלְאָךְ; a. fr. e.g. Genesis 5:29

שֵׁם

• Targ. Y. II, Ex. XXXI, 2. Targ. Ps. CXLVII, 4. Targ. O. Gen. VI, 4; a. fr.—Sot. 49ᵃ יהא שְׁמֵיה רבא (abbrev. יה"ש"ר), v. אֲגַדְתָּא. Ab. I, 13, v. נְגַד. Yoma 83ᵇ, v. דּוּק. Ber. 7ᵇ, v. גְּרַם I. Sabb. 8ᵇ (in Hebr. dict.) שמיה הילוך comes under the category of ‘walking’; לא שמיה תשמיש does not come under the category of ‘use.’ Ḥull. 48ᵃ משמיה רר׳ וכ׳ in behalf of &c.; Y. Taan. I, 64ᵃ bot. מן שמיה. Sabb. 145ᵇ שְׁמָאִי my name, v. מָתָא; a. v. fr.—Y. Orl. I, 61ᵃ bot. אית בני נש שְׁמוֹן בריכה וכ׳ there are persons whose name is B’rikah (meaning blessing), as one says, come thou, blessed of the Lord.—Pl. שְׁמָהָן, שְׁמָהָתָא; שְׁמַיָּיא, שְׁמֵי. Targ. Gen. II, 20. Ib. XXVI, 18. Targ. O. Num. I, 5 שְׁמָהַת constr.; Y. שְׁמָהָיַית; a. fr.—Gitt. 11ᵇ שמהתא … בשְׁמָהָתַיְיהוּ other names which Jews frequently adopt for their own, v. נְסַק. Meg. 14ᵇ סניין שְׁמַיְיהוּ, v. סְנֵי; a. fr.