Luke 21:22

Greek (Tischendorf 8th ed.)

English Translation

For these are days of vengeance, that all things which are written may be fulfilled.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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ἐκδικήσεως

ekdíkēsis

G1557

“vengeance”

Noun, Genitive, Singular, Feminine

Appears 9× in the Greek New Testament
First appears at Luke 18:7

Full Thayer's Definition

Origin: from G1556

TDNT: 09:25,2

1. a revenging, vengeance, punishment In 2 Cor 7:11 -- meeting out of justice; doing justice to allparties. See Luke 18:3 , 21:22 . The word also has the sense ofacquittal and carries the sense of vindication. - Vincent III p. 329

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

10: words
9: distinct lemmas
Gospels: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is ἐκδικήσεως vengeance G1557 — appearing just 9 times in the whole Greek New Testament.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

ἐκδικήσεως vengeance G1557 occurs in 9 verses of the Greek New Testament. Also found in:

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse:

τοῦ the G3588 ×2

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Luke 21:22 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Hosea 9:7 The days of visitation have come. The days of reckoning have come. Israel will consider the prophet to be a fool, And the man who is inspired to be insane, Because of the abundance of your sins, And because your hostility is great.
Isaiah 65:12–16 I will destine you to the sword, and you shall all bow down to the slaughter; because when I called, you did not answer; when I spoke, you did not hear; but you did that which was evil in my eyes, and chose that in which I didn't delight.
Isaiah 34:8 For Yahweh has a day of vengeance, a year of recompense for the cause of Zion.
Isaiah 63:4 For the day of vengeance was in my heart, and the year of my redeemed is come.
Jeremiah 51:6 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and save every man his life; don't be cut off in her iniquity: for it is the time of Yahweh's vengeance; he will render to her a recompense.
2 Peter 2:9 the Lord knows how to deliver the godly out of temptation and to keep the unrighteous under punishment for the day of judgment;
Daniel 9:24–27 Seventy weeks are decreed on your people and on your holy city, to finish disobedience, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most holy.
Mark 13:19–20 For in those days there will be oppression, such as there has not been the like from the beginning of the creation which God created until now, and never will be.

2 Peter 3:7 But the heavens that now are, and the earth, by the same word have been stored up for fire, being reserved against the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.
Deuteronomy 32:43 Rejoice, you nations, [with] his people: For he will avenge the blood of his servants, Will render vengeance to his adversaries, Will make expiation for his land, for his people.
Psalms 149:7–9 To execute vengeance on the nations, And punishments on the peoples;
Isaiah 61:2 to proclaim the year of Yahweh's favor, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all who mourn;
Zechariah 11:1–3 Open your doors, Lebanon, That the fire may devour your cedars.
Malachi 4:1 "For, behold, the day comes, it burns as a furnace; and all the proud, and all who work wickedness, will be stubble; and the day that comes will burn them up," says Yahweh of Hosts, "that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.
Matthew 1:22 Now all this has happened, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying,
Romans 2:5 But according to your hardness and unrepentant heart you are treasuring up for yourself wrath in the day of wrath, revelation, and of the righteous judgment of God;

Leviticus 26:14–33 "'But if you will not listen to me, and will not do all these commandments;
Deuteronomy 28:15–68 But it shall come to pass, if you will not listen to the voice of Yahweh your God, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command you this day, that all these curses shall come on you, and overtake you.
Deuteronomy 29:19–28 and it happen, when he hears the words of this curse, that he bless himself in his heart, saying, I shall have peace, though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart, to destroy the moist with the dry.
Deuteronomy 32:34 Isn't this laid up in store with me, Sealed up among my treasures?
Psalms 69:22–28 Let their table before them become a snare. May it become a retribution and a trap.
Zechariah 14:1–2 Behold, a day of Yahweh comes, when your spoil will be divided in your midst.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Commentary

Notes on Luke 21:22 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Commentary source

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

21:22 For those will be days of God’s vengeance: The destruction of Jerusalem was part of God’s judgment for Israel’s rejection of the Messiah.

Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Bengel's Gnomon

Johann Albrecht Bengel

Luk 21:22. Ἐκδικήσεως) of full exacting [the force of ἐκ] of vengeance: Mat 23:35 [“That on you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias”]. The vengeance seizes upon those who do not flee; see Luk 21:23; Exo 9:19-20. “Whoever does not flee, after having been thus warned, and is thereby involved in the coming vengeance, let him take the consequences. This word has great emphasis, 2Ma 6:14.—γεγραμμένα, which are written) For instance in Daniel.

Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament — English translation (T&T Clark, Edinburgh, 1860) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 22. These be the days of vengeance] See Clarke on Mt 24:21.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(22) These be the days of vengeance.—The words answer to the “great tribulation” of St. Matthew and St. Mark, and seem, as indeed does St. Luke’s report of the discourse throughout, to be of the nature of a paraphrase. The word “vengeance” may have been chosen, on this view, in allusive reference to the teaching of Luk_18:7-8. It may be noted as one which, though not exclusively used by them, is yet characteristic both of St. Luke and St. Paul (Rom_12:19; 2Co_7:11; and 2Th_1:8). The reference to the “things which are (better, have been) written,” is peculiar to St. Luke.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

22. the days of vengeance] See Dan_9:26-27. Josephus again and again calls attention to the abnormal wickedness of the Jews as the cause of the divine retribution which overtook them. In his Wars of the Jews he declares that no generation and no city was “so plunged in misery since the foundation of the world.” B. J. v. 10, § 5.

all things which are written] See Luk_19:42; Isa_29:2-4; Hos_10:14-15; Deu_28:49-57; 1Ki_9:6-9; Psa_79:1-13; Mic_3:8-12.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Men's hearts failing them for fear,.... Of what these signs in the heaven, earth, and sea portend:

and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth; on the land of Judea:

for the powers of heaven shall be shaken; See Gill on Mat 24:29.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

22 For these be the days of vengeance, that all things which are written may be fulfilled.

Ver. 22. See Mat 24:15-17.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Days of vengeance, &c. These are truly the days of vengeance; days, that will arise to punish this people for having spilt the blood of the Lord. (Ven. Bede)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

And things which are written - Particularly in Daniel.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges

22. ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως. See Dan 9:26-27. Josephus again and again calls attention to the abnormal wickedness of the Jews as the cause of the divine retribution which overtook them. In his Wars of the Jews he declares that no generation and no city was “so plunged in misery since the foundation of the world.” B. J. Luk 21:10, § 5.

τὰ γεγραμμένα. See Luk 19:42; Isa 29:2-4; Hos 10:14-15; Deu 28:49-57; 1Ki 9:6-9; Psa 79:1-13; Mic 3:8-12.

Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges (Cambridge University Press, 1896; 21 vols, various authors incl. Carr, Maclear, Plummer, Farrar, Lumby, Moule, M. R. James, Simcox) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Alford’s Greek Testament

Henry Alford

22.] ἐκδικ., a hint perhaps at ch. 18:8. The latter part of the verse alludes probably to the prophecy of Daniel, which Luke has omitted, but referred to in ἡ ἐρήμωσις αὐτῆς, ver. 20.

Henry Alford, The Greek Testament (1849–1861) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

International Critical Commentary

22. ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως. Comp. LXX of Deu 32:35; Hos 9:7; Ecclus. 5:9. In what follows note the characteristic construction, and verb, and adjective. There is an abundance of such utterances throughout the O.T. Lev 26:31-33; Deu 28:49-57; 1Ki 9:6-9; Mic 3:12; Zec 11:6; Dan 9:26, Dan 9:27. The famous passage in Eus. H. E. 2:23, 20should be compared, in which (like Origen before him) he quotes as from Josephus words which are in no MS. of Josephus which is extant: “These things happened to the Jews to avenge (κατʼ ἐκδίκησιν) James the Just, who was a brother of Jesus, that is called the Christ. For the Jews slew him, although he was a very just man.”

International Critical Commentary — older volumes (1896–1929), various authors — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament

Marvin R. Vincent

Vengeance [εκδικησεως] . Of rendering full justice, or satisfaction. See on avenge, ch. 18 3.

Marvin R. Vincent, Word Studies in the New Testament (1887–1900) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Luke, in the Gospels, opens this verse with 10 words (9 distinct Greek lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ekdíkēsis (“vengeance”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word ekdíkēsis carries the sense “vengeance.” How does it shape the verse?
Luke 18:7 shares the word «vengeance» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“the” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
Reading how Tyndale Open Study Notes and Bengel's Gnomon read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 6 words in this verse.
“the” occurs 2× in this single verse.
9 distinct Greek lemmas span 10 words in this verse.